Article
Food Science & Technology
Jose A. Gallardo, Sonia Marin, Antonio J. Ramos, German Cano-Sancho, Vicente Sanchis
Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive dietary exposure assessment in Spain, specifically in the Catalonia region, and found that deoxynivalenol (DON) was widely present in cereal-based food consumed in this area. While exposure to DON among adults was low, it exceeded the safety threshold for infants aged 3-9 years. Bread and pasta were identified as the main contributors to DON exposure.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ensiyeh Taheri, Mohammad Mehdi Amin, Seyede Shahrbanoo Daniali, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Ali Fatehizadeh, Roya Kelishadi
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the health risks of exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) among pregnant women in Isfahan province, Iran. The concentration of 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), the major metabolite of CPF, was measured in urine samples from 110 pregnant women. TCP was detected in over 70% of the samples, indicating widespread exposure. The estimated daily intake of CPF exceeded the suggested reference dose for chronic exposure in some participants, and Monte-Carlo analysis revealed that chronic toxic effects are expected in at least 20% of the study population.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ramya Srinivasan, Bokam Rajasekhar, Indumathi M. Nambi
Summary: This study conducted deterministic and probabilistic human health risk assessment through Monte Carlo simulations on exposure to an Indian river contaminated by NSAIDs. Diclofenac was identified as the major contributor to health risk. Sensitivity analysis indicated that water ingestion rate and fish ingestion rate were the most and least impactful parameters on health risk assessment.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Nuclear Science & Technology
Gyunyoung Heo, Sejin Baek, Dohun Kwon, Hyeonmin Kim, Jinkyun Park
Summary: Research on integrated deterministic-probabilistic safety assessment has continuously pointed out limitations of classical PSA based on event tree/fault tree, with a re-interpretation of risk categories. This study classifies residual risk into categories that are difficult to determine through interpolation or extrapolation of representative scenarios due to potential nonlinearity between hardware and human behavior. The authors introduce their under-development enabling techniques, DICE and DeBATE, as an initiative to bridge deterministic and probabilistic assessments using big data technology.
NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Pasquale Antonante, Heath G. Nilsen, Luca Carlone
Summary: This paper investigates the runtime monitoring of perception systems and presents a formal approach to detect and identify faults using a diagnostic graph. Experimental evaluation demonstrates the potential of the proposed system monitors to prevent accidents.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Francesco Esposito, Agata Nolasco, Francesco Caracciolo, Salvatore Velotto, Paolo Montuori, Raffaele Romano, Tommaso Stasi, Teresa Cirillo
Summary: Acrylamide, a toxicant found in high-temperature cooked foods, can lead to potential carcinogenic exposure for infants. Delaying the introduction of baked products into the diet of weaned infants is recommended to reduce the risk of carcinogenic exposure.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Stuart R. Mead, Jonathan Procter, Mark Bebbington
Summary: Probabilistic volcanic hazard assessments require identification of volcanic sources, estimation of magnitude-frequency relationship, quantification of hazard dependence on magnitude and external conditions, and estimation of hazard exceedance. We propose an alternate approach using a surrogate model that provides a continuous estimate of simulation outputs at negligible computational expense. The demonstrated technique shows promise for probabilistic volcanic hazard assessments and is generally applicable to assessments limited by numerical simulations and changing source probabilities.
COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Achraf Tounsi, Marouane Temimi, Mohamed Abdelkader, Jonathan J. Gourley
Summary: This study evaluates the performance of deterministic and probabilistic precipitation nowcasting models over the greater New York City area. The results show that the LINDA-P method has the highest correlation and longest decorrelation times. It also performs better for moderate and heavy rainfall compared to other Lagrangian Persistence-based approaches. However, it has a higher average runtime cost compared to the STEPS method.
ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Prince Poddar, Sauhardra Ojha, Mohit Kumar Gupta
Summary: In this study, deterministic and probabilistic approaches were used to assess the liquefaction potential of ground during an earthquake. The deterministic approach focused on the liquefaction analysis of loose saturated river bed deposits at two benchmark locations. Various earthquake data, including peak ground acceleration (PGA) values of 0.18 g, 0.37 g, 0.6 g, and 0.75 g, were used as input motions. The dynamic properties of the soil were evaluated using standard penetration test (SPT) data. The calculated cyclic stress ratio (CSR), cyclic resistance ratio (CRR), and factor of safety (FOS) against liquefaction were used to determine the shear stress induced within the soil deposit due to seismic excitation. Additionally, liquefaction potential index (LPI) and probability of liquefaction (P-L) were also calculated using input motion. The results showed that the shallow layer soil profile was safe against liquefaction, while the deep layer soil profile was unsafe.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Eun-Su Shin, Min-Kyu Park, Gihae Kim, Mandana Barghi, Sung-Deuk Choi, Jiyeon Yang, Yoon-Seok Chang
Summary: This study examined the risk of dietary exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in the general Korean population. The results showed that although the levels of these compounds in the air have significantly decreased following government regulations, their levels in human serum have not reduced at the same rate. This suggests that humans may unintentionally be exposed to these compounds through food ingestion. The study provides important toxicological information and can guide the development of food safety policies.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Tsz Yan Leung, Martin Leutbecher, Sebastian Reich, Theodore G. Shepherd
Summary: The article discusses the differences between deterministic and probabilistic verification metrics, focusing on the relationship between the CRPS and RMSE. It demonstrates that under certain conditions, the CRPS can be mathematically expressed in terms of the RMSE when aggregated.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Xiao Zhang, Xiaolei Wang, Xiaoli Zhao, Zhi Tang, Tianhui Zhao, Miaomiao Teng, Weigang Liang, Junyu Wang, Lin Niu
Summary: Due to the extensive use of fossil fuels in the Bohai Rim region in China, severe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution has been observed. This study provides important information on the pollution levels, carcinogenic risks, and assessment methods of PAH7.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nishant Kumar, Kumari Namrata, Akshit Samadhiya
Summary: This paper proposes a systematic approach to examine the techno-economical impact of a renewable based prosumer centric hybrid energy system (HES) connected to the local distribution grid. The approach includes deterministic and probabilistic framework for optimal planning, scheduling, management, and assessment of HES. The research uses solar, Li-ion batteries, biomass, and EV charging as major components and conducts probabilistic assessment and optimization using historical data. The results show that the optimization solution using ACTO algorithm is the best, with a minimum energy cost of 4.235 Rs.
ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Palash Kumar Dhar, Shishir Kumar Dey, Asifur Rahman, Md Abu Sayed, Mosummath Hosna Ara
Summary: In this study, the iodine concentrations in household salt samples in Bangladesh were measured, and the health risks were assessed. Most samples met the standard fortification level, but at high consumption rates, excessive exposure to iodine may cause health issues. Adults were relatively safe, but children may face non-carcinogenic health effects. Regular monitoring of iodine concentration in iodized salts is needed.
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Dabin Sun, Lei Li, Zhaofei Tian, Sijuan Chen, He Wang, Guangliang Chen, Yuhang Zhang, Lixuan Zhang
Summary: The proposed advanced probability safety margin (APSM) analysis approach efficiently quantifies core damage frequency by combining uncertainty analysis with probability safety assessment methods, significantly reducing the number of calculation sequences and iterations. The APSM method provides an accurate and effective tool for safety margin analysis in nuclear power plants.
NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Fiona Sewell, Ian Ragan, Graham Horgan, David Andrew, Thomas Holmes, Irene Manou, Boris P. Mueller, Tim Rowan, Barbara G. Schmitt, Marco Corvaro
Summary: There are currently three test guidelines for acute oral toxicity studies, but the subjectivity of one guideline may be hindering its wider use. In order to address this, the NC3Rs and EPAA collaborated to analyze historical data and provide recommendations on the recognition of 'evident toxicity'.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Michael DeVito, Bas Bokkers, Majorie B. M. van Duursen, Karin van Ede, Mark Feeley, Elsa Antunes Fernandes Gaspar, Laurie Haws, Sean Kennedy, Richard E. Peterson, Ron Hoogenboom, Keiko Nohara, Kim Petersen, Cynthia Rider, Martin Rose, Stephen Safe, Dieter Schrenk, Matthew W. Wheeler, Daniele S. Wikoff, Bin Zhao, Martin van den Berg
Summary: In October 2022, the World Health Organization reevaluated the toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for chlorinated dioxin-like compounds in a panel convened in Lisbon. This effort utilized an updated database, Bayesian dose response modeling, and meta-analysis to derive Best-Estimate TEFs. Applying these new TEFs may result in lower total toxic equivalents for dioxin-like chemicals.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
