Article
Plant Sciences
Kexiao Song, Jinzhu Gao, Shuo Li, Yunfu Sun, Haoyang Sun, Baiyu An, Tianming Hu, Xueqing He
Summary: Rare earth elements (REEs) at high concentrations can be toxic to plant growth, but treatments with lanthanum, cerium, and terbium also showed positive effects on seed germination and root length while decreasing chlorophyll content in alfalfa seedlings. In vitro experiments and quantum chemical calculations demonstrated that the decrease in chlorophyll content was caused by reactions between REEs and chlorophyll, leading to the formation of lanthanides-chlorophyll complexes.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Daniele Paderni, Luca Giorgi, Vieri Fusi, Mauro Formica, Gianluca Ambrosi, Mauro Micheloni
Summary: Rare earth elements (REEs) are a group of elements playing critical roles in modern applications, with scientists showing strong interests in their new applications. However, the development of chemical sensors suitable for selective sensing of REE ions remains a challenging task due to their complicated coordination properties.
COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mathieu Desrosiers, Guillaume Pelletier, Denis Dieme, Jonathan Cote, Malek Jomaa, Andy Nong, Michele Bouchard
Summary: Toxicokinetic models are developed for four rare earth elements to establish biomonitoring equivalents (BE) as biological guidance values, based on experimental kinetic data showing disappearance from blood, accumulation in liver, and excretion mainly through feces. The model with 19 compartments fits well with experimental data and can be used for other REEs modeling. BEs of Pr and Nd were derived from provisional RfD, allowing for rapid screening and risk assessments in different populations.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jonathan C. Callura, Qingyang Shi, David A. Dzombak, Athanasios K. Karamalidis
Summary: This study investigated the extraction of rare earth elements (REE) from saline solutions using polymer resin beads functionalized with N,N-bis(phosponomethyl)glycine (BPG). The results showed that the BPG-functionalized resins were highly selective for REE and could efficiently adsorb and recover heavy metals. Competitive batch adsorption experiments and column experiments demonstrated the high adsorption efficiency and recovery rate of REE using BPG-functionalized resins.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
James C. Hower, Cortland F. Eble, Shelley D. Hopps, Tonya D. Morgan
Summary: The chemistry of rare earth elements in Pond Creek coal in Pike County, Kentucky was examined, and it was found that their concentration and distribution varied significantly between lithotypes, possibly due to hydrothermal enrichment and geological movements.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
James C. Hower, Cortland F. Eble, Na Wang, Shifeng Dai
Summary: The Pennsylvania Anthracite Fields, historically a significant coal mining area, now mainly focuses on surface mining of remaining pillars from underground mining. Geochemical studies show differentiation in coal products, with refuse samples containing enriched mineral elements.
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Emmanuel Yaw Owusu-Fordjour, Xinbo Yang
Summary: Bioleaching, using microorganisms to dissolve minerals and extract Rare Earth Elements (REEs) in aqueous media, has gained attention for its potential eco-friendliness compared to other extraction methods. Mixed culture bioleaching is preferred for efficient REEs extraction, promoting closed-loop recycling and reducing supply chain issues. This literature review provides an overview of challenges, opportunities, microorganisms, mechanisms, approaches, parameters, and techno-economic considerations related to REEs bioleaching, and offers recommendations for future advancements.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Mateusz Dembowski, John E. Rowley, Kevin Boland, Janelle Droessler, David A. Hathcoat, Alexandria Marchi, George S. Goff, Iain May
Summary: This study evaluates the application of High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography (HSCCC) in the separation of non-radioactive rare earth elements (REEs). The results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of HSCCC in separating a subset of REEs, providing potential applications in radioelement separation chemistry.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Walter Leal Filho, Richard Kotter, Pinar Goekcin Ozuyar, Ismaila Rimi Abubakar, Joao Henrique Paulino Pires Eustachio, Newton R. Matandirotya
