Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Tarik Asselah, Mario Rizzetto
Summary: Hepatitis D virus (HDV), also known as hepatitis delta virus, is a defective, hepatotropic pathogenic agent. It requires the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) provided by hepatitis B virus (HBV) for its life cycle. HDV is mainly transmitted through contaminated syringes used by intravenous drug users. It is characterized by unique biological characteristics and severe medical effects. The global prevalence of HDV infection remains uncertain, and effective therapies are urgently needed.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ohad Etzion, Saeed Hamid, Yoav Lurie, Edward J. Gane, David Yardeni, Sarah Duehren, Nimrah Bader, Anat Nevo-Shor, Saleh Muhammad Channa, Scott J. Cotler, Minaz Mawani, Om Parkash, Harel Dahari, Ingrid Choong, Jeffrey S. Glenn
Summary: This study investigates a new treatment for chronic HDV infection using Lambda monotherapy, which shows virologic response during and following treatment.
Article
Zoology
Samia Afzal, Jahanzaib Ahmad, Iram Amin, Liaqat Ali, Muhammad Shahid, Mohsin Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Idrees
Summary: Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) is a satellite virus of hepatitis B virus (HBV) that inhibits HBV replication and converts it into an inactive state. This study aims to investigate the impact of HDV on HBV chronic active and inactive state patients from different provinces in Pakistan. The findings suggest that the presence of HDV infection may suppress HBV replication and convert it into an inactive state.
PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Bibigul S. Ilyassova, Balzhan Abzhaparova, Dariga S. Smailova, Aidos Bolatov, Bolatbek Baymakhanov, Vyacheslav Beloussov, Maxim Solomadin, Kunsulu Shamsivaliyeva, Gulnara Alpysbayava, Gaukhar Issakova, Joanna Granica, Dina Mukushkina, Inkar Y. Sagatov, Shokan Kaniyev
Summary: This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of HBV and HDV in Kazakhstan for the first time. The results showed that HBV is mainly represented by genotype D, followed by genotypes A and C, while all HDV samples belonged to genotype 1. These findings contribute to the understanding of global viral epidemiology and have potential implications for public health policy and clinical research on chronic hepatitis in Kazakhstan.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Julie Lucifora, Dulce Alfaiate, Caroline Pons, Maud Michelet, Ricardo Ramirez, Floriane Fusil, Fouzia Amirache, Axel Rossi, Anne-Flore Legrand, Emilie Charles, Serena Vegna, Rayan Farhat, Michel Rivoire, Guillaume Passot, Nicolas Gadot, Barbara Testoni, Charlotte Bach, Thomas F. Baumert, Anastasia Hyrina, Rudolf K. Beran, Fabien Zoulim, Andre Boonstra, Hildegard Buening, Eloi R. Verrier, Francois-Loic Cosset, Simon P. Fletcher, Anna Salvetti, David Durantel
Summary: This study elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying how HDV interferes with HBV in patients with chronic coinfection. The researchers found that HDV induces the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and these genes are upregulated in HDV/HBV-coinfected patients. Inhibiting the hepatocyte's response to interferon partially restores the levels of HBV.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Beatriz Pacin-Ruiz, Maria Francesca Cortese, David Tabernero, Sara Sopena, Josep Gregori, Selene Garcia-Garcia, Rosario Casillas, Adrian Najarro, Unai Aldama, Adriana Palom, Ariadna Rando-Segura, Anna Galan, Marta Vila, Mar Riveiro-Barciela, Josep Quer, Gloria Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza, Maria Buti, Francisco Rodriguez-Frias
Summary: This study used next-generation sequencing to analyze the ribozyme quasispecies of hepatitis delta virus (HDV). The ribozyme was found to be highly conserved overall, with a hyper-conserved region between nucleotides 715-745. Several mutations were observed, with the deletion of C64 showing a strong impact on HDV replication. The findings suggest that the conserved region of the ribozyme could be a potential target for gene-silencing strategies.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Camille Peneau, Jessica Zucman-Rossi, Jean-Charles Nault
