Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Shiwei Luo, Ruili Wei, Songlin Lu, Shengsheng Lai, Jialiang Wu, Zhe Wu, Xinrui Pang, Xinhua Wei, Xinqing Jiang, Xin Zhen, Ruimeng Yang
Summary: This study investigates the impact of different volume of interest (VOI) delineation strategies on machine learning-based predictive models for discrimination between low and high nuclear grade clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) on dynamic contrast-enhanced CT. The findings suggest that radiomics features extracted from the unenhanced phase (UP) and excretory phase (EP) outperform features from other phases in differentiating high vs low nuclear grade ccRCC. Shape features and first-order statistics features showed superior discrimination ability.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Rachel N. Grisham, Brian M. Slomovitz, Nicole Andrews, Susana Banerjee, Jubilee Brown, Mark S. Carey, Herman Chui, Robert L. Coleman, Amanda N. Fader, Stephanie Gaillard, Charlie Gourley, Anil K. Sood, Bradley J. Monk, Kathleen N. Moore, Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Ie-Ming Shih, Shannon N. Westin, Kwong-Kwok Wong, David M. Gershenson
Summary: Compared with high-grade serous carcinoma, low-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary or peritoneum is a less common and chemoresistant ovarian cancer that affects younger women. Recent advances in molecular characterization and targeted therapies offer hope for improved outcomes. A panel of experts convened for a workshop in October 2022 to develop a consensus document addressing diagnosis, treatment, pathology, translational research, and epidemiology of low-grade serous carcinoma.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yuji Sunada, Naoki Isobe, Makoto S. Tashiro, Motoki Kino, Shoko Koyama, Satomi Nakahara
Summary: This article investigates the far-infrared counterpart of hotspot D of the radio galaxy Cygnus A, determining that the far-infrared emission is attributed to synchrotron radiation from the radio-emitting electron population. Through a detailed analysis, the magnetic field and radius of the hotspot are tightly determined, with further investigation indicating that the observed X-ray flux is highly dominated by synchrotron self-Compton emission.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Antonio d'Amati, Federica Pezzuto, Gabriella Serio, Andrea Marzullo, Francesco Fortarezza, Teresa Lettini, Gerardo Cazzato, Gennaro Cormio, Leonardo Resta
Summary: Mesonephric adenocarcinomas are rare tumors in the female genital tract, primarily found in the cervix and vagina, thought to originate from embryonic remnants. Conversely, mesonephric adenocarcinomas in the endometrium and ovary are believed to have a different pathogenesis, possibly originating from transdifferentiated Mullerian carcinomas. Some cases of mesonephric carcinomas may show a sarcomatous component, known as mesonephric carcinosarcomas, with poor prognosis and high metastatic behavior, but this entity has not been described in the ovary before.
Article
Cell Biology
Rymgul S. Moldassarina, Gulshat K. Manabayeva, Zhansulu Ye Akylzhanova, Azima M. Rashidova
Summary: There is still no unified theory explaining the occurrence of adenomyosis. The theories of retrograde menstruation, metaplasia, activation of Mullerian residues, etc. have been discussed. Among these theories, retrograde menstruation theory is considered the most relevant. The study aimed to assess the hormonal status and nutrient levels in women with both fibroids and adenomyosis, through analyzing blood samples and removed uterine tissues.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Business
Yuchen Gao, Si Zhang, Yimei Hu
Summary: The study shows that R&D subsidized loans have a positive impact on firms' new product sales, but they inhibit exploratory patent applications and R&D activities with higher risks.
JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
David M. Z. B. Hennes, James Sewell, Michael Kerger, Christopher M. Hovens, Justin S. Peters, Anthony J. Costello, Andrew Ryan, Niall M. Corcoran
Summary: The research assessed the concordance between biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens using different grading systems, showing that the 2014 ISUP modified system improves overall concordance between the two types of specimens. This improvement allows for more accurate prognostication and management in high-grade disease, independent of other factors.
