Article
Environmental Sciences
Manthar Ali Mallah, Changxing Li, Mukhtiar Ali Mallah, Sobia Noreen, Yang Liu, Muhammad Saeed, He Xi, Bilal Ahmed, Feifei Feng, Ali Asghar Mirjat, Wei Wang, Abdul Jabar, Muhammad Naveed, Jian-Hua Li, Qiao Zhang
Summary: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are chemical contaminants of environmental significance. PAH pollution mainly comes from anthropogenic sources and can pose a significant threat to human health. Long-term exposure to PAHs can lead to tumor development in multiple organs and increase the risk of lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown a relationship between PAH exposure, oxidative stress, and atherosclerosis.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hafiz Aminu Umar, Mohd Faisal Abdul Khanan, Mohammed Sanusi Shiru, Anuar Ahmad, Muhammad Zulkarnain Abdul Rahman, Ami Hassan Md Din
Summary: This study examines hydrocarbon pollution in the Ahoada community of the Niger Delta region using a GIS for mapping oil spill hotspots. Soil samples were collected and analyzed to determine the level of pollution. The results show that the most polluted areas are Rivers, Bayelsa, and Delta states. The study also reveals high concentrations of contaminants beyond 20 m depth.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Teng Wang, Baojie Li, Hong Liao, Yan Li
Summary: The study shows that the total emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mainland China have decreased from 2013 to 2017, mainly coming from industrial, residential/commercial, and transportation sectors. The magnitude and reasons for the decline in PAH emissions vary in different regions, with particular attention needed for the limited decline in Northwest China.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Noora Al-Shamary, Hassan Hassan, Alexandra Leitao, Simon M. Hutchinson, Debapriya Mondal, Stephane Bayen
Summary: Levels of organic contaminants (TPHs, PAHs) were simultaneously determined in both abiotic (sediments, seawater) and biotic (Pinctada radiata oysters) samples at four sites along the coastline of Qatar (Arabian Gulf) in 2017-2018. TPHs and PAHs were more frequently detected in oyster tissues than sediment and seawater samples collected from the same areas. While levels of TPHs and PAHs in seawater and sediments were lower than previous local studies and worldwide studies, PAHs levels observed in pearl oyster tissue (25.9-2240 μg/kg) were relatively higher than in previous studies in Qatar. In general, eight PAHs compounds were detected in oyster tissue, with benzo(a)pyrene displaying the highest concentration. The coast of Qatar could be affected by sea-sonal patterns of pollutants, where TPHs and PAHs levels increased in winter compared to summer. These results provide key information on the use of the pearl oyster as a bioindicator species and Qatar's marine environment.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Inna A. Nemirovskaya, Peter O. Zavialov, Anastasia V. Khramtsova
Summary: The study investigates the content and composition of aliphatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the suspended particulate matter and surface layer of bottom sediments in the Kerch Strait. The findings indicate higher concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons in the western part of the strait and lower concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface sediments. The study also highlights the increase in hydrocarbon content in water and sediments due to pollutant entry into the marine environment.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Akira Toriba, Kazuichi Hayakawa
Summary: Air pollution from PM2.5 causes 7 million deaths annually worldwide, especially affecting children's health in developing countries. Recent studies have shown that these pollutants are linked to diseases beyond lung-related issues, leading to the development of new detection methods. It is necessary to consider the targets for future generation environmental standards.
BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lindsay Jasperse, Richard T. Di Giulio, Nishad Jayasundara
Summary: This study investigates the bioenergetic costs of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) resistance among Atlantic killifish. The results show that metabolic rates differ between offspring of PAH-resistant fish and reference fish, particularly at the juvenile life stage. The study also suggests that killifish from remediated sites may be more sensitive to PAH exposure compared to those from nonremediated sites, indicating a loss of PAH tolerance following relaxed selection.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sarah Al-Ateeqi, Layla Al-Musawi, Virender Sharma, Meshal Abdullah, Xingmao Ma
Summary: This study reports the recovery of desert plant communities in Kuwait after 20 years of oil pollution, and suggests that certain native plant species can tolerate and potentially remediate oil-polluted soil. The findings highlight the importance of these plant communities in improving soil quality and biodiversity.
LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pawel Swislowski, Pavel Hrabak, Stanislaw Waclawek, Klara Liskova, Vojtech Antos, Malgorzata Rajfur, Maria Zabkowska-Waclawek
Summary: Biological indicators are an alternative method for monitoring ecosystem pollution, with the moss bag technique showing promise in selecting the best biomonitoring species. The study found selective accumulation of PAHs by mosses, with Pleurozium schreberi as the most effective bioindicator. The relationship between PAHs concentrations in mosses and atmospheric particles suggests the potential use of moss as a traceable bioindicator in urban areas.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Guiping Gao, Hui Zeng, Qixing Zhou
Summary: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the main components of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs), are widely distributed and continue to increase in the atmosphere, and are considered carcinogenic. Mosses have been identified as sensitive indicators of atmospheric pollution and have been used to monitor PAHs. This study discusses the absorption and accumulation characteristics of PAHs in mosses, as well as the factors influencing their accumulation. Various methods, including chemical analysis, the index of atmospheric purity (IAP), ecological surveys, and the Moss-bag technique, have been used for PAHs monitoring using mosses. The use of mosses for the biomonitoring of atmospheric PAHs shows promising prospects.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yongfu Wu, Yan Shi, Ning Zhang, Yingqiang Wang, Yibin Ren
Summary: The study investigated the influence of geography, climate, and socio-economy on pollutant levels in China. Results showed that regions with higher population and lower GDP tend to have higher levels of PAHs in the atmosphere. Comprehensive measures are needed to reduce pollution and sources of PAHs in heavily polluted areas.
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dennis Popp, Sven M. Elbert, Chantal Barwig, Julian Petry, Frank Rominger, Michael Mastalerz
Summary: The palladium-catalyzed cyclotrimerization of ortho-silylaryl triflates is a well-established method for synthesizing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with triphenylene cores. In the reaction of pyrene with o-silylaryl triflates, higher homologues with eight- and ten-membered rings were unexpectedly formed along with the trimer, and a protocol was developed to isolate all members of this series. This novel class of PAHs was thoroughly investigated using various techniques, including X-ray diffraction, UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. A mechanistic proposal for the formation of all higher cyclooligomers was supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yingkuan Tian, Renjuan Zhang, Xiang Liu, Yijun Liu, Shimin Xiong, Xia Wang, Haonan Zhang, Quan Li, Juan Liao, Derong Fang, Linglu Wang, Ya Zhang, Hongyu Yuan, Li Zhang, Caidie He, Songlin An, Wei Chen, Yuanzhong Zhou, Xubo Shen
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the exposure levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites among pregnant women in an economically underdeveloped region in southwest China. The results revealed that these pregnant women were exposed to different PAH metabolites, and identified predictive factors associated with high concentrations of PAH metabolites. This is of significant importance for developing targeted interventions to reduce PAH exposure during pregnancy.
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alexandra Tevlin, Elisabeth Galarneau, Tianchu Zhang, Hayley Hung
Summary: The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in Canadian air and deposition show large variations, with higher levels near industrial emitters and lower levels in the Arctic. Reductions in industrial emissions can influence the environment near relevant facilities, but the impact in other areas is modest. Future research is needed to further investigate PACs in Canada.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Antonello Prigioniero, Daniela Zuzolo, Ulo Niinemets, Alessia Postiglione, Mariano Mercurio, Francesco Izzo, Marco Trifuoggi, Maria Toscanesi, Pierpaolo Scarano, Maria Tartaglia, Rosaria Sciarrillo, Carmine Guarino
Summary: The relationships between particulate matter (PM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) leaf concentrations, uptake rates, and leaf surface functional traits were explored in Mediterranean evergreen trees. It was found that both plant surface morphological and chemical leaf traits influence the retention of PM and PAHs.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Carmen Mejias, Julia Martin, Juan Luis Santos, Irene Aparicio, Esteban Alonso
Summary: This study investigated the adsorption behavior of six perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on polyamide (PA) microparticles. The results showed that perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) had the highest adsorption capacity on PA, and the size of the PA particles greatly affected the adsorption process. The study also demonstrated the role of PA microparticles as a transporter for PFASs in the aquatic environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Carmen Mejias, Juan Luis Santos, Julia Martin, Irene Aparicio, Esteban Alonso
Summary: This study developed and validated an automated method for the enantioselective determination of fluoroquinolones and their metabolites in wastewater and surface water samples. The method was able to accurately and precisely quantify the target compounds in just 14 minutes. The application of this method revealed the enantioselective transformation of LEV into (R)-OFL in surface water and the prevalence of OH-FLU D2 over OH-FLU D1 in influent wastewater.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carmen Mejias, Juan Luis Santos, Julia Martin, Irene Aparicio, Esteban Alonso
