Review
Cell Biology
Shin Hye Noh, Ye Jin Kim, Min Goo Lee
Summary: This article summarizes the multiple pathways involved in the secretion of cellular proteins and focuses on the unconventional protein secretion (UPS) pathways related to autophagy. By describing and comparing different features, the role and mechanisms of autophagy in the transport of secretory cargos, including leaderless soluble proteins and Golgi-bypassing transmembrane proteins, are revealed.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Simona Del Giudice, Valentina De Luca, Seyedehnegar Parizadeh, Domenico Russo, Alberto Luini, Rosaria Di Martino
Summary: This article reviews the autoregulatory circuits acting on the Golgi complex, with a focus on the role of specific signaling molecules in cancer. It proposes to draw awareness to the Golgi-localized regulatory systems as potential targets in cancer therapy.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Ashley M. Bourke, Samantha L. Schwartz, Aaron B. Bowen, Mason S. Kleinjan, Christina S. Winborn, Dean J. Kareemo, Amos Gutnick, Thomas L. Schwarz, Matthew J. Kennedy
Summary: The study introduces a new method, zapERtrap, which enables precise triggering of forward trafficking of integral membrane proteins from internal secretory organelles to the cell surface using light. By applying this method in neurons, the researchers revealed the locations where synaptic proteins emerge at the cell surface through central or remote secretory pathways, providing new insights into compartmentalized secretory trafficking.
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Olga A. Zabotina, Ning Zang, Richard Weerts
Summary: Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are enzymes that attach activated sugar to acceptor substrates. While progress has been made in cloning genes encoding polysaccharide-synthesizing GTs, the majority of GTs remain uncharacterized. The mechanism by which they synthesize complex polysaccharide structures in the Golgi membrane is largely unknown.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alison Boutet, Carlos Zeledon, Gregory Emery
Summary: Chemotaxis is important for diverse migrations in development and diseases like cancer progression. In this study, the researchers investigated the role of ArfGAP1 in regulating chemotaxis during collective cell migration. They found that ArfGAP1 is required to maintain receptor tyrosine kinases at the plasma membrane, and its absence leads to decreased active receptors and increased late endosomes. They also observed increased late endosomes and lysosomes in the absence of ArfGAP1, and identified genetic interactions with Lrrk in receptor sorting.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexander A. A. Mironov, Galina V. V. Beznoussenko
Summary: Transport models are crucial for understanding the transport of proteins and their interactions within a cell. Different pathways exist for the transport of secretory proteins, with the regulated secretion pathway playing a significant role in specialized cells. This exocytosis process is triggered by external stimuli and can provide insights into the intracellular transport of mucins in goblet cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Alvaro Ras-Carmona, Marta Gomez-Perosanz, Pedro A. Reche
Summary: The study assembled a dataset of proteins secreted by exosomes and trained random forests models to predict protein secretion by exosomes. The best model based on dipeptide composition performed well in tenfold cross-validation, and a web-based tool called ExoPred was developed for this purpose.
BMC BIOINFORMATICS
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Somya Vats, Thierry Galli
Summary: Intracellular membrane protein trafficking plays a crucial role in cellular physiology and communication. Unconventional protein secretion (UPS) provides alternative routes for protein release, bypassing the Golgi apparatus. This review focuses on Type III UPS, which involves the transport of cytoplasmic proteins in membrane carriers and their release through SNARE-dependent membrane fusion. The role of vesicular SNAREs, particularly VAMP7, in exosome, lysosome, and autophagy mediated secretion is discussed, along with the importance of unconventional secretion in cancer and neurodegeneration.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Elisa Maricchiolo, Eleonora Panfili, Andrea Pompa, Francesca De Marchis, Michele Bellucci, Maria Teresa Pallotta
Summary: In eukaryotes, there are multiple unconventional protein secretion (UPS) pathways that enable proteins to be secreted outside the cell through different mechanisms, allowing them to perform various extracellular functions. This review provides an overview of the currently identified UPS pathways in mammals and plants, highlighting their similarities and differences.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Juhyung Lee, Yue Xu, Yihong Ye
Summary: Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is a group of genetically inherited neurological disorders characterized by the build-up of autofluorescent storage materials in lysosomes. Recent studies have found a link between disruption of lysosomal homeostasis and lipofuscin accumulation in NCLs.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Viktor Zarsky
Summary: Tethering complexes mediate vesicle-target compartment contact and initiate vesicle exocytosis at specific membrane domains. Plant exocyst is stabilized at the membrane through a direct interaction, resulting in different types of exocyst with distinct functions within the cell.
Article
Cell Biology
Julie Pilliod, Maude Gelinas-Faucher, Nicole Leclerc
Summary: This study investigated the impact of VAMP8 on Tau secretion and its intra- and extracellular cleavage. The findings suggest that overexpression of VAMP8 affects the cleavage pattern of Tau both inside and outside the cells.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emily Z. Guo, Jorge E. Galan
Summary: Type III secretion systems are multiprotein molecular machines essential for the virulence of bacterial pathogens. The injectisome mediates the delivery of bacterially encoded proteins into eukaryotic target cells. The structure of the needle tip complex and its interaction with the needle filament are crucial for the translocation of effector proteins.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nava Reznik, Deborah Fass
Summary: The formation of disulfide bonds in proteins involves various enzymes and chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus. QSOX1 and QSOX2 are Golgi-resident enzymes that catalyze disulfide bonding. The localization of these catalysts in the Golgi has been puzzling, but recent studies have shown that QSOX1 also regulates glycosyltransferases in the Golgi. Additionally, some disulfide-mediated multimerization events in the Golgi are independent of QSOX1 and instead depend on low pH conditions.
Article
Plant Sciences
Kim-Kristine Mueller, Lukas Pfeifer, Lina Schuldt, Peter Szovenyi, Sophie de Vries, Jan de Vries, Kim L. Johnson, Birgit Classen
Summary: The composition of plant cell walls has changed significantly during the evolution of tracheophytes, and the cell wall of ferns, as the sister lineage to seed plants, is crucial for understanding evolutionary changes and innovations in seed plants. The study characterizes the arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) from fern genera Azolla, Salvinia, and Ceratopteris and reveals differences in AGP composition between ferns and seed plants. The findings also highlight the diversity of AGPs across different plant lineages and shed light on the evolution of tracheophytes' cell walls.