Summary: The boom in technological advances has increased demand for rare earth elements (REEs) in various industries, including the clean energy sector, raising concerns about their environmental, economic, and social impacts. This paper reviews the complexities of REEs' production, consumption, and reuse or recovery, presenting current trends and challenges. It provides policy recommendations for addressing these issues and achieving sustainable development goals.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Anthony Stockdale, Steven A. Banwart
Summary: Demand for rare earth elements is increasing, with ion-adsorption type REE ore deposits being exploited in southern China and global interest in identifying potential reserves. Research shows that NH4Cl solutions can efficiently extract REEs, with identifiable stages during the extraction process.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
James C. Hower, John G. Groppo, Heileen Hsu-Kim, Ross K. Taggart
Summary: The distribution of Rare Earth elements (REE) in coal-derived fly ashes varies depending on the coal source and basins. Different coal types exhibit variations in REE concentration and distribution in fly ashes. The signature of REE in fly ashes can be indicative of their behavior in extraction processes, but the actual distribution may differ between fly ashes from different basins.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
M. Rucki, K. Kejlova, A. Vlkova, D. Jirova, M. Dvorakova, L. Svobodova, H. Kandarova, S. Letasiova, H. Kolarova, M. Mannerstrom, T. Heinonen
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the toxicological profile of rare earth elements salts (REEs) through a series of experiments evaluating cytotoxicity, environmental toxicity, skin irritation and corrosion potential, mutagenicity, endocrine disruption, and skin sensitization. The results showed that the tested REEs have no potential for mutagenicity or skin sensitization, but exhibit acute and chronic toxic effects on the aquatic environment.
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
(2021)
Review
Polymer Science
Gabriel Salfate, Julio Sanchez
Summary: The demand for rare earth elements (REEs) has been increased by contemporary industrial processes and the application of new technologies. However, the increased mining of REEs has led to a supply crisis. Researchers have recently started considering the viability of recovering REEs from secondary sources such as mining wastewaters and acid mine drainage. In order to find more sustainable processes, the performance of various adsorption/ion exchange materials in capturing REEs from water sources is being evaluated.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Alexander T. Brown, Kenneth J. Balkus
Summary: There is a need for the development of new solid-phase adsorbents for element extraction from coal ash. High surface area carbon adsorbents are effective in adsorbing rare earth elements, and MFC-O has shown exceptional extraction capabilities for rare earth elements, thorium, and uranium. The binding properties of MFC-O make it an attractive material for selective extraction of rare earth elements from coal ash.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ye Yuan, Yajie Yang, Katie R. Meihaus, Shenli Zhang, Xin Ge, Wei Zhang, Roland Faller, Jeffrey R. R. Long, Guangshan Zhu
Summary: The use of coordination complexes within covalent organic frameworks can enhance their structures and properties. In this study, a series of crystalline covalent organic frameworks with tunable scandium incorporation were prepared by combining organic ligands and scandium coordination complexes. These frameworks showed high selectivity for Sc3+ ions over common impurity ions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Michael A. Boreen, Trevor D. Lohrey, Guodong Rao, R. David Britt, Laurent Maron, John Arnold
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Michael A. Boreen, Karl N. McCabe, Trevor D. Lohrey, Fabian A. Watt, Laurent Maron, Stephan Hohloch, John Arnold
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Brighton A. Skeel, Michael A. Boreen, Trevor D. Lohrey, John Arnold
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Mark D. Straub, Liane M. Moreau, Yusen Qiao, Erik T. Ouellette, Michael A. Boreen, Trevor D. Lohrey, Nicholas S. Settineri, Stephan Hohloch, Corwin H. Booth, Stefan G. Minasian, John Arnold
