Journal
WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 32, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2024-5
Keywords
Endophytic Bacillus subtilis; Apple Valsa Canker (AVC); Biocontrol agents (BCAs); Antifungal substances
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Funding
- Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest [201203034]
- Science and Technology Innovation Research of Shaanxi [2011KTZB02-02-02]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31101476]
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In order to identify the antagonistic substances produced by Bacillus subtilis E1R-J as candidate of biocontrol agents for controlling Apple Valsa Canker, hydrochloric acid precipitation, reverse phase chromatography, gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography were used. The purified fraction EP-2 showed a single band in native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native-PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Fraction EP-2 was eluted from native-PAGE and showed a clear inhibition zone against V. mali 03-8. These results prove that EP-2 is one of the most important antifungal substances produced by B. subtilis E1R-J in fermentation broth. SDS-PAGE and Nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis results demonstrated that EP-2 was likely an antifungal peptide (trA0A086WXP9), with a relative molecular mass of 12.44 kDa and isoelectric point of 9.94. The examination of antagonistic mechanism under SEM and TEM showed that EP-2 appeared to inhibit Valsa mali 03-8 by causing hyphal swelling, distortion, abnormality and protoplasts extravasation. Inhibition spectrum results showed that antifungal protein EP-2 had significantly inhibition on sixteen kinds of plant pathogenic fungi. The stability test results showed that protein EP-2 was stable with antifungal activity at temperatures as high as 100 degrees C for 30 min and in pH values ranging from 1.0 to 8.0, or incubated with each 5 mM Cu2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, or K+. However, the antifungal activity was negatively affected by Proteinase K treatment.
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