The Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) of Japan

The International Kidney Evaluation Association Japan (IKEAJ) was created to improve public health awareness of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by screening high-risk CKD populations. This study aimed to retrospectively examine data from KEEP Japan and detect the CKD risk factors for the onset and the progression of CKD. A total of 1,947 participants (mean age: 56.9 +/- 16.4 years) to KEEP Japan were enrolled, More than 70% of the participants had no CKD. However, 7.5% of the participants were classified as high risk, The participants with a history of hypertension and older than 60 years had significantly higher odds ratio for occurrence of CKD. In addition, the participants with history of diabetes or cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure (BP), anemia, and low HDL-C had high odds ratios. It is therefore suggested that the appropriate control of BP, blood glucose, anemia, and HDL-C is important for populations with CKD risk factors to reduce the likelihood of CKD.