Summary: The adsorption-desorption processes of organic pollutants in Mediterranean agricultural soils were investigated. The results showed that the adsorption kinetics followed a two-step process and the compounds fitted to a linear model. The adsorption of the metabolites was positively correlated with soil organic matter, and desorption was higher in soils with less organic matter. Furthermore, the desorption rates of the metabolites were lower than that of the parent compound.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Maria del Carmen Gomez-Regalado, Julia Martin, Juan Luis Santos, Irene Aparicio, Esteban Alonso, Alberto Zafra-Gomez
Summary: There is growing evidence that certain pharmaceuticals in the environment pose a potential risk to ecosystems through biota exposure. This review aims to summarize the research and factors involved in assessing the bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals in aquatic organisms, and provide a critical review of the bioconcentration and bioaccumulation factors of these compounds in different trophic levels. The most commonly studied pharmaceuticals are antidepressants, followed by diclofenac and carbamazepine. Field studies yield more reliable data than laboratory tests for assessing the true environmental impact.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Chiara Andrea Lombardi, Valeria Comite, Paola Fermo, Andrea Bergomi, Luca Trombino, Vittoria Guglielmi
Summary: This study focuses on the analysis of the color palette used in the decoration of an Egyptian sarcophagus cover. Raman spectrometer and laboratory techniques such as microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and luminescence imaging were employed. The results revealed the presence of specific pigments such as calcite, red ochre, black carbon, and Egyptian blue. The findings provide insights into the authenticity and composition of the sarcophagus.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jose Raul Aguilera-Velazquez, Ana Calleja, Isabel Moreno, Juan Bautista, Esteban Alonso
Summary: This study aimed to determine the concentration of toxic metals and trace elements in cooked and digested rice, and evaluate the associated human health risks. Results showed that the bioavailability of lead was the lowest, while arsenic had the highest. Non-carcinogenic risk values in cooked and digested rice were below the toxic threshold. It can be concluded that the human metallic exposure through rice consumption is overestimated when metals are measured in raw rice.
JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Julia Martin, Slawomir Gonkowski, Annemarie Kortas, Przemys law Sobiech, Liliana Rytel, Juan Luis Santos, Irene Aparicio, Esteban Alonso
Summary: Studies have found that emerging pollutants are widely present in wild terrestrial mammals, but there is limited information about their effects on health. Bats, as sensitive animals, are considered the best bioindicators for assessing environmental quality for terrestrial wildlife. A non-invasive method using guano matrix was proposed to determine 20 emerging pollutants in bats, including PFAS, PB, BP, BPA, LAS, and NP, through ultrasonic solvent extraction and solid phase extraction. The results confirmed the exposure of wild bats to emerging pollutants and the suitability of bat guano matrix for understanding environmental exposure in terrestrial mammals.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Vittoria Guglielmi, Valeria Comite, Chiara Andrea Lombardi, Andrea Bergomi, Elisabetta Boanini, Roberto Bonomi, Elisa Monfasani, Letizia Sassi, Mattia Borelli, Paola Fermo
Summary: The cleaning of historical tapestries is usually done using standard methods. A new hydro-aspiration method was developed to improve efficiency and compared to traditional cleaning methods. The new method was found to be more effective in removing dirt and preserving the structure of the tapestry's metallic threads, while being less invasive to the fragile surface patina.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Valeria Comite, Andrea Bergomi, Chiara Andrea Lombardi, Mattia Borelli, Paola Fermo
Summary: Salt crystallization is a dangerous form of degradation for frescoes, leading to cracking, flaking, and detachment of the pictorial layer. Characterization of soluble salts through chemical analysis can determine the condition of the artifact and guide restoration and/or conservation strategies. A study on the frescoes by Saturnino Gatti in the church of San Panfilo in Villagrande di Tornimparte conducted the first-ever characterization of soluble salts and degradation phenomena. Chemical characterizations using ion chromatography and infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of efflorescence consisting of newly formed gypsum, carbonate, and sodium chloride. Capillary rise and infiltration were identified as the main sources of soluble salts. This information is crucial for future restoration or conservation operations.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Carmen Mejias, Juan Luis Santos, Julia Martin, Irene Aparicio, Esteban Alonso
Summary: In this paper, a method for the determination of antibiotics and their metabolites in sewage sludge and agricultural soil was proposed. The method utilizes ultrasound-assisted extraction, dispersive solid-phase extraction clean-up, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method was validated and showed good accuracy and precision. The results revealed that macrolides and fluoroquinolones were the antibiotic classes found at the highest concentrations in all types of samples.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Carmen Mejias, Marina Arenas, Julia Martin, Juan Luis Santos, Irene Aparicio, Esteban Alonso
Summary: The main difficulties in analyzing pharmaceutically active compounds in solid environmental samples are the complexity of the samples and the low concentration levels of such pollutants. This study applied the Analytical Eco-scale, Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), and Analytical GREEnness metric (AGREE) to evaluate the greenness of nine analytical procedures. The results showed that the paper spray ionization method was the greenest procedure, while the use of internal standards had a contradictory environmental impact. The gaps in incorporating validation analytical features in greenness metrics were also discussed.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)