Summary: This study discusses the synthesis of three new multinuclear uranium nitride complexes, showing the influence of amidinate ligand substituents and azide source on the composition and size of these complexes. By conducting N-15 isotopic labeling experiments, it was confirmed that the bridging nitride moieties in the complexes were formed via two-electron reduction of azide. Additionally, magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed a U(IV) oxidation state for the uranium centers in the complexes, with a trend of decreasing magnetic moments with increasing oxidation state along the U(III)-U(IV)-U(V) series.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Jade Fostvedt, Michael A. Boreen, Robert G. Bergman, John Arnold
Summary: This study demonstrates the formation of a diverse array of organic and organometallic products containing newly formed C-C bonds via successive methyl transfers from di-, tri-, and tetramethyl Ta(V) precursors to unsaturated small molecule substrates. The reactions of Ta(V) methyl complexes with CO led to the formation of oxo enolate Ta(V) products and imido enamine Ta(V) products. Surprisingly, a new dianionic scorpionate ligand was formed through a reaction involving methyl transfer from the metal center. Mechanistic studies revealed a new reaction pathway in early transition metal chemistry.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mark D. Straub, Erik T. Ouellette, Michael A. Boreen, R. David Britt, Khetpakorn Chakarawet, Iskander Douair, Colin A. Gould, Laurent Maron, Iker Del Rosal, David Villarreal, Stefan G. Minasian, John Arnold
Summary: The paragraph translated above discusses the reduction reactions of U(III) and Th(IV) metal complexes with KC8, analyzing the structures and reactivity of the resulting products.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Michael A. Boreen, Christopher Z. Ye, Andrew Kerridge, Karl N. McCabe, Brighton A. Skeel, Laurent Maron, John Arnold
Summary: This study investigates the mechanism of isomerization of uranium complexes. Experimental and computational studies reveal two different intramolecular C-H activation mechanisms involved.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Christopher Z. Ye, Iker Del Rosal, Michael A. Boreen, Erik T. Ouellette, Dominic R. Russo, Laurent Maron, John Arnold, Clement Camp
Summary: Reaction of potassium pentamethylcyclopentadienyl iridate tris-hydride with UCl4 and ThCl4 led to the generation of multimetallic complexes with different hydride bonding modes. Computational studies suggest that the bonding between U/Th and Ir is significant and involving f-orbitals. The variation in hydride bonding is attributed to differences in dispersion effects.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gabriela I. Vargas-Zuniga, Michael A. Boreen, Daniel N. Mangel, John Arnold, Jonathan L. Sessler
Summary: The diverse coordination modes and electronic features of actinide complexes of porphyrins and related oligopyrrolic systems have been the subject of interest since the 1960s. Most work has focused on thorium and uranium, but the ligand environments provided by porphyrinoids have led to the stabilization of unique complexes with early actinides. This review summarizes key examples of prophyrinoid actinide complexes, with emphasis on synthesis, structure, electronic features, and reactivity patterns of representative systems.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mark D. Straub, Erik T. Ouellette, Michael A. Boreen, Jacob A. Branson, Alex Ditter, A. L. David Kilcoyne, Trevor D. Lohrey, Matthew A. Marcus, Maria Paley, Jose Ramirez, David K. Shuh, Stefan G. Minasian, John Arnold
Summary: Four homoleptic thorium(iv) amidate complexes were synthesized as single-source molecular precursors for thorium dioxide. The substituents on the amidate ligands significantly impacted their volatility and thermal stability, with ThO2 samples formed from C-alkyl amidates showing higher purity and crystallinity than those formed from C-aryl amidates. These complexes decomposed via alkene elimination to give ThO2 without the need for a secondary oxygen source.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Michael A. Boreen, John Arnold
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Michael A. Boreen, Oliver A. Gross, Stephan Hohloch, John Arnold
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dominik P. Halter, Ryan A. Klein, Michael A. Boreen, Benjamin A. Trump, Craig M. Brown, Jeffrey R. Long
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Michael A. Boreen, Colin A. Gould, Corwin H. Booth, Stephan Hohloch, John Arnold
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Michael A. Boreen, Guodong Rao, David G. Villarreal, Fabian A. Watt, R. David Britt, Stephan Hohloch, John Arnold
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)