Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yurong Gu, Yanhua Bi, Huan Wei, Jing Li, Zexuan Huang, Chunhong Liao, Weixin Liao, Yuehua Huang
Summary: In patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), the expression levels of LAIR-1 on T cells decrease significantly, especially in the immune active group. The expression levels of LAIR-1 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are negatively associated with HBV load and liver inflammation and fibrosis parameters. LAIR-1 may play a crucial regulatory role in HBV-induced T cell immune pathogenesis and could be a potential therapeutic target for CHB.
Article
Oncology
Zhansheng Fang, Li Lin, Zewei Tu, Xingen Zhu, Jingying Li, Pengxiang Luo, Kai Huang, Lei Wu
Summary: This study investigated the expression and clinical significance of leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) in lower-grade glioma (LGG) using publicly available data sets. The results showed that high expression of LAIR-1 was associated with malignant clinicopathologic features and worse prognosis in LGG patients. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that LAIR-1 may participate in LGG development by regulating immune cell infiltration. Therefore, LAIR-1 could be a potential marker for predicting prognosis and a therapeutic target for modulating the anti-tumor immune response in LGG.
Article
Virology
Alok K. Tembhurne, Amita Maheshwari, Himangi Warke, Hemangi Chaudhari, Shilpa C. Kerkar, Kedar Deodhar, Bharat Rekhi, Jayanti Mania-Pramanik
Summary: This study investigates the role of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) in cervical cancer among Indian women. The findings suggest that KIR2DS5, the C4T4 subset, and activating KIR genes are susceptible factors or positively associated with cervical cancer. Additionally, KIR2DL5B may have a protective association against cervical cancer, while KIR2DL1 and KIR2DL3 frequencies have important implications in healthy controls and HPV-infected women, respectively.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Calvin D. De Louche, Ali Roghanian
Summary: In recent decades, immunotherapeutic strategies have been used to treat a wide range of previously incurable pathologies, but a considerable number of patients do not respond or develop resistance to current immunotherapies. Therefore, developing the next generation of immune-targeted therapies is urgently needed. Human LILRBs play important roles in regulating immune functions, and blocking these inhibitory receptors can enhance immune responses.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Reham Hammad, Reda Badr Aglan, Shaymaa A. Mohammed, Eman Abu-elnasr Awad, Marwa A. Elsaid, Hanan M. Bedair, Seham K. Khirala, Mohamed A. Selim, Asmaa A. Abo Elqasem, Areej Rushdi, Mohamed Ali, Omaima Abo-Elkheir, Eman F. Sanad, Nadia M. Hamdy
Summary: This study found that the progression of virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with liver inflammation. The expression level and inhibitory checkpoint receptor LAIR-1 on cytotoxic T cells are related to the progression of liver cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma, and can serve as a noninvasive biomarker for predicting patient prognosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Manuela Marchiano, Erika Iervasi, Giampaola Pesce, Margarita Rumbullaku, Caterina Foti, Ruggiero Fumarulo, Aurora Parodi, Marcello Bagnasco, Marilina Tampoia, Daniele Saverino
Summary: This study evaluated circulating LAIRs in patients with different blistering skin diseases by ELISA. The results showed a significant increase of serum LAIR-2, and to a lesser extent of sLAIR-1 (except for Pemphigus vulgaris), in the whole group of patients with bullous diseases compared to healthy controls.
