Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shahryar Noei, Ioannis S. Zouridis, Nikos K. Logothetis, Stefano Panzeri, Nelson K. Totah
Summary: The noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) plays a crucial role in controlling brain and behavioral states. It has been found that different ensembles of spontaneously coactive LC neurons could lead to diverse cortical states, with some showing high-frequency power increase and others showing decreased high-frequency power.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Siddhartha Joshi
Summary: In addition to norepinephrine and acetylcholine, serotonin is found to be associated with pupil dilation during goal-directed behavior.
Article
Biology
Juan Carlos Cerpa, Alessandro Piccin, Margot Dehove, Marina Lavigne, Eric J. Kremer, Mathieu Wolff, Shauna L. Parkes, Etienne Coutureau
Summary: Organisms need to track the relationship between actions and consequences in order to make decisions, which relies on circuits in the brain. There is functional heterogeneity within certain areas of the brain in rodents. Neuromodulatory agents play a crucial role in prefrontal functions and behavioral flexibility.
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Juan Facundo Morici, Gabrielle Girardeau
Summary: A new study reveals that infra-slow cortical norepinephrine oscillations play a crucial role in shaping the micro-structure of sleep and transitions between wakefulness, micro-arousals, and REM sleep. Furthermore, prolonged descending phases of these oscillations enhance the occurrence of spindle-rich intermediate sleep, which is involved in memory consolidation.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
F. Krohn, E. Lancini, M. Ludwig, M. Leiman, G. Guruprasath, L. Haag, J. Panczyszyn, E. Duezel, D. Haemmerer, M. Betts
Summary: The locus coeruleus (LC), a small structure in the brainstem, is the main source of noradrenaline (NA) in the brain. It modulates cognition, autonomic functions, and the brain's immune response. Degeneration of the LC may contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Understanding early LC degeneration could provide insights into the mechanisms of these neurodegenerative diseases.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jochem van Kempen, Marc A. Gieselmann, Michael Boyd, Nicholas A. Steinmetz, Tirin Moore, Tatiana A. Engel, Alexander Thiele
Summary: Fluctuations in cortical excitability affect sensory processing and behavior. These fluctuations are coordinated across different brain areas, with top-down attention enhancing this coordination. The degree of local state coordination between different areas can predict behavioral performance.
Article
Biology
Thomas Pfeffer, Christian Keitel, Daniel S. Kluger, Anne Keitel, Alena Russmann, Gregor Thut, Tobias H. Donner, Joachim Gross, Ole Jensen
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive explanation of the relationship between arousal and neuronal population activity in the human brain, revealing a higher specificity of arousal effects on different components of neural activity and across cortical regions. The study also identifies a cascade of effects relative to the timing of spontaneous pupil dilations, suggesting a temporal relationship between arousal and cortical activity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vincent Breton-Provencher, Gabrielle T. Drummond, Jiesi Feng, Yulong Li, Mriganka Sur
Summary: Noradrenaline released from the locus coeruleus (LC) affects arousal, action, and learning. Activation of noradrenaline-expressing neurons in the LC promotes task execution and reinforcement. Different noradrenaline signals are distributed differently in the cortical regions, with some signals facilitating task execution and others improving response sensitivity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lindsay Collins, Laura Boddington, Paul J. Steffan, David McCormick
Summary: Through mouse models, it has been discovered that VNS can modulate cortical state by activating neuromodulatory systems, leading to widespread neuronal activation and arousal responses.
Article
Neurosciences
Herminio M. Guajardo, Rita J. Valentino
Summary: The study demonstrates that decreased MOR function in the female rat locus coeruleus results in diminished effects on cortical activity, potentially explaining sex differences in cognitive consequences.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Michael E. Reitman, Vincent Tse, Xuelong Mi, Drew D. Willoughby, Alba Peinado, Alexander Aivazidis, Bat-Erdene Myagmar, Paul C. Simpson, Omer A. Bayraktar, Guoqiang Yu, Kira E. Poskanzer
Summary: The authors demonstrate that norepinephrine signaling to astrocytes in the mouse visual cortex acts as a separate neuromodulatory pathway that regulates the effects of arousal on neuronal activity and cortical state. Astrocytes signal when arousal-driven neuronal activity is reduced and bi-hemispheric cortical synchrony is increased. Astrocyte-specific deletion of Adra1a enhances arousal-driven neuronal activity, while impairing arousal-related cortical synchrony.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
M. L. Shawn Bates, Jay R. Arner, Andre L. Curtis, Rita Valentino, Seema Bhatnagar
Summary: The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system, which regulates prefrontal cortical networks, shows sex differences in response to stress, mediated by corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). The effects of CRF on network activity differ qualitatively between male and female rats in terms of dose, region, and timecourse.
