Article
Engineering, Geological
Luca Paolella, Giuseppe Modoni, Rose Line Spacagna, Anna Baris
Summary: This study extends the classical one-dimensional liquefaction severity indexes to improve predictive capability for lateral spreading, demonstrating efficacy through two earthquake case studies. The new index combines stratigraphic attributes and topographic information for analysis, with validation against post-earthquake damage surveys highlighting the importance of bi-dimensional conditions.
Article
Engineering, Geological
Michael Little, Ellen Rathje
Summary: Nonlinear, effective stress finite-element analyses are used to model earthquake-induced displacements at lateral spread sites near a free face. The study analyzed 132 models to isolate the influence of geometric factors such as the height of the free face and the thickness of liquefiable layers on displacement patterns.
JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Zhixiong Chen, Buxin Wang, Chenglong Wang, Yonghong Wang, Peng Xiao, Kangyin Li
Summary: This study aims to reduce the harm caused by the liquefaction and lateral spreading of coral sand foundation by combining a PCC pile and drainage body into a new drainage PCC pile. The seismic response of the subgrade-embankment-seawall system on the coral sand liquefaction site was simulated, and the new drainage PCC pile foundation showed positive anti-liquefaction effects on the coral sand foundation by reducing excess pore water pressure, pile bending moment, seawall displacement, foundation settlement, and embankment deformation.
Article
Engineering, Geological
Scott M. Olson, Mark R. Muszynski, Youssef M. A. Hashash, Camilo Phillips
Summary: Deflection walls were tested to mitigate lateral spreading-induced bending moments on large-dimension foundations by redirecting spreading sand around the foundation and reducing pressure transmitted to it. Results showed that the deflection walls successfully minimized passive wedge development and reduced lateral pressures on the protected foundations by 30%-50% compared to unprotected ones. This suggests that buttressed sheet pile walls may be effective in mitigating lateral spreading forces on existing foundations and that arranging newly constructed foundations in a diamond or circular pattern could further reduce potential earth pressures.
JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yanxin Yang, Edward Kavazanjian
Summary: This study conducts Newmark analyses on lateral spreading induced by liquefaction using a database of 22 documented case histories. The site stratigraphy and SPT values for the liquefiable soil are determined based on the case-history documentation. The yield acceleration is estimated using three different correlations with SPT blow count to estimate the post-liquefaction residual shear strength. Representative acceleration time histories from earthquake recordings are selected. The probabilistic analysis suggests that the lateral spreading displacement calculated using the Olson and Johnson correlation will not exceed twice the reported displacement with a confidence level of 97%.
JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Maria Giovanna Durante, Ellen M. Rathje
Summary: The study utilized machine learning models to accurately predict earthquake-induced lateral spreading using high-quality post-disaster data. It was found that factors such as peak ground acceleration, distance to the river, ground elevation, and groundwater table play crucial roles in accurate predictions of lateral spreading.
EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Fatima Zohra Belhassena, Liang Tang, Djamel Eddine Bouri, Chunhui Liu, Xianzhang Ling
Summary: The paper highlights the importance of investigating the seismic response of soil-pile-quay wall systems in liquefiable soils. A 3D nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis is used to study the interaction between soil, pile, and quay wall. The study shows that variables such as pile stiffness, diameter, and length significantly affect bending moment and pile displacement.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Muhammad Zayed, Ahmed Ebeido, Athul Prabhakaran, Zhijian Qiu, Ahmed Elgamal
Summary: The paper presents an asymmetric inertial loading approach to accumulate ground deformations in a preferred direction and provides insights into soil cyclic response and pore pressure build-up. This approach allows for calibration of numerical models to emulate observed strain accumulation profiles and related mechanisms in a wide range of earthquake engineering shake table testing applications.
CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Chunhui Liu, Cheng Wang, Qinghe Fang, Xianzhang Ling
Summary: This study analyzed the soil-pile-quay wall interaction in liquefaction-induced lateral spreading ground through experimental investigation, numerical simulation, and parametric analysis. A large-scale shake-table test was conducted to observe phenomena such as quay wall overturning and ground settlement. A validated finite element model was used to conduct a parametric study on the effects of various parameters on the interaction. The results showed that these parameters had a significant influence on the soil-pile-quay wall interaction.
