Journal
VIRUSES-BASEL
Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v8040102
Keywords
host shutoff; herpesviruses; influenza A virus; Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus; herpes simplex virus; RNA degradation; transcription block
Categories
Funding
- Lifespan/Tufts/Brown Center for AIDS Research, NIH [P30AI042853]
- Tufts University Post-Baccalaureate Research Education Program, NIH [R25 GM066567]
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The ability to shut off host gene expression is a shared feature of many viral infections, and it is thought to promote viral replication by freeing host cell machinery and blocking immune responses. Despite the molecular differences between viruses, an emerging theme in the study of host shutoff is that divergent viruses use similar mechanisms to enact host shutoff. Moreover, even viruses that encode few proteins often have multiple mechanisms to affect host gene expression, and we are only starting to understand how these mechanisms are integrated. In this review we discuss the multiplicity of host shutoff mechanisms used by the orthomyxovirus influenza A virus and members of the alpha- and gamma-herpesvirus subfamilies. We highlight the surprising similarities in their mechanisms of host shutoff and discuss how the different mechanisms they use may play a coordinated role in gene regulation.
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