Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Karthik Kalahasty, Yonghoon Lee, Elyana Locatelli, Mak Djulbegovic, Kimberly Cabrera, Parastou Pakravan, Courtney Goodman, Andrew Jensen, Kristina Aenlle, Nancy Klimas, Raquel Goldhardt, Anat Galor
Summary: This prospective case-control study aimed to investigate the utility of ocular coherence tomography (OCT) metrics and systemic markers of inflammation in identifying individuals with Gulf War Illness (GWI) symptoms. The study included 108 Gulf War Era veterans, and the results showed that certain OCT measures, such as increased temporal thickness and decreased inferior temporal thickness, along with specific inflammatory cytokines, were correlated with GWI symptoms. The ROC analysis demonstrated a reasonable sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of GWI symptoms in this population.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kaveri A. Thakoor, Jiaang Yao, Darius Bordbar, Omar Moussa, Weijie Lin, Paul Sajda, Royce W. S. Chen
Summary: This study describes a deep learning approach using multimodal data to detect age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and its biomarkers. By applying Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), the accuracy of biomarker prediction reached up to 90.2% (with a positive predictive value of up to 75.8%), offering the potential to expedite screening of early and late-stage AMD patients.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Kubra Ozdemir Yalcinsoy, Yasemin Ozdamar Erol, Gozde Hondur, Pinar Cakar Ozdal
Summary: This study evaluated retinal and choroidal alterations in eyes with inactive ocular sarcoidosis using OCTA and EDI-OCT, and found significant differences compared to healthy individuals. The results suggest that OCTA and EDI-OCT imaging may be useful for monitoring changes in ocular sarcoidosis.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aldo Vagge, Paolo Corazza, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Paola Camicione, Giulia Agosto, Roberta Vagge, Calevo Maria Grazia, Adriano Carnevali, Giuseppe Giannaccare, Massimo Nicolo, Carlo Enrico Traverso
Summary: Patients with NF1 exhibit lower macular RNFL and retinal thickness, along with higher vascular flow area in the SCP. Compared to control subjects, the flow area in the second choroidal layer is also lower in NF1 patients. OCTA is a potentially valuable tool for detecting early ocular abnormalities in NF1.
Article
Ophthalmology
Ramesh Venkatesh, Sameeksha Agrawal, Nikitha Gurram Reddy, Akhila Sridharan, Joshua Ong, Naresh Kumar Yadav, Jay Chhablani
Summary: This study compared retinal and choroidal thickness variations in patients with ocular albinism and healthy control subjects using OCT scans. The results showed that the subfoveal retinal thickness was greater and the choroidal thickness was thinner in the ocular albinism group compared to the controls.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Betul Sereflican, Umit Dogan
Summary: The study compared choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) with healthy volunteers, revealing significantly higher subfoveal CT in the RAS group. This suggests a potential risk for subclinical ocular inflammation in these patients and warrants further investigation.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY-JOURNAL CANADIEN D OPHTALMOLOGIE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthias M. Mauschitz, Valerie Lohner, Alexandra Koch, Tony Stocker, Martin Reuter, Frank G. Holz, Robert P. Finger, Monique M. B. Breteler
Summary: Retinal assessments may serve as biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases and be used as clinical monitoring tools.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Babak Ghafaryasl, Koenraad A. Vermeer, Jeroen Kalkman, Tom Callewaert, Johannes F. de Boer, Lucas J. van Vliet
Summary: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is widely used for capturing structural information of tissues for clinical tasks such as diagnosing retinal and vascular diseases. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the field of ophthalmology for utilizing optical tissue properties for diagnosis and disease progression.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Yanhui Ma, Matthew P. Ohr, Cynthia J. Roberts
Summary: The pathologic mechanism of diabetic retinopathy is directly related to hyperglycemia, which causes non-enzymatic cross-linking of collagen fibrils and contributes to tissue stiffening. This study assessed the ocular biomechanical behavior in eyes with diabetic retinopathy using optical coherence tomography. The preliminary results showed higher ocular rigidity and scleral stiffness in diabetic retinopathy, possibly attributing to hyperglycemia-induced collagen cross-linking in ocular tissues.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Xiaoli Ma, Yujie Wang, Nan Wang, Ruijun Zhang
Summary: The study compared retinal thickness in atypical parkinsonism with healthy controls and Parkinson's disease patients. It found that progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy had significantly thinner retinas compared to both the healthy controls and Parkinson's disease patients. The patterns of retinal thinning in multiple system atrophy may be clinically important for differentiation among atypical parkinsonism.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Massood Mohammadi, Erica Su, Leila Chew, Vahid Mohammadzadeh, Joseph Caprioli, Robert E. Weiss, Kouros Nouri-Mahdavi
Summary: The study compared the rates of change in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) in glaucoma suspect (GS) and established glaucoma (EG) patients. The results showed that IPL thickness changes occurred earlier than GCL changes in eyes with early damage. Therefore, GCL thickness is more likely to demonstrate change over time compared with IPL in glaucoma suspects.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Mevlut Ceri, Gokhan Pekel, Mehmet Mert, Kerem Bozkurt, Murat Yasar Tas, Belda Dursun
Summary: This study evaluated ocular changes in primary NS patients with preserved renal functions. The results suggest that measurements of CCT, CFT, and RAC with OCT may serve as markers of inflammation in NS patients.
