Review
Immunology
Yujing Fan, Yunpeng Li, Yanjie Chu, Jing Liu, Lin Cui, Dekai Zhang
Summary: Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of mortality in clinics, and with increasing alcohol consumption and obesity in current lifestyles, the situation may worsen. Correction of intestinal flora imbalance and targeting TLRs could provide novel and promising strategies for the treatment of liver cirrhosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ling Wei, Xue-Sen Wen, Cory J. Xian
Summary: Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis is a painful condition that affects a significant number of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Recent research has highlighted the relationship between dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota and mucositis, showing that chemotherapy can shape the microbiota and worsen mucositis through TLR signaling pathways. This review aims to explore how gut microbiota affects the pathogenesis of mucositis and provide potential new strategies for treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jiaxin Zhang, Xiaobin Zao, Jiaying Zhang, Ziwei Guo, Qian Jin, Guang Chen, Da 'nan Gan, Hongbo Du, Yong 'an Ye
Summary: Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease characterized by fibrosis, pseudolobules, and regenerated nodules. Once hepatic decompensation occurs, reversing the impaired liver function becomes almost impossible. The development of cirrhosis is related to the intestinal microbiota and toll-like receptors pathways, which play a role in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, hep-atomitogen epiregulin expression, and liver inflammation. This paper reviews the changes in intestinal microbiota and toll-like receptors during cirrhosis progression and discusses potential therapeutic targets for reversing early-stage cirrhosis.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
J. H. Lipinski, X. Zhou, S. J. Gurczynski, J. R. Erb-Downward, R. P. Dickson, G. B. Huffnagle, B. B. Moore, D. N. O'Dwyer
Summary: The study found that mice with the same genotype exhibited limited changes in gut microbiota composition when cohoused, while mice randomly assigned to cages showed extensive microbiota changes. This suggests that the environment plays a significant role in shaping the gut microbiota composition independent of innate immunity factors.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jia An, Yuqing Liu, Yiqi Wang, Ru Fan, Xiaorong Hu, Fen Zhang, Jinhua Yang, Junwei Chen
Summary: Autoimmune diseases involve multiple tissues and organs, and the specific pathogenesis is not fully understood. The impaired intestinal mucosal barrier can disrupt immune homeostasis and trigger inflammation. However, the mechanisms by which the intestinal mucosal barrier regulates immune homeostasis and inflammation are not clear.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Awad Mahalhal, Alessandra Frau, Michael D. Burkitt, Umer Z. Ijaz, Christopher A. Lamb, John C. Mansfield, Stephen Lewis, D. Mark Pritchard, Chris S. Probert
Summary: This study demonstrates differential and unique influences of ferric maltol and ferrous sulphate supplements on intestinal microbiota. FS treatment led to an increase in five genera, but FM was not associated with any measurable change. The severity of DSS-induced colitis was greater with FSS than FMS.
Article
Physiology
Jay H. Lipinski, Nicole R. Falkowski, Gary B. Huffnagle, John R. Erb-Downward, Robert P. Dickson, Beth B. Moore, David N. O'Dwyer
Summary: The absence of toll-like receptors results in altered lung microbiota with changes in community composition, reduced diversity, and bacterial burden. Co-housing wild-type mice with toll-like receptor-deficient mice for 3 weeks did not significantly affect the composition of the lung microbiome. Toll-like receptor signaling plays a role in shaping lung microbiota.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Malavikalakshmi Attur, Jose U. Scher, Steven B. Abramson, Mukundan Attur
Summary: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic immune-mediated disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. There are significant differences in gut microbiota composition between patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls. Environmental factors, diet, and nutrition changes are believed to contribute to the development of dysbiosis. Future research direction focuses on developing microbiome manipulation therapeutics for managing rheumatoid arthritis.
Review
Immunology
Yingchi Zhang, Jia Liu, Changlun Wang, Junxian Liu, Wei Lu
Summary: Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms can increase the risk of autoimmune diseases, and studying these variations can expand our understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Monika Niewiem, Urszula Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk
Summary: The role of intestinal permeability in food allergies is crucial, as it affects the immune system and the integrity of the epithelial barrier. However, the understanding of this process is still limited, and further research is needed to explore relevant indicators.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Shaosan Zhang, Taotao Zhao, Yu Wang, Jiahui Mi, Jie Liu, Xinyu Fan, Ruiyan Niu, Zilong Sun
Summary: In this study, it was found that both intestinal inflammation and microbial dysbiosis were present in patients with fluorosis. The research suggests that the development of colonic inflammation may be more directly influenced by microbial disorders rather than fluoride exposure. Fecal microbiota transplantation and supplementation of short-chain fatty acids were found to alleviate colonic inflammation in fluoride-exposed mice by regulating the TLR/NF-κB pathway.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shaodong Wei, Martin Iain Bahl, Simon Mark Dahl Baunwall, Christian Lodberg Hvas, Tine Rask Licht
Summary: This paper lists various types of dysbiosis indexes identified in the literature, introduces their methodology, categorizes them, and discusses their potential descriptive and clinical applications as well as their limitations. The focus is on the methodological approaches available to determine and quantify the dysbiosis condition, rather than on the implications of dysbiosis for disease.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Jennifer A. Munley, Stacey L. Kirkpatrick, Gwendolyn S. Gillies, Letitia E. Bible, Philip A. Efron, Ravinder Nagpal, Alicia M. Mohr
Summary: The intestinal microbiome is crucial for immune function and homeostasis in the host. Studies on patients and models of traumatic injuries have shown that trauma leads to dysregulation of immune function, systemic inflammation, and alterations in gut microbiome diversity and composition, possibly transitioning to a pathobiome state. Sex has also been identified as a variable influencing microbiome alterations after trauma. Therapies such as fecal transplantation have been used to mitigate these changes and aid in post-injury recovery.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Xiubin Liang, Mohamad Bouhamdan, Xia Hou, Kezhong Zhang, Jun Song, Ke Hao, Jian-Ping Jin, Zhongyang Zhang, Jie Xu
Summary: The study identified a new CF animal model that exhibits intestinal dysbiosis phenotype, which may facilitate research and development of novel treatments for CF-associated gastrointestinal diseases. The fecal microbiomes of CF rabbits showed lower richness and diversity compared to wild-type rabbits, indicating significant taxonomic and functional dysbiosis.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Walaa K. Mousa, Fadia Chehadeh, Shannon Husband
Summary: The interaction between gut microbes and the immune system plays a crucial role in the development and treatment of systemic autoimmune diseases. Understanding how gut microbes can trigger or protect from these diseases can help us tackle them through dietary and lifestyle changes, microbiome-based therapies, identification of diagnostic biomarkers, and intervention with microbial population changes. Considering the microbiome signature as a key player in systemic autoimmune diseases holds promise in transforming these untreatable diseases into manageable or preventable ones.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)