Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ho-Kyung Choung, Martha Kim, Sohee Oh, Kyoung Min Lee, Seok Hwan Kim
Summary: The study investigated the association between the position of central retinal vascular trunk (CRVT) and glaucoma in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients. It was found that NTG eyes had a larger offset index relative to control eyes, suggesting that LC/BMO offset may be a local susceptibility factor for NTG.
Article
Ophthalmology
Yu Sawada, Makoto Araie, Hitomi Shibata
Summary: The study found that eyes with CRVs in the superior or inferior ONH regions were more likely to have corresponding VFDs. The vertical position of the CRV was little altered throughout the development of glaucoma, with the original position potentially influencing the initial sites of VFDs.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Richul Oh, Kyoung Min Lee, Martha Kim, Sohee Oh, Seok Hwan Kim
Summary: The position of the central retinal vascular trunk (CRVT) is associated with the dominant hemisphere of visual field defect in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes. This finding suggests that the LC position relative to the BMO centre may cause structural vulnerability in the optic nerve head of PACG eyes.
ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ji-Ah Kim, Eun Ji Lee, Tae-Woo Kim, Se Joon Woo
Summary: This study found differences in the topographic morphology of the optic nerve head between eyes with normal-tension glaucoma and central retinal artery occlusion, suggesting different mechanisms of optic nerve head damage in these two conditions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Christopher A. Girkin, Akram Belghith, Christopher Bowd, Felipe A. Medeiros, Robert N. Weinreb, Jeffrey M. Liebmann, James A. Proudfoot, Linda M. Zangwill, Massimo A. Fazio
Summary: The study aimed to determine if the rate of change in the depth of the surface of the lamina cribrosa due to glaucomatous remodeling differs between glaucoma patients of African descent (AD) and European descent (ED). After adjusting for baseline characteristics, it was found that the ED group had significantly greater ALCSD posterior migration compared to the AD group.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Hun Jae Won, Kyung Rim Sung, Joong Won Shin, Youn Hye Jo, Min Kyung Song
Summary: This study found that the lamina cribrosa curvature index is generally higher at different angles in PXG and POAG eyes, with PXG eyes having steeper LC curvature compared to POAG eyes. Additionally, it was revealed that average LCCI and age are factors associated with the presence of PXG.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Jeong-Ah Kim, Seung Hyen Lee, Dong Hwan Son, Tae-Woo Kim, Eun Ji Lee, Michael J. A. Girard, Jean Martial Mari
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether the curve of the lamina cribrosa changes in eyes with normal tension glaucoma after receiving topical ocular hypotensive eye drops. OCT scans were used to measure the lamina cribrosa curvature in each eye before and after intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering treatment. The results showed that there were significant changes in the lamina cribrosa curvature in some eyes after IOP reduction.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Satish K. Panda, Haris Cheong, Tin A. Tun, Sripad K. Devella, Vijayalakshmi Senthil, Ramaswami Krishnadas, Martin L. Buist, Shamira Perera, Ching-Yu Cheng, Tin Aung, Alexandre H. Thiery, Michael J. A. Girard
Summary: This study develops a novel deep-learning approach for describing the structural phenotype of the glaucomatous optic nerve head (ONH) and serving as a robust glaucoma diagnosis tool. By analyzing the latent parameters, it reveals the changes in ONH morphology during the transition from a non-glaucoma to a glaucoma condition.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mustapha Irnaten, Colm J. O'Brien
Summary: Glaucoma is a common cause of treatable visual impairment, affecting millions of people worldwide. In this study, we investigated the role of calcium signaling in glaucomatous lamina cribrosa (LC) cells and found evidence of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and an abnormal rise in cytosolic calcium. This abnormal calcium signaling was dependent on calcium entry channels and released from internal stores in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Further research in this area may help identify potential therapeutic targets for optic neuropathy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Rafael Grytz, Mustapha El Hamdaoui, Preston A. Fuchs, Massimo A. Fazio, Ryan P. McNabb, Anthony N. Kuo, Christopher A. Girkin, Brian C. Samuels
Summary: In this study, an empirical distortion correction approach is proposed for optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices that use a fan-scanning pattern. The approach utilizes two types of reference markers to estimate the distortion correction method, and the results show that it effectively reduces distortions.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Rory Murphy, Mustapha Irnaten, Alan Hopkins, Jeffrey O'Callaghan, W. Daniel Stamer, Abbot F. Clark, Deborah Wallace, Colm J. O'Brien
