Review
Environmental Sciences
Nasr E. Nasr, Kadry M. Sadek
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is a global disease with various complications. The gut may release a pancreatic stimulant in response to nutritional ingestion. Researchers have been exploring the use of incretins to treat diabetes.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Luting Wu, Min Zhou, Yingquan Xie, Hedong Lang, Tianyou Li, Long Yi, Qianyong Zhang, Mantian Mi
Summary: The study found that exercise training can increase endogenous GLP-1 levels and is associated with the gut-microbiota-SCFAs axis. Furthermore, supplementation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) has a synergistic effect with exercise, increasing GLP-1 levels by stimulating cAMP and inhibiting DPP-4.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomohiro Komatsu, Satomi Abe, Shihoko Nakashima, Kei Sasaki, Yasuki Higaki, Keijiro Saku, Shin-ichiro Miura, Yoshinari Uehara
Summary: Sitagliptin phosphate, a DPP-4 inhibitor, increases cholesterol efflux from foam cells and may have anti-atherosclerotic effects independent of glucose metabolism improvements.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dawood Khan, Opeolu O. Ojo, Orla R. M. Woodward, Jo Edward Lewis, Ananyaa Sridhar, Fiona M. Gribble, Frank Reimann, Peter R. Flatt, R. Charlotte Moffett
Summary: This study evaluated the role of glucose-dependent-insulinotropic-polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) in reproductive function. The results showed that deletion of GIPR and GLP-1R genes led to reproductive dysfunction and reduced fertility in mice.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Federico Bernardini, Annunziata Nusca, Federica Coletti, Ylenia La Porta, Mariagrazia Piscione, Francesca Vespasiano, Fabio Mangiacapra, Elisabetta Ricottini, Rosetta Melfi, Ilaria Cavallari, Gian Paolo Ussia, Francesco Grigioni
Summary: Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death worldwide, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors have been shown to have a protective role in the cardiovascular system beyond their glycemic control. Multiple cardiovascular outcome trials have reported a significant reduction in cardiovascular events with the use of these agents in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, recent evidence highlights their favorable benefit/risk profile in myocardial infarction and percutaneous coronary revascularization settings.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Duyi Samyor, Danielle Calderwood, Manus Carey, Amit B. Das, Brian D. Green, Sankar C. Deka
Summary: This study assessed the effects of pigmented and non-pigmented rice, as well as an extruded food product, on DPP-4 inhibition and GLP-1 secretion. The results showed that the ethanol/water extract of rice bran had the highest DPP-4 inhibitory activity, while the extruded products stimulated GLP-1 secretion mostly through n-hexane or ethanol extraction. The extruded food items also had a lower arsenic content.
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jelena Vekic, Aleksandra Zeljkovic, Khalid Al Rasadi, Mustafa Cesur, Jose Silva-Nunes, Anca Pantea Stoian, Manfredi Rizzo
Summary: The presence of residual cardiovascular disease risk is a dilemma in clinical practice and the use of novel lipoprotein biomarkers may improve outcomes for high-risk patients. The effects of innovative anti-diabetic therapies on atherogenic lipoproteins and their role in cardiovascular benefit need further research. This article discusses the clinical importance of novel lipid biomarkers for managing residual cardiovascular risk.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zheer Kejlberg Al-Mashhadi, Rikke Viggers, Rasmus Fuglsang-Nielsen, Peter Vestergaard, Soren Gregersen, Jakob Starup-Linde
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated the risk of major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) associated with the use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The results showed that there was no significant difference in the risk of MOF between treatment with GLP-1RA and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4i). Therefore, GLP-1RA was considered to be safe in terms of fracture risk.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomislav Bulum
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of chronic kidney disease, with around 30-40% of diabetes patients developing kidney disease. Incretin hormones, such as GLP-1 and GIP, have not only been used as pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes treatment, but also have positive effects on cardiovascular and renal function. Dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonists, like tirzepatide, have shown superior efficacy in reducing A1c and body weight compared to GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide, and initial results suggest potential kidney benefits in adults with type 2 diabetes and increased cardiovascular risk.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Magdalena Zlotek, Antonina Kurowska, Mariola Herbet, Iwona Piatkowska-Chmiel
Summary: This review comprehensively assesses the potential therapeutic applications of new-generation anti-diabetic drugs in the context of Alzheimer's disease, highlighting the well-documented correlation and shared mechanisms between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ting-Ting Huang, Pan-Pan Gu, Ting Zheng, Ling-Shan Gou, Yao-Wu Liu
Summary: The study found that piperine could promote GLP-1 secretion in Caco-2 cells through the activation of TAS2R14 signaling, suggesting TAS2R14 as a potential target for alleviating metabolic diseases.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ashwani Sharma, Tarun Virmani, Anjali Sharma, Vaishnavi Chhabra, Girish Kumar, Kamla Pathak, Abdulsalam Alhalmi
Summary: Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is an enzyme with various properties and physiological roles. Up-regulation of hepatic DPP-4 expression may be the cause of glucose intolerance in individuals with liver conditions. This review focuses on the cleavage of alanine or proline-containing peptides by DPP-4 and its implications in glucose intolerance and liver diseases.
