Journal
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING
Volume 250, Issue -, Pages 33-41Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.03.004
Keywords
Gulf War Illness; Associative memory; fMRI; Encoding
Categories
Funding
- IDIQ [VA549-P-0027]
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas, TX, U.S.
- U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command [DAMD17-01-1-0741]
- National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [UL1RR024982]
- NIH Roadmap for Medical Research
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Roughly 26-32% of U.S. veterans who served in the 1991 Persian Gulf War report suffering from chronic health problems. Memory complaints are regularly reported by ill Gulf War veterans (GWV), but limited data verify their complaints. This study investigated episodic memory and brain function in a nationally representative sample of GWV, using a face-name memory task and functional magnetic resonance imaging during encoding. A syndrome classification system was used to subdivide ill GWV into the three major Gulf War Illness syndrome types, impaired cognition (GWV-1), confusion ataxia (GWV-2), and central pain (GWV-3). Memory and brain function of ill GWV were contrasted to deployed and non deployed well GWV controls (GWV-C). Ill GWV exhibited impaired memory function relative to GWV-C but the patterns of functional brain differences varied. Brain activation differentiated the GWV-C from the ill GWV. The different syndrome types also differed from one another in several brain regions. Additionally, the current study was the first to observe differences in brain function between deployed and nondeployed GWV-C. These results provide (1) evidence of memory impairment in ill GWV and differentiate the syndrome types at a functional neurobiological level, and (2) the role of deployment in the war on brain function. (c) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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