Summary: The mechanosensitive transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP) plays a pivotal role in lamina cribrosa (LC) cells adopting a profibrotic and proliferative phenotype in response to aging and glaucoma. Inhibition of YAP through verteporfin may be a potential therapeutic strategy worth further investigation.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Soo-Ji Jeon, Hae-Young Lopilly Park, Chan-Kee Park
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the association of decreased vessel density in the deep peripapillary region with structural features of the lamina cribrosa. Results showed that eyes with deep vessel density defects in the peripapillary region had thinner lamina cribrosa, and the area with deep vessel density defects had thinner and deeper lamina cribrosa compared to other areas.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ryan G. Strickland, Mary Anne Garner, Alecia K. Gross, Christopher A. Girkin
Summary: Glaucomatous optic neuropathy is the main cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Lowering intraocular pressure is the only proven treatment, but it does not prevent further nerve degeneration. Cells in the optic nerve head, including lamina cribrosa cells, glial cells, and scleral fibroblasts, respond to glaucomatous conditions through extracellular matrix remodeling. Therefore, researching alternative therapies to alter this remodeling response is crucial for enhancing the survival of retinal ganglion cell axons.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chaoxu Qian, Yixing Jiang, Zhi Da Soh, Ganesan Sakthi Selvam, Shuyuan Xiao, Yih-Chung Tham, Xinxing Xu, Yong Liu, Jun Li, Hua Zhong, Ching-Yu Cheng
Summary: In this study, a deep learning algorithm was developed to estimate anterior chamber depth (ACD) from smartphone-acquired anterior segment photographs. The algorithm achieved a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.16 +/- 0.13 mm and a coefficient of determination (R-2) of 0.40 when compared to the measured ACD. The algorithm mainly utilized the central corneal region for prediction, providing further plausibility to its accuracy. This algorithm could be valuable as an ACD screening tool in rural areas where ocular biometry assessment is limited.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Do-Young Park, Hoon Noh, Changwon Kee, Jong-Chul Han
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the topographic relationships among the deep optic nerve head (ONH) parameters representing myopic axial elongation or changes in the lamina cribrosa (LC) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The study found that the AL-related parameters showed a strong spatial correspondence with glaucomatous ONH damage, whereas the LC-related parameter had less correlation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Ji-Ah Kim, Eun Ji Lee, Tae-Woo Kim
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the influence of peripapillary retinoschisis (PRS) on visual field (VF) test results in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). The results showed that PRS had no short-term effect on VF sensitivity, and VF testing can still be used for evaluating glaucomatous damage.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Thanadet Chuangsuwanich, Tin A. Tun, Fabian A. Braeu, Xiaofei Wang, Zhi Yun Chin, Satish Kumar Panda, Martin Buist, Nicholas Strouthidis, Shamira Perera, Monisha Nongpiur, Tin Aung, Michael J. A. Girard
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between optic nerve head strains under intraocular pressure elevation and retinal sensitivity in glaucoma patients. A clinic-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 229 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, divided into high-tension glaucoma (HTG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) groups. The results showed significant negative associations between optic nerve head strains and retinal sensitivity in patients with HTG, while no significant associations were observed in patients with NTG except in certain regions of the lamina cribrosa.
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
Christopher James, Michael J. Girard, Alejandro Dominguez, Adam Koller, Raul Alonso
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
Joseph Knipe, Shannon N. Mohabir, Michael J. Girard, Marquand Patton
Article
Clinical Neurology
Michael J. A. Girard, Satish Panda, Tin Aung Tun, Elisabeth A. Wibroe, Raymond P. Najjar, Tin Aung, Alexandre H. Thiery, Steffen Hamann, Clare Fraser, Dan Milea
Summary: This study developed a deep learning algorithm to automatically identify major structures of the optic nerve head (ONH) in 3D optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans and differentiate between optic disc drusen (ODD), papilledema, and healthy ONHs. The algorithm was able to accurately isolate tissues and regions associated with ODD and achieved high classification performance.
Article
Ophthalmology
Ashish Jith Sreejith Kumar, Rachel S. Chong, Jonathan G. Crowston, Jacqueline Chua, Inna Bujor, Rahat Husain, Eranga N. Vithana, Michael J. A. Girard, Daniel S. W. Ting, Ching-Yu Cheng, Tin Aung, Alina Popa-Cherecheanu, Leopold Schmetterer, Damon Wong
Summary: This study investigates the use of generative models to synthesize optical coherence tomography (OCT) images for training deep learning networks in glaucoma detection. The results demonstrate that networks trained with synthetic images perform comparably to those trained with real images, suggesting the potential importance of generative models in DL network training and data sharing across institutions.