Article
Engineering, Geological
Chi-Chin Tsai, Zi-Xian Yang, Min-Hua Chung, Shang-Yi Hsu
Summary: This study investigated the flow-like failure of Rixin levee during the 2016 Meinong earthquake in southern Taiwan, attributing the damage to cyclic softening of clayey soil instead of traditional soil liquefaction mechanisms.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xiaoyu Zhang, Haibo Zhu, Zhenzhen Jiao, Zhihao Cen
Summary: Alkali-activated slag (AAS) is an environmentally friendly material that has shown great potential in soil improvement. This study found that AAS is effective in strengthening liquefiable soil and can mitigate liquefaction when used in deep soil mixing (DSM) technology.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Peigui Sun, Duruo Huang, Sanlin Du
Summary: This study investigates the effect of ground motion characteristics on the evolution of physical quantities during the liquefaction process and the relative capacity of different ground motion intensity measures (IMs) in predicting pore-pressure generation and permanent deformation in liquefiable soils. By establishing a database of 501 three-component ground motion records, soil liquefaction prediction under different earthquake scenarios is improved. The results demonstrate that energy-related IMs have a superior predictive capacity compared to peak ground acceleration in predicting liquefaction initiation and permanent displacement, while vector IMs incorporating both energy and peak value characteristics can improve predictions regarding pore pressure generation and permanent deformation in liquefiable soils.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shekoufe Ghasemi Rozveh, Ali Derakhshani
Summary: When predicting liquefaction-induced lateral spreading during earthquakes, the uncertainties of input parameters should be considered for the accuracy and reliability of the results. It is found that even slightly uncertain inputs can significantly influence the responses. The newly developed MT (New model) shows more reliable performance under uncertainty, with favorable accuracy and reliability compared to other models.
BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Mahmood Ahmad, Xiao-Wei Tang, Jiang-Nan Qiu, Feezan Ahmad
Summary: A novel probabilistic framework based on Bayesian belief network was proposed for evaluating liquefaction-induced lateral displacement, with two models predicting lateral displacements for different ground conditions and compared with multiple linear regression and genetic programming models. The results showed that the proposed models have reasonable precision in learning complex relationships between lateral displacement and its influencing factors.
FRONTIERS OF STRUCTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Abduelhakim Zeybek, Gopal Santana Phani Madabhushi
Summary: The soil parameters related to the reconsolidation of liquefied sand vary as a function of effective stress or excess pore pressure ratio. This study presents several empirical relationships obtained from geotechnical centrifuge experiments to estimate these parameters. A simplified method utilizing the estimated parameters as input can reasonably reproduce the time histories of excess pore pressure dissipation and ground surface settlement.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Shaohui Liu, Lizhong Jiang, Wangbao Zhou, Jian Yu
Summary: This study evaluates the post-earthquake damage to track-bridge systems by conducting nonlinear time history analysis on a CRTS II ballastless track simply-supported beam system subjected to transverse earthquake loading. It explores the characteristics of residual displacement and stiffness degradation of the track-bridge system under transverse earthquakes. The research investigates the effect of earthquake-induced stiffness degradation on high-speed trains and proposes a reconstruction method for earthquake-induced dynamic irregularity characteristic curve considering probability guarantee rates. The results indicate that earthquake-induced dynamic irregularity can effectively quantify the running performance of high-speed trains under earthquake-induced stiffness degradation conditions.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Rui Zhang, Xiangqian Sheng, Wenliang Fan
Summary: This study introduces a novel approach for the probabilistic assessment of seismic earth pressure against nonlinear backfills. Nonlinear upper bound analysis is used to obtain the seismic earth pressure through optimization procedure, and probability analysis of nonlinear backfill properties is considered by combining adaptive dimension decomposition with the direct integral method.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Qiangqiang Sun, Yu Xue, Menghao Hou
Summary: This study investigated the use of Tire-derived aggregate (TDA) as backfill material for geotechnical seismic isolation in utility tunnels. Nonlinear numerical analyses were conducted, and the results showed that TDA backfill was an excellent alternative for risk mitigation during strong earthquakes, significantly reducing deformation and forces. The proposed system could potentially save costs compared to expensive seismic mitigation measures.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Yan-Guo Zhou, Dong-Chao Zhang, Kai Liu, Yun-Min Chen
Summary: This study investigated the large deformations caused by liquefaction in sloping ground and the methods for evaluation and mitigation. Soil element tests and centrifuge model tests were conducted to study the relationship between residual strain and Post-liquefaction Deformation Potential (PLDP). The tests showed that the developments of residual strain were controlled by PLDP, which is correlated with the maximum cyclic shear strain. The applicability of PLDP was verified in model tests, and the mitigation mechanisms of densification and drainage induced by stone columns were observed.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Jiajin Zhao, Zhehao Zhu, Dexuan Zhang, Hao Wang, Xi Li