DIABETES METABOLIC SYNDROME AND OBESITY-TARGETS AND THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Mingkai Zhang, Ling Zhu, Hui Zhang, Xingguo Wang, Gangcheng Wu, Xiguang Qi
Summary: Currently, there is no suitable cell model to evaluate the insulinotropic effects of DPP-4 inhibitory peptides (DPP-4IPs) mediated by active GLP-1. This study used a 2D and dual-layered coculture cell model to investigate the transepithelial transport of IPYWTY and its in situ insulinotropic effects. The results showed that IPYWTY was absorbed intact and degraded during transportation, while indirectly increasing insulin levels through the stimulation of active GLP-1 secretion and DPP-4 inhibition in the coculture cell model.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Louise Fritsche, Martin Heni, Sabine S. Eckstein, Julia Hummel, Anette Schurmann, Hans-Ulrich Haring, Hubert Preissl, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Andreas Peter, Andreas Fritsche, Robert Wagner
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the incretin response during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in pregnant women. The results showed that insulin secretion was lower in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the increase in GLP-1 was only associated with insulin secretion in GDM women. Additionally, postprandial GLP-1 levels were negatively associated with birth weight.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kunika Saini, Smriti Sharma, Yousuf Khan
Summary: DPP-4 inhibition is a promising therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) that promotes the incretin effect. This review discusses the modes of action, clinical efficiency, safety profiles, and future directions of DPP-4 inhibitors, including their potential application in managing COVID-19 patients. The authors conclude that DPP-4 inhibitors are justified due to their ability to control blood glucose levels and manage diabetes-related risk factors.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2023)
Letter
Rheumatology
Jixin Zhong, Lingli Dong
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Rongfen Gao, Jungen Tang, Yuanji Dong, Bingxia Ming, Zhihua Yu, Jixin Zhong, Lingli Dong
Summary: This study preliminarily addressed the levels of DCN and its potential roles in pSS. The results showed a significant elevation of DCN in the salivary glands of ESS mice model and pSS patients. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that DCN levels in the parotid glands of pSS patients positively correlated with several chemokines, IL1-beta, and caspase3, but negatively correlated with the proliferation relative gene MKI67. Furthermore, DCN was found to induce apoptosis in salivary gland epithelial cells and polarization of macrophages towards the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype.
MODERN RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Rheumatology
Zhiqian Bai, Chuanyu Hu, Jixin Zhong, Lingli Dong
Summary: This study systematically investigated the prevalence and risk factors of monoclonal gammopathy (MG) in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease (AIIRD). The results showed that the prevalence of MG was higher in AIIRD patients, especially in those with Sjogren's syndrome. Older age, higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and higher serum gammaglobulins level were identified as risk factors for MG in AIIRD patients.
MODERN RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Bingxia Ming, Ma Bai, Shaozhe Cai, Bei Wang, Jixin Zhong, Lingli Dong
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the clinical features and potential risk factors associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA positivity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. The results showed a significantly higher incidence of EBV DNA positivity in both treatment-naive and previously treated SLE patients compared to controls. EBV DNA-positive patients had different characteristics and biochemical markers compared to EBV DNA-negative patients. The multivariate analysis identified older age, higher IgG level, and longer immunosuppressive duration as associated risk factors for EBV DNA positivity in SLE patients, while higher TNF-alpha level was found to be a protective factor.
CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Cai-Ling Chen, Jin Ma, Ruo-Yu Lu, Yu -Ting Wang, Jie-Fang Zhao, Yi-Fan Kang, Jun-Jian Hu, Nan Wang, Jia Song, Jixin Zhong, Chen Chen, Heng Wang, Zheng Liu
Summary: Glucose concentrations are increased in nasal secretions in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), promoting glucose uptake and predominant glycolysis in epithelial cells, augmenting the proinflammatory function of epithelial cells in CRS.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Shaozhe Cai, Ziwei Hu, Yu Chen, Yuxue Chen, Bingxia Ming, Rongfen Gao, Zhen Li, Cong Ye, Jixin Zhong, Lingli Dong
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoquan Rao, Michael Razavi, Georgeta Mihai, Yingying Wei, Zachary Braunstein, Matthew B. Frieman, Xiao Jian Sun, Quan Gong, Jun Chen, Gang Zhao, Zheng Liu, Michael J. Quon, Lingli Dong, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Jixin Zhong
Summary: This study reveals that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a novel regulator of T-cell motility in atherosclerosis. Increased expression of DPP4 is observed in CD4(+) T cells of atherosclerotic patients. Lack of DPP4 in hematopoietic cells or T cells reduces T-cell infiltration and atherosclerotic plaque volume in mouse models. Mechanistically, DPP4 deficiency suppresses the expression of microtubule associated protein midline-1 (Mid1) in T cells, leading to reduced T-cell motility. Restoration of Mid1 largely restores the migratory ability of Dpp4(-/-) T cells.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ying-zi Zhu, Ji-xin Zhong, Ling-li Dong
Summary: This study aimed to examine the menstrual and reproductive characteristics of pSS patients. The results showed that the spontaneous abortion rate of pSS patients was similar to the general population, but early menopause seemed to be more common in pSS patients. Patients with premenopausal or postmenopausal onset had different risks in terms of pulmonary involvement and laboratory manifestations. It was also found that the rate of abnormal pregnancy was significantly higher in patients with premenopausal onset.
CURRENT MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Qingmei Li, Aihua Mei, Hang Qian, Xinwen Min, Handong Yang, Jixin Zhong, Chunlei Li, Hao Xu, Jun Chen
Summary: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a diverse population of cells found in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and tumor tissue. They play a crucial role in inhibiting the surveillance function of immune cells, leading to tumor cell escape, tumor development, and metastasis. Recent studies have also shown that MDSCs have therapeutic potential in autoimmune disorders and contribute to the formation and progression of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndrome, and hypertension. This review discusses the role of MDSCs in the pathogenesis and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Rheumatology
Bingxia Ming, Yaowu Zhu, Jixin Zhong, Lingli Dong
Summary: Significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of SS, but effective treatments are still needed. Autoimmune lymphocytic infiltration is associated with glandular and extraglandular dysfunction in SS, affecting the epithelial structures of organs. Treg cells, a subset of CD4(+) T lymphocytes, play a role in inhibiting inflammation, immune response, and promoting tissue repair. The dysfunction of Treg cells in SS pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies targeting Treg cells are discussed in this review.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Siyi Yu, Hang Qian, Dawei Tian, Mingming Yang, Dongfeng Li, Hao Xu, Jishun Chen, Jingning Yang, Xincai Hao, Zhixin Liu, Jixin Zhong, Handong Yang, Xinlong Chen, Xinwen Min, Jun Chen
Summary: The study investigated the effects of Linggui Zhugan Decoction on mitochondrial and oxidative damage in rats with chronic heart failure after myocardial infarction and the related mechanisms. The results showed that Linggui Zhugan Decoction can improve cardiac function in heart failure rats by enhancing myocardial antioxidant capacity and protecting mitochondrial function, possibly through the activation of the SIRT1/AMPK/PGC-1a signaling pathway.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jixin Zhong, Gang Zhao, Sabrina Edwards, Joanne Tran, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Xiaoquan Rao
Summary: This study investigates the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in PM2.5 exposure-induced insulin resistance and explores the underlying mechanisms. The results show that PM2.5 exposure exacerbates insulin resistance and increases IL-1 beta production, and NLRP3 inflammasome plays a critical role in this process.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Yingying Wei, Zachary Braunstein, Jun Chen, Xinwen Min, Handong Yang, Lihua Duan, Lingli Dong, Jixin Zhong
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease mediated by T cells, but the exact signaling pathways involved in effector T cells in MS are not well understood. This study investigated the role of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and its potential as a therapeutic target in MS. The results showed that knockout of JAK2 in T cells prevented the development of MS in mice. In vitro experiments also demonstrated that JAK2 disruption suppressed the differentiation of TH1 cells and the production of IFN gamma. These findings suggest that overactive JAK2 signaling in T lymphocytes plays a critical role in MS and could be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Mingming Yang, Haiyan Wu, Hang Qian, Dongfeng Li, Hao Xu, Jishun Chen, Jixin Zhong, Wenwen Wu, Handong Yang, Xinlong Chen, Xinwen Min, Jun Chen
Summary: This study investigated the effect of Linggui Zhugan decoction on the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in rat myocardium, and examined the mechanism by which it improves ventricular remodeling in rats with heart failure. The results showed that Linggui Zhugan decoction inhibits the expression of key proteins in the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, delays cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis, and improves cardiac function.
Article
Immunology
Yuanji Dong, Rongfen Gao, Kailin He, Jixin Zhong, Lingli Dong
Summary: This study investigated the role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in a mouse model of CpG-induced MAS. The results showed a decrease in IL-33 levels in the liver and spleen tissues of MAS mice, while ST2 expression tended to increase. IL-33 and ST2 knockout mice had similar pathological and cellular levels compared to wild-type mice after MAS induction.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
