Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Melody Hermel, Madison Lieberman, Leandro Slipczuk, Jamal S. Rana, Salim S. Virani
Summary: This article provides an update on the use of monoclonal antibodies, gene silencing therapies, and gene editing techniques for the management of hyperlipidemia. It reviews the cutting-edge pharmaceuticals targeting LDL cholesterol, PCSK9, lipoprotein (a), angiopoietin-like 3, and apolipoprotein C3. The available and upcoming biotechnological lipid therapies are discussed for clinicians managing patients with familial hyperlipidemia, statin intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, or elevated lipoprotein (a) levels.
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Ewa Wieczorek, Agnieszka Cwiklinska, Maciej Jankowski
Summary: Epidemiological and clinical studies have shown a causal association between serum triglyceride levels and the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Laboratory parameters reflecting triglyceride content are recommended for routine lipid analysis and risk assessment. In addition to triglycerides and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, there are other biomarkers related to triglyceride metabolism.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bai-Hui Zhang, Fan Yin, Ya-Nan Qiao, Shou-Dong Guo
Summary: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally, with atherosclerosis as its main pathological basis. The causal association between elevated triglyceride levels and atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) has been controversial, but recent studies have shown that triglycerides are the main causal risk factors for residual ASCVD.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Aleesha Shaik, Robert S. Rosenson
Summary: Even with aggressive lowering of LDL-C, there is still a residual risk of CVD. High triglycerides have been associated with increased CVD risk independently of LDL-C. New genetics-guided pharmacotherapies have been developed to reduce levels of triglycerides and TGRLs in order to reduce the risk of CVD.
CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Fabien Picard, Deepak L. Bhatt, Gregory Ducrocq, E. Magnus Ohman, Shinya Goto, Kim A. Eagle, Peter W. F. Wilson, Sidney C. Smith, Yedid Elbez, Philippe Gabriel Steg
Summary: Through the data from REACH registry, it was found that 11.3% of patients met the eligibility criteria for the REDUCE-IT trial. These eligible patients had a higher risk of cardiac atherothrombotic events but a lower risk of stroke compared to those ineligible for the trial due to lower triglyceride levels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dariush Mozaffarian, Kevin C. Maki, Harold E. Bays, Fernando Aguilera, Glenn Gould, Robert A. Hegele, Patrick M. Moriarty, Jennifer G. Robinson, Peilin Shi, Josefina F. Tur, Jean-Francois Lapointe, Sarya Aziz, Pierre Lemieux
Summary: This study found that omega-3-PL/FFA, a novel krill oil-derived omega-3 formulation, can reduce TG levels and is safe and well tolerated in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Toshihide Izumida, Teruhiko Imamura, Nikhil Narang, Koichiro Kinugawa
Summary: Pemafibrate effectively lowers serum triglyceride levels and reduces the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Factors such as comorbidities and pemafibrate dosage are associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular events, suggesting that a higher dose of pemafibrate should be considered for patients with chronic heart failure or coronary disease.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Duanbin Li, Zhezhe Chen, Yu Shan, Tianli Hu, Xulin Hong, Jun Zhu, Yunhui Zhu, Guosheng Fu, Min Wang, Wenbin Zhang
Summary: This study found a positive association between aldehyde co-exposure and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), which may be partially mediated by liver enzymes. Aldehydes such as 4AL, 5AL, I5AL, and 7AL were shown to have the strongest impact on HTG. Additionally, aldehyde co-exposure was also positively associated with liver enzymes.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Elias Bjornson, Niina Matikainen, Sanni Soderlund, Joel Ramo, Mari-Mia Ainola, Antti Hakkarainen, Carina Sihlbom, Annika Thorsell, Linda Andersson, Per-Olof Bergh, Marcus Henricsson, Stefano Romeo, Martin Adiels, Samuli Ripatti, Markku Laakso, Chris J. Packard, Jan Boren
Summary: This study investigates the impact of apoC-III on lipoprotein metabolism in individuals with a loss-of-function mutation in the APOC3 gene. The results demonstrate that lowering apoC-III levels significantly affects the metabolism of lipoproteins and remnants, potentially having important implications for cardiovascular disease prevention.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jin Xu, Liyuan Zhu, Yingying Xie, Miao Zhang, Zixi Xiao, Rongkai Su, Tie Wen, Ling Liu
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the effects of Xuezhikang and Pravastatin on triglyceride levels and other blood lipid parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia, and provide more information on optimizing lipid control in diabetes patients.
CURRENT VASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Jolien Visser, Willemien van Zwol, Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
Summary: This review provides the latest progress in researching the accumulation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) and its association with pancreatitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Recent findings suggest that targeting specific proteins involved in TRL metabolism effectively reduces triglyceride levels. However, further research is needed to evaluate the potential of these drugs in reducing the risk of atherosclerosis.
CURRENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Fabien Picard, Philippe Gabriel Steg
Summary: Epidemiological and Mendelian studies have shown a strong correlation between hypertriglyceridemia and CVD. Even in patients with optimal LDL-C levels, triglycerides remain important predictors for lower residual cardiovascular risk. High-dose EPA has demonstrated a clear benefit in reducing cardiovascular events in hypertriglyceridemic patients.
CURRENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
John M. Grisham, Andrew H. Tran, Kate Ellery
Summary: Severe hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) is less common in pediatric patients compared to adults, but evidence suggests it can be associated with more severe course and complications. Treatment involves inpatient management, dietary modification, and long-term interventions. Evidence-based management guidelines for pediatric patients have not been well established.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Seth S. Martin, Justin K. Niles, Harvey W. Kaufman, Zuhier Awan, Ola Elgaddar, Rihwa Choi, Sunhyun Ahn, Rajan Verma, Mahesh Nagarajan, Andrew Don-Wauchope, Maria Helane Costa Gurgel Castelo, Caio Kenji Hirose, David James, Derek Truman, Maja Todorovska, Ana Momirovska, Hedviga Pivovarnikova, Monika Rakociova, Pedro Louzao-Gudin, Janserey Batu, Nehmat El Banna, Hema Kapoor
Summary: This study evaluated the variation in lipid profiles across different countries to improve understanding of cardiovascular risk and interventions. The results showed wide variation in lipid levels worldwide, reflecting differences in genetics, testing methods, lifestyle habits, and treatments. Elevated atherogenic lipid levels are a common global problem, highlighting the importance of national policies and health system approaches to reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Xinghao Xu, Rihua Huang, Yifen Lin, Yue Guo, Zhenyu Xiong, Xiangbin Zhong, Xiaomin Ye, Miaohong Li, Xiaodong Zhuang, Xinxue Liao
Summary: This study found that higher baseline TyG index levels and higher long-term trajectory of TyG index during young adulthood were significantly associated with an increased risk of incident CVD events and all-cause mortality in later life.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2022)