Summary: This paper studies the fabric properties during sand liquefaction using 3D constant-volume cyclic triaxial DEM tests. The results show good consistency with experimental data. The evolution of fabric characteristics is assessed using the coordination number and mechanical coordination number. The second-order contact normal fabric tensor is introduced to analyze complex inter-particle contacts and the shear strain is used as a bridge to describe the evolution of coordination number and anisotropy degree.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Jinqiang Li, Zilan Zhong, Shurui Wang, Kaiming Bi, Hong Hao
Summary: The corrosion-protection liner technology improves the seismic performance of water supply pipelines and reduces the failure probability under earthquake excitations.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Abdellah Cherif Taiba, Youcef Mahmoudi, Mostefa Belkhatir
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive analysis of Liu et al.'s (2023) published paper in the Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering journal, which examines the impact of particle shape on the wave velocity of sand. By enhancing the content integrity, this article serves as a valuable discussion piece for readers interested in this research topic.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Weijian Zhong, Binbin Li, Yanhui Liu, Ping Tan, Fulin Zhou
Summary: In this paper, the Flexible Limit Protective Device (FLPD) was improved to a Flexible Energy Dissipating Device (FEDD) to better control the seismic response of base-isolated structures. Experimental investigation and numerical simulation were conducted to study the compression behavior and optimize the design of FEDDs. The results showed that FEDDs with optimal parameters effectively reduced isolator displacements and kept the inter-story drift angle within a safe range during earthquakes.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Xinhua Xue, Xiaojie Yuan, Li Tao
Summary: In this study, gene expression programming (GEP) was used to establish the relationship between the capacity energy required to trigger sand liquefaction and several major parameters. The GEP model showed higher accuracy and better performance compared to existing models, as confirmed by experimental data.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Xiao-ling Zhang, Hao Lan, Xian-hui Zhao, Cheng-shun Xu, Ke-min Jia
Summary: The study investigates the reinforcement principle of inclined liquefiable site using concrete pile and gravel pile methods. The results show that concrete piles have a better reinforcement effect on inclined liquefiable site compared to gravel piles, and increasing the diameter of gravel piles greatly improves the reinforcement effect. The pile group reinforcement model is more effective in reducing lateral displacement of the site soil compared to the single pile reinforcement model.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Jinxin Sun, Haoyu Sun, Mengmeng Lu, Bolin Han
Summary: The implementation of stone columns is an effective way to improve the stability of liquefiable soil. However, existing mathematical models often neglect vertical seepage within the soil, leading to calculation errors. This study proposes a new mathematical model that considers both radial and vertical seepage, and conducts a parameter analysis to investigate the effects of column spacing, cyclic stress ratio, and consolidation parameters on excess pore water pressure.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Jonathan F. Hubler, James P. Hanley, Andrew C. Stolte, Liam Wotherspoon, Kyle M. Rollins
Summary: This study performed blast liquefaction tests in an area that experienced extensive liquefaction. It used multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW) testing to evaluate changes in shear wave velocity (VS) before and after blasting. The study found that array length has an impact on the immediate changes in VS following blasting, but these changes decrease at 24 hours post-blast.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Lowell Tan Cabangon, Gaetano Elia, Mohamed Rouainia, Suraparb Keawsawasvong, Teraphan Ornthammarath
Summary: The impact of far-field earthquakes on underground structures, especially tunnels, has been relatively less explored compared to near-field earthquakes. However, the study found that far-field earthquakes can generate forces in tunnel lining that are equally destructive as those induced by near-field motions, especially when they contain long-period waves. The amplification of these ground motions in soft natural clays, common in Bangkok, can lead to significant soil displacements and shear strains.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Jinjun Hu, Longbing Ding, Xutong Zhou, Mingji Liu, Jingyang Tan
Summary: Offshore near-fault ground motions during the 2016 OffMie Mw6.0 earthquake in the Nankai Trough of Japan were studied using data from the DONET1 seafloor seismic network. The results show that offshore spectral acceleration and peak ground velocity are higher than onshore values. Analysis of pulse-like ground motions reveals differences in amplitude, frequency content, and energy between offshore and onshore motions. These findings have implications for seismic design of offshore engineering structures.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Radu Popescu, Pradipta Chakrabortty
Summary: The natural spatial variability of soil properties affects the mechanical response of geotechnical structures and can deviate failure surfaces. For soil liquefaction induced by seismic activity, it has been found that greater excess pore water pressure is generated in soils with small-scale variability. This paper provides an explanation based on centrifuge experiments and numerical simulations, showing that partial drainage during earthquakes may trigger softening of dilative soils.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2024)