PHOTODIAGNOSIS AND PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Verina Hanna, Jonathan Oakley, Daniel Russakoff, Netan Choudhry
Summary: This study found sectoral increases in retinal outer layer thickness in the temporal and inferior sectors, as well as increases in sub-RPE space and photoreceptor complex thicknesses, and decreases in inner nuclear layer and outer nuclear layer thicknesses at 6 months post-SNL treatment. The pilot study demonstrates the use of OCT with artificial intelligence-enabled software in tracking retinal changes after SNL treatment in intermediate ARMD patients.
Article
Ophthalmology
Noriko Nishikawa, Jacqueline Chua, Yuriya Kawaguchi, Tomoko Ro-Mase, Leopold Schmetterer, Yasuo Yanagi, Akitoshi Yoshida
Summary: Children with unilateral amblyopia showed lower macular vessel density and thicker inner retinal layers in the amblyopic eyes compared to fellow eyes, even after correcting for image magnification, suggesting persistent differences in macular microvasculature and structural layers.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Roland Hollhumer, Pamela Michelow, Susan Williams
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate non-invasive diagnostic modalities for ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) compared to histology. Optical coherence tomography had a high sensitivity and specificity, while liquid-based cytology performed well but had lower sensitivity and specificity. Methylene blue had high sensitivity but low specificity as a screening test for OSSN.
Article
Ophthalmology
Gareth Lingham, Jason Kugelman, Jason Charng, Samantha S. Y. Lee, Seyhan Yazar, Charlotte M. McKnight, Minas T. Coroneo, Robyn M. Lucas, Holly Brown, Louis J. Stevenson, David A. Mackey, David Alonso-Caneiro
Summary: This study used a deep learning-based tool to assess the change in conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) area in young adults over an 8-year period and found that wearing sunglasses was associated with a faster reduction in CUVAF area. The results of this study are important for understanding the damage caused by ultraviolet radiation exposure to the eyes.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Ranjay Chakraborty, Michael J. Collins, Henry Kricancic, Brett Davis, David Alonso-Caneiro, Fan Yi, Karthikeyan Baskaran
Summary: This study aimed to examine the effects of stimulation of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) on axial length changes in young adults. The study found that stimulation of ipRGCs using blue light caused an increase in axial length. However, this effect was not observed in myopic defocus conditions.
JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY
(2023)
Review
Ophthalmology
Jason Charng, Khyber Alam, Gavin Swartz, Jason Kugelman, David Alonso-Caneiro, David A. Mackey, Fred K. Chen
Summary: Deep learning is an emerging research field that utilizes algorithms to learn and apply rules in clinical data analysis in optometry. Unlike traditional programming, which relies on predetermined rules, deep learning allows the algorithm to learn and adjust its own parameters to complete tasks. This offers automation and reduces human bias in data analysis for patient management in optometry.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTOMETRY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Scott A. Read, Shelley Hopkins, Alex A. Black, Sharon A. Bentley, John Scott, Joanne M. Wood
Summary: Although studies have examined vision conditions in Indigenous children in urban and regional areas of Australia, there is limited research on children in remote regions. This study found that up to 1 in 3 children in a very remote region had a vision condition, with many of these conditions being uncorrected and undetected.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTOMETRY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Rebecca A. Cox, Scott A. Read, Shelley Hopkins, Joanne M. Wood
Summary: This study investigated the ocular biometry of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in Australia, finding differences in refractive error, lens power, central corneal thickness, and intraocular pressure compared to non-Indigenous children, which may have implications for the development of refractive error and ocular disease later in life.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTOMETRY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Dinesh Kaphle, Katrina L. Schmid, Marwan Suheimat, Scott A. Read, David A. Atchison
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between peripheral choroid thickness and eye length changes during accommodation. The results showed that eye length increased with accommodation, while the choroid thinned. The thinning of the choroid accounted for approximately 60% of the eye length increase.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Janelle Tong, Vincent Khou, Matt Trinh, David Alonso-Caneiro, Barbara Zangerl, Michael Kalloniatis
Summary: This study aimed to identify demographic variations in retinal thickness measurements from optical coherence tomography (OCT) and calculated cell density parameters across the neural layers of the healthy human macula. Age was consistently identified as significantly impacting retinal thickness, with gender affecting one layer. Regression models demonstrated the age-related changes in two layers begin in the 30th decade. Overall, this study provides a framework for calculating in vivo cell density from OCT for all neural layers of the human retina.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Rohan P. J. Hughes, Scott A. Read, Michael J. Collins, Stephen J. Vincent