Article
Immunology
Xin Zhang, Yi Li, Xinyu Han, Yiyun Xu, Haili Wang, Tianye Wang, Tiejun Zhang
Summary: This study identified several variants of human leukocyte antigen (HLA-I) and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) associated with KSHV infection. It highlighted the role of KSHV-susceptible HLA-I variants and KSHV replication caused by specific KIR genotype, and revealed the potential mechanism of KIR-mediated natural killer cell activation in anti-KSHV infection.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Qian-Qian Wang, Lei Zhou, Geng Qin, Chang Tan, Yuan-Chen Zhou, Shu-Kun Yao
Summary: LILRB2 expression is significantly associated with advanced stage and poor prognosis in CRC, making it a potential therapeutic target and noninvasive screening biomarker for the disease.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nina M. van Sorge, Daniel A. Bonsor, Liwen Deng, Erik Lindahl, Verena Schmitt, Mykola Lyndin, Alexej Schmidt, Olof R. Nilsson, Jaime Brizuela, Elena Boero, Eric J. Sundberg, Jos A. G. van Strijp, Kelly S. Doran, Bernhard B. Singer, Gunnar Lindahl, Alex J. McCarthy
Summary: Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a major cause of neonatal sepsis in humans. In a recent study, it was found that the surface-expressed beta protein of GBS binds to human CEACAM1 and CEACAM5 receptors, with the crystal structure revealing a novel IgI3 fold. This discovery suggests a potentially widely applicable mechanism for bacteria to target CEACAMs.
Article
Immunology
Stine Sofie Frank Lende, Marie Host Pahus, Ida Monrad, Rikke Olesen, Anna R. Mahr, Line K. Vibholm, Lars Ostergaard, Ole Schmeltz Sogaard, Anna Halling Folkmar Andersen, Paul W. Denton, Martin Tolstrup
Summary: This study investigates the potential of CD169 expression on monocytes as a biomarker for innate immunity activation in cancer and viral infection treatment. Through ex vivo experiments, animal models, and clinical trials, the researchers found that an increase in the percentage of CD169 positive monocytes is a reliable biomarker for immune activation following TLR9 agonist treatment.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Lisanne Storm, Jesse Bruijnesteijn, Natasja G. de Groot, Ronald E. Bontrop
Summary: The genes of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LILR) family, located on chromosome 19 in the leukocyte receptor complex (LRC), play a significant role in immune responses. While the organization of the LILR region remained largely conserved during primate evolution, the common marmoset species exhibits a substantial contraction in the number of LILR genes. This genomic analysis also reveals differences in the number of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene copies between human and non-human primate species.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yanyu Hu, Xin Lu, Weimin Qiu, Hui Liu, Qinghua Wang, Yao Chen, Wenyuan Liu, Feng Feng, Haopeng Sun
Summary: Leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (LILRs) are a group of receptors that can be divided into inhibitory and stimulatory subpopulations. They mainly exist in immune cells and regulate immune responses, and are involved in the malignancy progression of certain tumors. Among them, LILRB2 is the most studied. Studying the biological functions of LILRs in various diseases can provide more information for the treatment of these diseases and have clinical significance.
CURRENT DRUG TARGETS
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Mengru Liu, Yundi Tang, Yan Du, Jing Zhang, Fanlei Hu, Yundong Zou, Yingni Li, Lei Zhu, Jing He, Jianping Guo, Zhanguo Li
Summary: This study reveals that soluble LILRA3 is a novel proinflammatory mediator in synovial inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis. It promotes activation, migration, and invasion of rheumatoid arthritis-related cells, possibly through the ERK/JNK signaling pathways.
Article
Ophthalmology
Yun-Xia Liu, Nan Guo, Ming-Hua Xu, Gui-Fang Ren
Summary: This study suggests that KIR genes and HLA-C alleles may be associated with HLA-B27-associated acute anterior uveitis (B27AAU) and idiopathic AAU (IAAU).
OCULAR IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manuel Muro, Isabel Legaz
Summary: HLA compatibility, viral infections, and HLA-C/KIR combinations are all related to liver transplant rejection and survival. Presence of DSAs in the recipient may lead to increased risk of acute and chronic rejection, faster graft fibrosis, biliary problems, poorer survival, and even de novo autoimmune hepatitis. High-risk patients with preformed DSAs and higher MFI values should be considered for selecting the graft placed and desensitization methods. In cases of combined kidney-liver transplant, DSAs resistant to treatment may result in antibody-mediated rejection and loss of the renal graft.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
