Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Ole Asli, Marta F. Johansen, Ida Solhaug
Summary: Mindfulness practice was found to increase prepulse facilitation in the study, using a prepulse inhibition/facilitation paradigm to investigate the effect on automatic attention regulation processes. The brief mindfulness exercise was shown to have an impact on startle response modulation, specifically increasing preparation for upcoming stimuli.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Laura F. Naysmith, Veena Kumari, Steven C. R. Williams
Summary: Startle reflex modulation can be attenuated (PPI) or enhanced (PPF) by preceding weaker sensory (prepulse) stimuli. Studies using functional neuroimaging reveal activation in thalamic, striatal, and frontal regions during PPI in healthy individuals, with deficits in cortico-striato-pallido-thalamic circuitry in schizophrenia and Tourette Syndrome. A shared network for PPI and PPF in frontal regions and cerebellum was identified, with PPF networks recruiting additional areas like the superior medial gyrus and cingulate cortex.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Anastasios E. Giannopoulos, Ioanna Zioga, Panos Papageorgiou, Panagiota Pervanidou, Gerasimos Makris, George P. Chrousos, Xanthi Stachtea, Christos Capsalis, Charalabos Papageorgiou
Summary: The acoustic startle reflex (ASR) is a reliable indicator of sensorimotor and inhibitory mechanisms, and its modulation by prepulse inhibition (PPI) and prepulse facilitation (PPF) is associated with sex and age differences. This study investigated these differences in a young population using electroencephalographic recordings and found that PPF showed enhanced responses compared to PPI. There were also sex-related differences in ASR, with females showing higher levels of poststartle excitability.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
F. Inci Ertas, Demet Aygun, Gulcin Benbir Senel, Aysegul Gunduz, Derya Karadeniz, Meral E. Kiziltan
Summary: The study found that patients with NREM-sleep parasomnia showed mildly enhanced ASR and relatively early facilitation of BR excitability during daytime. Analysis of ASR and other reflexes revealed differences between patients and healthy subjects. Although the results suggest involvement of brainstem networks in NREM-sleep parasomnia during wakefulness, further research may be needed.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Laura F. Naysmith, Steven C. R. Williams, Veena Kumari
Summary: The study revealed that both PPI and PPF are influenced by stimulus onset asynchronies, with the strongest PPI observed at 60 and 120 ms, and the strongest PPF at 4500 and 6000 ms. PPI is affected by sex (more in men than women) and hormonal contraception, while PPF is influenced by task order (greater when following PPI task).
JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Viviana Versace, Stefania Campostrini, Sabrina Dezi, Luca Sebastianelli, Paola Ortelli, Leopold Saltuari, Josep Valls-Sole, Markus Kofler
Summary: The modulation of the blink reflex can be observed in both self-stimulation and external stimulation, showing similar changes in R2 and R1. However, self-stimulation has a tonic effect on the blink reflex, while external stimulation has a time-locked gating mechanism at the brainstem level.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xiaoqin Yang, Liangjie Chen, Pengcheng Yang, Xiaodong Yang, Lei Liu, Liang Li
Summary: This study found that using a negative emotional-conditioned prepulse can enhance female attention and startle reflex, while perceptual spatial attention can also enhance startle reflex in both males and females. These results suggest that startle reflex is influenced by emotional, perceptual spatial attention, and sex.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Demet Aygun, F. Inci Ertas, Aysegul Gunduz, Gulcin Benbir Senel, Derya Karadeniz, Meral Kiziltan
Summary: The prepulse modulation was abnormal in both iRBD and RSWA, while ASR was enhanced in iRBD. This suggests certain similarities and differences in the pathophysiologies of iRBD and RSWA.
PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Markus Kofler, Josep Valls-Sole, Michael Thurner, Elke Pucks-Faes, Viviana Versace
Summary: This study investigated the effects of low-intensity prepulse inhibition (PPI) to digital nerves and conditioning supraorbital nerve stimulation (SON-1) on blink reflex (BR) excitability recovery (BRER) to paired supraorbital nerve stimulation (SON-2). The results showed that PPI did not affect BRER, but inhibition on BR to SON-2 was observed when additional prepulses were applied before SON-2. The study concluded that the response size of BR to SON-2 depends on SON-1 stimulus intensity, not SON-1 response size.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elena Porras-Garcia, Magdalena Mas-Nieto, Jose Maria Delgado-Garcia, Eduardo Dominguez-del-Toro
Summary: During embryonic development, heterozygous mutant kreisler mice exhibit abnormal expression of Hoxa3 gene in the rostral hindbrain, affecting the opioid and noradrenergic systems. In adulthood, these mice show impaired pontine and locus coeruleus neuronal projections, altered eyelid reflex responses, and impaired acquisition of conditioned motor responses. The involvement of adrenergic projection in eyelid classical conditioning was demonstrated, and hippocampal motor learning ability in kreisler mice was restored by administration of adrenergic antagonist drugs.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
T. Dolev, S. Zubedat, Z. Brand, B. Bloch, E. Mader, O. Blondheim, A. Avital
Summary: Treating COVID-19 patients can significantly impact the mental health of physicians, with increased anxiety levels and attention vigilance compared to those treating non-COVID-19 patients. Despite high anxiety and poor sleep quality reported by physicians treating COVID-19 patients even after 3 months into the pandemic, machine learning analysis identified strong correlations between physiological and self-reported anxiety, as well as between physiologically measured anxiety and sleep duration.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Carolyn Berryman, Sarah B. Wallwork, Alberto Marcos Heredia-Rizo, Emma Knight, Danny Camfferman, Leslie Russek, G. Lorimer Moseley
