Toxic effects of trace elements on newborns and their birth outcomes

Some trace elements are essential tot newborns, their deficiency may cause abnormal biological functions, whereas excessive intakes due to environmental contamination may create adverse health effects. This study was conducted to measure the levels of selected trace elements in Chinese fish consumers by assessing theft essentiality and toxicity via colostrum intake in newborns, and evaluated the effects of these trace elements on birth outcomes. Trace elements in umbilical cord serum and colostrum of the studied population were relatively high compared with other populations. The geometric means (GM) of estimated daily intake (EDI, mg day(-1)) of the trace elements were in the sate ranges for infant Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) recommended by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). When using total dietary intake (TDI, mg kg(-1) bw day(-1)), zinc (Zn) (0.880 mg kg(-1) bw day(-1)) and selenium (Se) (639 x 10(-3) mg kg(-1) bw day(-1)) were above the Reference Doses (RfD), set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Multivariable linear regression analyses showed that Se was negatively correlated with birth outcomes. Our findings suggested that overloading of trace elements due to environmental contamination may contribute to negative birth outcomes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.