Summary: This study investigates the changes in higher order aberrations and retinal image quality during accommodation in children with different refractive errors. The results show that near work has a greater impact on myopic children, while non-myopic children show greater changes in spherical aberration during accommodation.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Rohan P. J. Hughes, Scott A. Read, Michael J. Collins, Stephen J. Vincent
Summary: This study examined anterior corneal, internal ocular, and total ocular higher order aberrations (HOA's), and retinal image quality in a non-myopic, paediatric cohort. The study found that internal ocular HOA's were higher in magnitude but partially compensated, resulting in reduced levels of HOA's and excellent retinal image quality. Weak correlations were observed between HOA's and age, sex, refractive error, and axial length. These findings provide an improved understanding of the optics and retinal image quality of children's eyes.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pryntha Rajasingam, Alyra Shaw, Brett Davis, David Alonso-Caneiro, Jared Hamwood, Michael Collins
Summary: Ultraviolet autofluorescence imaging is a useful tool for detecting ocular surface changes caused by sunlight exposure. This study found that the presence of UVAF was associated with changes in tissue thickness, including thinner conjunctival epithelium and thicker sclera. Additionally, participants with only nasal UVAF had significantly thicker temporal conjunctival stroma. These findings highlight the potential of techniques such as tissue thickness measurement and UVAF photography in detecting early UV-related changes to the ocular surface.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jakub Boguslawski, Slawomir Tomczewski, Michal Dabrowski, Katarzyna Komar, Jadwiga Milkiewicz, Grazyna Palczewska, Krzysztof Palczewski, Maciej Wojtkowski
Summary: This article presents a protocol for noninvasive imaging of endogenous retinal fluorophores in the human eye. It describes the steps for obtaining two-photon excited fluorescence images of the fundus, including laser characterization, system alignment, subject positioning, and data processing. The technique allows for informative images to be acquired at low laser exposure, addressing safety concerns.
Article
Ophthalmology
Barsha Lal, David Alonso-Caneiro, Scott A. Read, Andrew Carkeet
Summary: The study aims to investigate longitudinal changes in retinal and choroidal OCT-A indices over 1 year among healthy children and young adults. The results showed significant changes in retinal OCT-A indices over 1 year among children but not adults, while choroidal OCT-A indices remained stable.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTOMETRY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Shelley Hopkins, Scott A. Read, Rebecca A. Cox, Bright A. Oduro, Niall Strang, Joanne M. Wood
Summary: This study investigated the impact of clinically significant hyperopia on visual function in schoolchildren and compared the ability of different screening tests to detect it. Results showed significant differences in visual function between children with clinically significant hyperopia and those with emmetropia/low hyperopia. Combining measures of DVA and NVA and the difference in DVA through a plus lens demonstrated good discriminative ability for detecting clinically significant hyperopia.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Lisa A. Ostrin, Elise Harb, Debora L. Nickla, Scott A. Read, David Alonso-Caneiro, Falk Schroedl, Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger, Xiangtian Zhou, Christine F. Wildsoet
Summary: The choroid is a vascular layer located between the sclera and Bruch's membrane in the eye. It is a multifunctional structure that can be modulated by various physiological and visual stimuli. This review summarizes the anatomy and function of the choroid, discusses its links to eye growth regulation and myopia based on animal models, and describes methods for measuring choroidal thickness and associated challenges in humans. The review also considers the implications of choroidal changes for myopia and questions the potential use of short-term choroidal thickening as a biomarker for myopia control therapy efficacy, concluding that current evidence is insufficient.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Jason Kugelman, David Alonso-Caneiro, Scott A. Read, Stephen J. Vincent, Michael J. Collins
Summary: Training deep learning methods for OCT retinal and choroidal layer segmentation is challenging due to limited data availability and privacy concerns. This study proposes an enhanced StyleGAN2-based data augmentation method combined with semi-supervised learning using a novel cross-localisation technique. By incorporating styles from unlabelled data with labelled data, the method increases the diversity of synthetic data. Through optimization and targeted model selection, the method demonstrates improved performance in OCT retinal and choroidal layer segmentation.
COMPUTER VISION AND IMAGE UNDERSTANDING
(2023)