Summary: Virus-related liver carcinogenesis, including chronic hepatitis B and C infections, is a major contributor to cancer-related deaths worldwide. Mechanisms such as chronic inflammation and cirrhosis, viral insertional mutagenesis, and expression of oncogenic proteins play key roles in the oncogenic properties of HBV infection. Additionally, adeno associated virus type 2 (AAV2) insertion mutagenesis has been linked to the occurrence of HCC in non-cirrhotic patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Heiner Wedemeyer, Soo Aleman, Maurizia Rossana Brunetto, Antje Blank, Pietro Andreone, Pavel Bogomolov, Vladimir Chulanov, Nina Mamonova, Natalia Geyvandova, Viacheslav Morozov, Olga Sagalova, Tatyana Stepanova, Annemarie Berger, Dmitry Manuilov, Vithika Suri, Qi An, Ben Da, John Flaherty, Anu Osinusi, Yang Liu, Uta Merle, Julian Schulze zur Wiesch, Stefan Zeuzem, Sandra Ciesek, Markus Cornberg, Pietro Lampertico
Summary: Bulevirtide treatment reduces HDV RNA and ALT levels in patients with chronic hepatitis D, with a dose-dependent effect.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Heiner Wedemeyer, Soo Aleman, Maurizia Rossana Brunetto, Antje Blank, Pietro Andreone, Pavel Bogomolov, Vladimir Chulanov, Nina Mamonova, Natalia Geyvandova, Viacheslav Morozov, Olga Sagalova, Tatyana Stepanova, Annemarie Berger, Dmitry Manuilov, Vithika Suri, Qi An, Ben Da, John Flaherty, Anu Osinusi, Yang Liu, Uta Merle, Julian Schulzezur Wiesch, Stefan Zeuzem, Sandra Ciesek, Markus Cornberg, Pietro Lampertico
Summary: In this study, it was found that bulevirtide is effective in inhibiting the entry of hepatitis D virus and reducing the progression of liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis B. The recommended dosage of bulevirtide is 2 mg or 10 mg per day.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Caterina Sagnelli, Mariantonietta Pisaturo, Caterina Curatolo, Alessio Vinicio Codella, Nicola Coppola, Evangelista Sagnelli
Summary: Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a liver-tropic virus that requires hepatitis B virus (HBV) to infect humans and can lead to acute or chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment with Peg-interferon alfa is only effective in a small percentage of cases. The endemicity of HDV has decreased over the past 50 years, but may increase during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Elisa Navas-Hermosilla, Elvira Fiallo-Olive, Jesus Navas-Castillo
Summary: Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is an emergent plant pathogen causing yellow leaf disorder in tomato and other solanaceous crops. Adding hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozyme can enhance the infectivity of ToCV clones in Nicotiana benthamiana plants.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Shuling Wu, Wei Yi, Yuanjiao Gao, Wen Deng, Xiaoyue Bi, Yanjie Lin, Liu Yang, Yao Lu, Ruyu Liu, Min Chang, Ge Shen, Leiping Hu, Lu Zhang, Minghui Li, Yao Xie
Summary: Functional cure is considered achieved when chronic hepatitis B patients achieve HBsAg seroclearance after treatment. Clearing the virus is challenging due to the difficulty in clearing both cccDNA and integrated dslDNA. High levels of HBsAg in the serum lead to immune system failure, making it unable to produce an effective antiviral response. Only less than 1% of chronic hepatitis B patients are cured annually with antiviral treatment. Coinfection with other viruses such as HIV, HCV, and HDV makes it even more difficult to cure. However, it has been found that patients with coinfection have a higher probability of achieving HBsAg seroclearance, especially those with HBV/HIV coinfection with up to 36% 5-year seroclerance rate. This interesting phenomenon is related to the functional reconstruction of the immune system after antiretroviral therapy (ART).
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Haruki Komatsu, Ayano Inui, Enkhtaivan Odmaa, Yoshinori Ito, Hiroki Hoshino, Shuichiro Umetsu, Tomoyuki Tsunoda, Tomoo Fujisawa
Summary: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be detected in nails and hair, and nails may contain hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA, and HD antigen.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shivali S. Joshi, Matthew Sadler, Nishi H. Patel, Carla Osiowy, Kevin Fonseca, Carla S. Coffin
Summary: In HBV/HDV co-infected patients, those with HDV RNA+ showed weaker specific responses to HBV and HDV, associated with increased TNF-alpha+ monocytes regardless of IFN treatment.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Le Chang, Ying Yan, Huimin Ji, Huizhen Sun, Xinyi Jiang, Zhuoqun Lu, Lunan Wang
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of HDV infection among blood donors in China and found a low seroprevalence rate of HDV infection. The risk of HDV transmission through blood transfusion was also found to be low.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)