JAMA OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Fabian A. Braeu, Alexandre H. Thiery, Tin A. Tun, Aiste Kadziauskiene, George Barbastathis, Tin Aung, Michael J. A. Girard
Summary: This study compares the performance of two recent geometric deep learning techniques in diagnosing glaucoma from a single optical coherence tomographic scan of the optic nerve head, and identifies the critical 3D structural features of the optic nerve head for glaucoma diagnosis. Both deep learning approaches accurately detected glaucoma from the 3D optic nerve head point clouds, with critical points located within the neuroretinal rim in the inferior and superior quadrants. This approach has strong potential for clinical applications in diagnosing and prognosing ophthalmic disorders.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Fabian A. Braeu, Thanadet Chuangsuwanich, Tin A. Tun, Shamira Perera, Rahat Husain, Alexandre H. Thiery, Tin Aung, George Barbastathis, Michael J. A. Girard
Summary: Using artificial intelligence techniques, the study aims to assess the robustness of the optic nerve head (ONH) by analyzing biomechanical knowledge through optical coherence tomography (OCT). Three AI algorithms were compared to predict ONH robustness and the DGCNN algorithm outperformed the others. The study suggests that ONH robustness can be assessed from a single OCT scan, providing potential insights into identifying fast visual field loss progressors.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Ji Eun Song, Seoyoung Wy, Ji-Ah Kim, Eun Ji Lee
Summary: This study reports a case of bilateral paravascular inner retinal defects (PIRDs) that enlarge with progressive myopia. These defects have different structural characteristics compared to glaucomatous retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defects. The inner retinal layers deeper than the RNFL were found to be cleaved and enlarged in both eyes along with progressive myopia and axial elongation over an 8-year follow-up period. Therefore, PIRDs that develop and enlarge with progressive myopia and axial elongation in childhood should be differentiated from the widening of RNFL defects seen in glaucoma progression.
JOURNAL OF GLAUCOMA
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Ji Eun Song, Eun Ji Lee, Tea-Woo Kim, Hyunjoong Kim
Summary: This study compared the ability of multicolor imaging (MCI) and red-free fundus photography (RFP) to detect glaucomatous retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning. The results showed that MCI performed better than RFP in the detection of OCT-determined RNFL thinning, especially in eyes with thinner RNFL and those with myopia.
PHOTODIAGNOSIS AND PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Seung Hyen Lee, Tae-Woo Kim, Eun Ji Lee, Hyunkyung Kil
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Minha Kim, Euntak Hong, Eun Ji Lee
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between optic disc morphology and paracentral scotoma in myopic eyes with open-angle glaucoma (OAG). 211 myopic eyes with OAG were divided into three groups based on the location of visual field (VF) defects. Optic disc morphology was assessed using the tilt ratio and eccentricity of the central retinal vessel trunk (CRVT). The results showed that eyes with paracentral scotoma had a higher tilt ratio compared to the other groups. Factors such as nasal location of CRVT, longer axial length, and lower VF mean deviation were found to be significantly associated with higher tilt ratio and the occurrence of paracentral scotoma.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Hyung Jun Park, Moon Jong Chang, Tae Woo Kim, Chong Bum Chang, Seung-Baik Kang
Summary: The study aimed to determine the recovery of orthopedic surgery volumes over time during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of COVID-19 on orthopedic surgery volumes weakened as the pandemic continued. While the total volumes of orthopedic surgery decreased by 8.5%-10.1% in the first wave, they recovered to a 2.2%-2.8% decrease from the expected volumes during the second and third waves. The resumption of surgery differed based on the surgical characteristics, with open reduction and internal fixation and cruciate ligament reconstruction decreasing, while total knee arthroplasty showed recovery. Hemiarthroplasty of the hip did not see a decrease throughout the year.
CLINICS IN ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Yiying Cai, Nuraini Nazeha, Shamira Perera, Alexandre H. Thiery, Michael J. A. Girard, Chen E. E. Lee, Weiwei Hong, Nicholas Graves
Summary: This study aimed to design and implement an assessment tool for informing funding decisions for competing health innovations in a tertiary hospital. The assessment tool consists of three components: value to the institution, novelty, and potential for adoption and scaling. The results demonstrated the usefulness of the assessment tool in the decision-making process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN HEALTH CARE
(2023)