Journal
UPSALA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Volume 121, Issue 2, Pages 151-154Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.3109/03009734.2016.1165776
Keywords
Beta cells; neogenesis; pregnancy; proliferation; somatolactogenic hormones
Categories
Funding
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International
- European Union
- European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes
- Novo Nordisk Foundation
- Danish Research Council for Health Sciences
- Danish Diabetes Academy - Novo Nordisk Foundation
- Danish Center for Fetal Programming - Danish Research Council for Strategic Research
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Pregnancy is associated with a compensatory increase in beta cell mass. It is well established that somatolactogenic hormones contribute to the expansion both indirectly by their insulin antagonistic effects and directly by their mitogenic effects on the beta cells via receptors for prolactin and growth hormone expressed in rodent beta cells. However, the beta cell expansion in human pregnancy seems to occur by neogenesis of beta cells from putative progenitor cells rather than by proliferation of existing beta cells. Claes Hellerstrom has pioneered the research on beta cell growth for decades, but the mechanisms involved are still not clarified. In this review the information obtained in previous studies is recapitulated together with some of the current attempts to resolve the controversy in the field: identification of the putative progenitor cells, identification of the factors involved in the expansion of the beta cell mass in human pregnancy, and the relative roles of endocrine factors and nutrients.
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