Article
Economics
Oleg Sidorkin, Martin Srholec
Summary: This study examines the output additionality effects of direct support to business R&D in the Czech Republic from 2004 to 2016. The results show that the subsidies stimulated new applications for formal intellectual property protection domestically, but not internationally. The paper concludes with reflections on the justification, design, and evaluation of subsidy programmes of this kind.
JOURNAL OF THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Di Tian, Yanmei Xing, Wenli Gao, Hongyan Zhang, Yifeng Song, Ya Tian, Zhongliang Dai
Summary: This study provides the first evidence that clinical doses of sevoflurane aggravate the progression of AD via the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD axis. Our findings elucidate the crucial mechanisms of NLRP3/caspase-1 in pyroptosis and tau pathogenesis induced by sevoflurane and suggest that VX-765 could represent a novel therapeutic intervention for treating AD.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yijun Yang, Chao Min, Hao Luo, Frank Kauker, Robert Ricker, Qinghua Yang
Summary: This study estimates sea ice volume (SIV) flux and its age evolution through the Fram Strait using a parameter-optimized and fully physical ocean-sea ice coupled model and sea ice age observation. The mean annual SIV flux from 1979-2021 is estimated at about 1605 +/- 315 km(3) yr(-1) without a significant trend. The proportions of different age groups in the SIV flux show diverse variations, with second-year and third-year ice significantly increasing and fourth-year and five-year and older ice significantly decreasing in the 2010s compared to the 1980s. The dominant age of annual volume export through the Fram Strait shifts from four-year and five-year and older ice to second-year and third-year ice around 2007/2008. The study highlights the decreasing influence of Fram Strait SIV export on Arctic SIV variability with decreasing sea ice age.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shazina Saeed, Priyadarshini Choudhury, Syed Ansar Ahmad, Tanveer Alam, Rajat Panigrahi, Shahid Aziz, Sultan Mohammed Kaleem, Smita. R. R. Priyadarshini, Pradyumna Ku Sahoo, Shamimul Hasan
Summary: Oral lichen planus is a chronic mucocutaneous condition with no defined treatment strategy. This systematic review found that vitamin D, used as adjuvant therapy, significantly improved the symptoms of oral lichen planus. More studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these results.
Article
Economics
Adriana Zablocka-Abi Yaghi, Tomasz Tomaszewski
Summary: This research examines the impact of R&D and innovation subsidies on Polish manufacturing companies. The results show a positive effect on patent applications, intellectual property protection, process innovations, etc., but no significant impact on R&D expenditures and product innovations. The analysis also reveals that subsidies have different effects on exporters and non-exporters in terms of R&D cooperation and crowding-out. Additionally, subsidies affect foreign-owned enterprises and domestic capital-dominated enterprises differently in terms of patent applications and product innovations.
JOURNAL OF THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Yu Zhang, Jie Min, Chunxia Liu, Yuechen Li
Summary: This study quantitatively analyzed the spatial structure of catering services in the main urban area of Chongqing, finding that the distribution of catering services in the area is consistent with a multi-center group distribution both statically and dynamically, with a tendency of adhering development between groups. Additionally, the symmetrical distribution of the catering industry in the mountainous city reflected a certain generalized symmetrical structure.
ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Amir M. Khoshiwal, Nicola F. Frei, Roos E. Pouw, Christian Smolko, Meenakshi Arora, Jennifer J. Siegel, Lucas C. Duits, Rebecca J. Critchley-Thorne, Jacques J. G. H. M. Bergman
Summary: This study compared the performance of a tissue systems pathology test (TSP-9) with generalist and expert pathology in risk stratifying patients with low-grade dysplasia (LGD) in Barrett's esophagus (BE). The results showed that the TSP-9 test outperformed the pathologists in detecting patients who progressed.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Kai Zhao, Guochen Sun, Qun Wang, Zhe Xue, Gang Liu, Yirong Xia, Anhui Yao, Yue Zhao, Na You, Chenxuan Yang, Bainan Xu
Summary: This study found that using conventional MRI and CT features can help diagnose IDH mutation and 1p/19q deletion status in WHO grade II glioma patients, which is important for patient prognosis and treatment selection.
ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Mariana Bertoncelli Tanaka, Kirpal Sahota, James Burn, Alison Falconer, Mathias Winkler, Hashim U. Ahmed, Tina G. Rashid
Summary: The risk of prostate cancer in transgender women who have not undergone gender-affirming hormone therapy or surgery is the same as cis males. For transgender women on hormone therapy or after surgery, the incidence of prostate cancer is lower but diagnosis and treatment is more complex. Future research is needed to develop evidence-based guidelines for managing prostate cancer in transgender women.
Article
Oncology
Richard A. Adams, David J. Fisher, Janet Graham, Jenny F. Seligmann, Matthew Seymour, Richard Kaplan, Emma Yates, Mahesh Parmar, Susan D. Richman, Philip Quirke, Rachel Butler, Ewan Brown, Fiona Collinson, Stephen Falk, Harpreet Wasan, Kai-Keen Shiu, Gary Middleton, Leslie Samuel, Richard H. Wilson, Louise C. Brown, Timothy S. Maughan
Summary: Despite strong evidence of disease control with maintenance therapy, overall survival (OS) remains unaffected. The FOCUS4-N trial demonstrated significant efficacy in progression-free survival (PFS) with maintenance capecitabine therapy, but no significant improvement in OS. Toxicity between the capecitabine and active monitoring groups was comparable, with expected side effects such as fatigue, diarrhea, and hand-foot syndrome.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
E. J. Bass, A. Pantovic, M. J. Connor, S. Loeb, A. R. Rastinehad, M. Winkler, Rhian Gabe, H. U. Ahmed
Summary: Using MRI-guided biopsy offers superior detection rates of clinically significant PCa and reduces the detection of insignificant PCa compared to TRUS-GB in patients with suspected prostate cancer. However, no individual MRI-GB technique was found to be better in detecting csPCa. Prospective adequately powered randomized controlled trials are needed for further validation.
PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Louise C. Brown, Janet Graham, David Fisher, Richard Adams, Jenny Seligmann, Matthew Seymour, Richard Kaplan, Emma Yates, Mahesh Parmar, Susan D. Richman, Philip Quirke, Rachel Butler, Kaikeen Shiu, Gary Middleton, Leslie Samuel, Richard H. Wilson, Timothy S. Maughan
Summary: FOCUS4 is a molecularly stratified umbrella trial in metastatic colorectal cancer, using adaptive statistical methodology to close sub-trials and add new therapies. Feedback from investigators at the close of the trial was consolidated into recommendations and lessons learned for similar future trials.
Editorial Material
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Tobias Penzkofer, Anwar R. Padhani, Baris Turkbey, Hashim U. Ahmed
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Giorgio Brembilla, Francesco Giganti, Harbir Sidhu, Massimo Imbriaco, Sue Mallett, Armando Stabile, Alex Freeman, Hashim U. Ahmed, Caroline Moore, Mark Emberton, Shonit Punwani
Summary: The study found that abbreviated biparametric MRI protocols can match the diagnostic accuracy of standard biparametric MRI and multiparametric MRI for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer. When used in low-prevalence settings, higher cut-offs for MRI positivity should be prioritized.