Article
Biology
Siddhartha Joshi, Joshua Gold
Summary: In awake monkeys, activation of the locus coeruleus (LC) results in changes in coordinated activity patterns in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). These changes are independent of firing rates of individual ACC neurons and depend on the type of LC activation and arousal state.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaocen Fan, Jiachen Song, Chaonan Ma, Yanbo Lv, Feifei Wang, Lan Ma, Xing Liu
Summary: This study found that increased norepinephrine release from the locus coeruleus to the medial prefrontal cortex during contextual fear conditioning is crucial for memory tagging and remote memory storage. It is regulated by the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey and can be promoted by activating beta1-adrenergic receptor signaling in juvenile mice.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
William L. Schuerman, Kirill Nourski, Ariane E. Rhone, Matthew A. Howard, Edward F. Chang, Matthew K. Leonard
Summary: Vagus nerve stimulation is increasingly used to treat various diseases and disorders, but the acute effects on human cortical neurophysiology are not fully understood. Research shows that VNS causes subtle changes in neural activity across broad cortical networks, which can vary significantly depending on stimulation parameters and modalities among individuals.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Conrad C. Y. Lee, Colin W. G. Clifford, Ehsan Aralmadeh
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Yadollah Ranjbar-Slamloo, Ehsan Arabzadeh
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew F. Tang, Lucy Ford, Ehsan Arabzadeh, James T. Enns, Troy A. W. Visser, Jason B. Mattingley
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Review
Neurosciences
Yadollah Ranjbar-Slamloo, Zeinab Fazlali
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Saba Gharaei, Suraj Honnuraiah, Ehsan Arabzadeh, Greg J. Stuart
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Ehsan Kheradpezhouh, Matthew F. Tang, Jason B. Mattingley, Ehsan Arabzadeh
Article
Cell Biology
Conrad C. Y. Lee, Ehsan Kheradpezhouh, Mathew E. Diamond, Ehsan Arabzadeh
Article
Neurosciences
Mansoureh Sabzalizadeh, Mohammad Reza Afarinesh, Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani, Alireza Farsinejad, Ali Derakhshani, Ehsan Arabzadeh, Vahid Sheibani
Summary: The study investigated the effects of stem cell transplantation in the damaged somatosensory barrel cortex of rats and found that the therapy significantly improved sensory discrimination ability. The expression of neuronal markers was higher in the DPSCs group compared to the control group, while GFAP level was lower in the DPSCs group.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Noorya Yasmin Ahmed, Yadollah Ranjbar-Slamloo, Alice Shaam Al Abed, Lingxiao Gao, Yovina Sontani, Alexandre RCom-H'Cheo-Gauthier, Ehsan Arabzadeh, Nathalie Dehorter
Summary: This study reveals that Er81 is expressed in CINs and its specific ablation leads to prominent changes in their molecular, morphologic, and electrophysiological features, particularly amplifying intrinsic delayed-rectifier and hyperpolarization-activated currents. The expression of Er81 is crucial for normal CIN pause and time-locked responses to sensorimotor inputs in awake mice.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Sepideh Ghazvineh, Morteza Salimi, Milad Nazari, Mani Garousi, Farhad Tabasi, Kolsoum Dehdar, Alireza Salimi, Hamidreza Jamaati, Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh, Ehsan Arabzadeh, Mohammad Reza Raoufy
Summary: The study suggests that reintroducing nasal airflow during mechanical ventilation can significantly improve working memory performance in rats. Air-puffs induced enhanced oscillatory activity in specific brain regions, leading to better cognitive outcomes. This non-invasive brain stimulation approach shows promise in alleviating neurological complications caused by prolonged mechanical ventilation.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Cong Wang, Teri M. Furlong, Peter G. Stratton, Conrad C. Y. Lee, Li Xu, Sam Merlin, Chris Nolan, Ehsan Arabzadeh, Roger Marek, Pankaj Sah
Summary: During recognition memory, coupled theta activity between the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex plays a key role in novelty discrimination, with monosynaptic connections identified as crucial for guiding behavior based on recognition memory.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Mehdi Adibi, Ilan Lampl
Summary: In the natural environment, organisms constantly adapt to sensory input through neuronal adaptation, which occurs at different processing stages from periphery to cortex. Sensory adaptation plays a crucial role in reducing noise, improving neural coding efficiency, and conserving energy.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew F. Tang, Ehsan Kheradpezhouh, Conrad C. Y. Lee, J. Edwin Dickinson, Jason B. Mattingley, Ehsan Arabzadeh
Summary: The response of cortical neurons to sensory stimuli is influenced by past events and expectation of future events. In this study, researchers investigated how expectation affects orientation selectivity in the primary visual cortex of male mice. They found that neurons enhanced their response to unexpected stimuli, both in awake and anaesthetized mice. A computational model was used to show that trial-to-trial variability in neuronal responses was best characterized when adaptation and expectation effects were combined.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ehsan Kheradpezhouh, Wricha Mishra, Ehsan Arabzadeh
Summary: This protocol allows for simultaneous recording and labeling of single cortical neurons in vivo under local application of a chemical, providing a useful tool to investigate the impact of chemicals on sensory information processing by cortical neurons. Juxtacellular labeling helps identify the cell type and morphology of recorded neurons, demonstrating pharmacological modulations in encoding of sensory stimuli. For full details, refer to Kheradpezhouh et al. (2020).