Interaction of athletes' resilience and coaches' social support on the stress-burnout relationship: A conjunctive moderation perspective

Objective: In line with Smith's (1986) cognitive-affective model of athletic burnout, the purpose of this study was to examine the conjunctive effects of athletes' resilience and coaches' social support on the relationship between life stress and burnout. Design: Cross-sectional, self-report survey. Methods: A total of 218 student-athletes (M-age = 20.04 yrs, SD = 1.32; males = 159, females = 59) participating in team and individual sports completed life stress, resilience, coaches' social support, and athlete burnout scales. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses with one- two- and three-way interactions examined disjunctive and conjunctive moderations. Results: Resilience and coaches' social support conjunctively moderated the stress-burnout relationship. Specifically the interaction of athletes' resilience with coaches' informational and tangible social support moderated athletes' stress-burnout relationship in high and low life stress conditions. Conclusions: We suggest coaches provide useful social support and foster athletes' resilience to prevent stress-induced burnout in athletes. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.