Summary: The study found that individuals with fibromyalgia showed heightened response to the PPF conditioned stimulus compared to controls, while there were no differences between the groups in response to PPI. The results suggest that alterations in information processing mediated by autonomic drive may contribute to the augmented PPF in fibromyalgia patients.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
K. T. Sun, Jimmy W. Y. Lam, William C. S. Tai, Benson W. M. Lau, Benjamin K. Yee
Summary: The study found that in mouse experiments, trials showing a stronger prepulse response also exhibited a larger startle response to the subsequent pulse stimulus, indicating weaker PPI. Within-subjects and between-subjects analyses revealed contrasting relationships between the direct motor response to the prepulse and the inhibition of subsequent startle reaction induced by the same prepulse.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Philippe Fournier, Sylvie Hebert
Summary: The study compared the effects of monaural and binaural silent gaps on GPI in normal-hearing subjects, finding that the GPI was similar between monaural and binaural presentation in high-frequency background noise, but greater for binaural than monaural in low-frequency background noise, suggesting that monaural GPIAS may be more suitable for detecting tinnitus.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Samantha Wilson, Stephen D. Benning, Sarah E. Racine
Summary: Thin-ideal internalization may represent a higher-order factor contributing to the relationship between reactions to food and eating disorders, while higher levels of eating pathology are negatively correlated with appetitive responses.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Sarah E. Racine, Sarah A. Horvath, Sarah L. Brassard, Stephen D. Benning
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2019)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Leah Suissa-Rocheleau, Stephen D. Benning, Sarah E. Racine
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Sarah E. Racine, Leah Suissa-Rocheleau, Shelby J. Martin, Stephen D. Benning
Summary: This study explores the relationship between eating disorders and motivational responses, finding that binge eating may be associated with increased reward reactivity while restrictive eating may be linked to decreased reward reactivity or increased threat. The research also indicates that eating pathology group did not predict motivational reactions to food, and rating low-calorie foods lower on craving was associated with endorsement of restrictive eating.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Megan L. Becker, Anthony O. Ahmed, Stephen D. Benning, Kimberly A. Barchard, Samantha E. John, Daniel N. Allen
Summary: This study used confirmatory factor analysis to examine the latent structure of cognitive abilities in schizophrenia, finding a bifactor model with a general cognitive factor and seven specific factors provided the best fit. The results suggest that cognitive deficits in schizophrenia may be best understood by separate general and specific contributions.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Edward A. Smith, Stephen D. Benning
Summary: Risk taking is a complex construct that is difficult to assess, especially using behavioral tasks. The Assessment of Physical Risk Taking (APRT) is a new measure designed to assess the probability of success and failure, and magnitude of reward and punishment of physically risky behaviors. Preliminary findings suggest that Injury Magnitude and Injury Probability have stronger effects on outcomes compared to other variables.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Stephen D. Benning, Edward A. Smith
Summary: This article emphasizes the significance of registration in personality disorder research, such as enhancing rigor and improving people's lives. The registration process provides memory aids and guideposts, increases transparency in scientific research, and maintains the severity of tests used in studies.
PERSONALITY DISORDERS-THEORY RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Christopher J. Patrick, Keanan J. Joyner, Ashley L. Watts, Scott O. Lilienfeld, Antonella Somma, Andrea Fossati, M. Brent Donnellan, Christopher J. Hopwood, Martin Sellbom, Laura E. Drislane, John F. Edens, Edelyn Verona, Robert D. Latzman, Claudio Sica, Stephen D. Benning, Leslie C. Morey, Brian M. Hicks, Kostas A. Fanti, Daniel M. Blonigen, Javier Molto, Mark D. Kramer, Robert F. Krueger
Summary: The critique highlights the limitations of characterizing the item-level factor structure of the TriPM scales. While item-level analysis can be useful, it may not accurately represent the narrower subdimensions assessed by their parent inventories. It underscores the importance of considering nomological networks when evaluating the effectiveness of the operationalizations of the triarchic model constructs.
PERSONALITY DISORDERS-THEORY RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Educational
Brad Donohue, Elena Gavrilova, Alexandra Danlag, Joanne Perry, Corey Kuhn, Daniel N. Allen, Stephen D. Benning
Summary: This study investigated the factors influencing collegiate athletes' participation in mental health programs and found that the type of interview and demographic factors can impact their engagement. Specific interview components and demographic characteristics of athletes can influence their utilization of mental health programs.
PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS
(2021)
Article
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Brad Donohue, Yulia Gavrilova, Marina Galante, Bryan Burnstein, Patrice Aubertin, Elena Gavrilova, Alisan Funk, Al Light, Stephen D. Benning
PSYCHOLOGY OF AESTHETICS CREATIVITY AND THE ARTS
(2020)
Meeting Abstract
Psychology, Biological
Stephen Benning, Belel Ait Oumeziane, Stephany Molina
Article
Psychiatry
Stephen D. Benning, Edward A. Smith
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS
(2019)
Article
Psychology, Social
Vincent Rozalski, Stephen D. Benning
JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY
(2019)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Stephen D. Benning, Rachel L. Bachrach, Edward A. Smith, Andrew J. Freeman, Aidan G. C. Wright
JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Christopher J. Patrick, Mark D. Kramer, Uma Vaidyanathan, Stephen D. Benning, Brian M. Hicks, Scott O. Lilienfeld
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
(2019)
Meeting Abstract
Psychology, Biological
Stephen Benning, Stephany Molina