Article
Oncology
Bhavna Oza, Tim Eisen, Eleni Frangou, Grant D. Stewart, Axel Bex, Alastair W. S. Ritchie, Rick Kaplan, Benjamin Smith, Ian D. Davis, Martin R. Stockler, Laurence Albiges, Bernard Escudier, James Larkin, Steven Joniau, Barry Hancock, Gregers G. Hermann, Joaquim Bellmunt, Mahesh K. B. Parmar, Patrick Royston, Angela Meade
Summary: This study provides a robust external validation of the 2003 Leibovich score using contemporary data, demonstrating its discriminative accuracy and calibration in predicting risk for patients with locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The score can be used to guide risk stratification in adjuvant clinical trials for RCC patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Urology & Nephrology
Alexander Light, Hashim U. Ahmed, Taimur T. Shah
Summary: Recurrence of prostate cancer is common after radical radiotherapy, and accurate detection and localization of the recurrent disease is crucial for treatment planning. While PET-CT is increasingly used to detect metastatic disease, its value for identifying and characterizing intraprostatic recurrence needs improvement.
NATURE REVIEWS UROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Samuel William David Merriel, Stephanie Archer, Alice S. Forster, David Eldred-Evans, John McGrath, Hashim Uddin Ahmed, Willie Hamilton, Fiona M. Walter
Summary: This study explored patient and GP experiences of prostate cancer diagnostic pathways in England. Patients preferred "one-stop" pathways integrating MRI and specialist consultations, while GPs were uncertain about identifying patients needing urgent prostate cancer testing.
Letter
Urology & Nephrology
Edward J. J. Bass, Hashim U. U. Ahmed
Editorial Material
Primary Health Care
Samuel W. D. Merriel, Andrew Seggie, Hashim Ahmed
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Martin J. J. Connor, Michael A. A. Gorin, David Eldred-Evans, Edward J. J. Bass, Ankit Desai, Tim Dudderidge, Mathias Winkler, Hashim U. U. Ahmed
Summary: Approaches and techniques for diagnostic prostate biopsy have evolved significantly in recent decades, with advancements from finger-guided techniques to MRI-directed strategies, aspiration cytology to tissue core sampling, and transrectal to transperineal approaches. Transperineal biopsy approaches have particularly improved antibiotic stewardship and reduced infectious complications. Additionally, future prostate biopsy methods may integrate novel techniques such as 3D-ultrasonography fusion reconstruction, molecular targeting based on PET imaging, and autonomous robotic-assisted biopsy. This Perspective reviews the history of prostate biopsy and discusses the current and future role of imaging in prostate biopsy.
NATURE REVIEWS UROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Dmitri Pchejetski, Ewan Hunter, Mehrnoush Dezfouli, Matthew Salter, Ryan Powell, Jayne Green, Tarun Naithani, Christina Koutsothanasi, Heba Alshaker, Jiten Jaipuria, Martin J. Connor, David Eldred-Evans, Francesca Fiorentino, Hashim Ahmed, Alexandre Akoulitchev, Mathias Winkler
Summary: Prostate cancer is a common disease affecting one out of six men during their lifetime. The current prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test is not accurate, leading to unnecessary biopsies and false reassurance. A new epigenetic test, combined with the PSA test, has been developed and shows better diagnostic accuracy. The new test, called the PSE test, is accurate, rapid, minimally invasive, and inexpensive, and has the potential to significantly improve prostate cancer diagnosis.
Letter
Urology & Nephrology
Alexander Light, Xiaomeng Li, Marjorie Otieno, Hashim U. Ahmed, Taimur T. Shah
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Oliver Brunckhorst, Jaroslaw Liszka, Callum James, Jack B. Fanshawe, Mohamed Hammadeh, Robert Thomas, Shahid Khan, Matin Sheriff, Hashim U. Ahmed, Mieke Van Hemelrijck, Gordon Muir, Robert Stewart, Prokar Dasgupta, Kamran Ahmed
Summary: This study aims to explore the potential treatment, patient, and oncological factors associated with mental wellbeing outcomes in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients. It will recruit 300 participants undergoing different treatment options for 12-month follow-up and collect questionnaire-based data for analysis. The results will provide clinical value in guiding future prognosis research and identifying individuals in need of additional monitoring or support.
