Article
Plant Sciences
Juliette Benejam, Elisa Ravon, Matthieu Gaucher, Marie-Noelle Brisset, Charles-Eric Durel, Laure Perchepied
Summary: The study investigated the potential interaction between genetic and induced resistance in apple against scab and fire blight diseases. They found that ASM was effective in reducing both diseases, and that resistance QTLs and ASM-induced resistance complementarily reduced symptoms by 85% to 100%.
Article
Horticulture
Anze Svara, Kristina Ilnikar, Sebastien Carpentier, Nico De Storme, Barbara De Coninck, Wannes Keulemans
Summary: Apple production is significantly affected by apple scab disease caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis. Breeding for polyploid cultivars could enhance resistance of apple cultivars against different V. inaequalis isolates. The role of polyploidy in conferring resistance to biotic challenges is plant-pathogen-specific.
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Andreas Peil, Nicholas P. Howard, Simone Buhlmann-Schutz, Ines Hiller, Henk Schouten, Henryk Flachowsky, Andrea Patocchi
Summary: The apple scab resistance genes Rvi4 and Rvi15, which are mapped to a similar region on linkage group 2, were found to be the same gene that elicits a hypersensitive response. This discovery has great significance in apple breeding.
MOLECULAR BREEDING
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Andreas Peil, Ofere Francis Emeriewen, Awais Khan, Sarah Kostick, Mickael Malnoy
Summary: Malus domestica (apple) is a crucial global fruit crop, facing the threat of fire blight disease. Breeding for fire blight resistance is a challenging task due to high susceptibility of commercial cultivars and the need to use wild genetic sources for resistance. Efforts are being made to develop durable, environmentally friendly solutions for managing this destructive bacterial disease.
JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Malgorzata Podwyszynska, Monika Markiewicz, Agata Broniarek-Niemiec, Bozena Matysiak, Agnieszka Marasek-Ciolakowska
Summary: Polyploidization is an important source of variability for breeding, with newly obtained tetraploids showing enhanced resistance to apple scab. However, tetraploids of 'Free Redstar' exhibit poor growth compared to diploid plants, especially during the early growth phase, with differences in morphological parameters noted between the two types of plants.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Julia Weissensteiner, Christian Molitor, Silvija Marinovic, Lisa Fuehrer, Syed Waqas Hassan, Olly Sanny Hutabarat, Andreas Spornberger, Karl Stich, Johanna Hausjell, Oliver Spadiut, Christian Haselmair-Gosch, Heidi Halbwirth
Summary: Apples accumulate high levels of dihydrochalcones, with phloridzin being the most prevalent. Research suggests that 3-hydroxylation of dihydrochalcones may enhance disease resistance in apple plants. F3'H enzymes may play a role in this process, with some variations affecting their substrate specificity.
Article
Agronomy
Lior Gur, Keren Levy, Amotz Farber, Omer Frenkel, Moshe Reuveni
Summary: QoI fungicides were introduced in Israel in 1997 for apple scab control, with resistance observed only after 14 years of use, mainly in northern Israel since 2011. Resistance is related to limited fungicidal sprays and confirmed through molecular-based studies. Growers are now advised to use tank mixtures of systemic fungicides for effective management.
Article
Plant Sciences
Sarah A. Kostick, Soon Li Teh, Kate M. Evans
Summary: Phenotyping resistance/susceptibility to fire blight is challenging due to the complexity of inheritance and insufficient phenotypic information for breeding decisions. Most resistance alleles have been found in wild germplasm, while reduced susceptibility alleles have been identified in breeding parents. Although DNA-informed breeding for fire blight resistance is attractive, there are currently limited trait-predictive DNA tests available.
Article
Plant Sciences
Simon Miranda, Stefano Piazza, Floriana Nuzzo, Mingai Li, Jorge Lagreze, Axel Mithoefer, Alessandro Cestaro, Danuse Tarkowska, Richard Espley, Andrew Dare, Mickael Malnoy, Stefan Martens
Summary: The effects of targeting the key gene MdPGT1 involved in phloridzin biosynthesis in apple using conventional transgenesis and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing were simultaneously assessed. Knockdown lines showed impaired growth and leaf morphology, while genome-edited lines exhibited normal growth despite reduced phloridzin levels. Transcriptomic and metabolic analyses revealed regulated genes involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways. Phytohormone profiling demonstrated differential modulation, with increased salicylic and jasmonic acid levels in dwarf lines and no correlation between auxin and ABA with growth phenotype.
Article
Plant Sciences
Antoine Bodelot, Erwan Chavonet, Marie Noelle Brisset, Nicolas Dousset, Elisa Ravon, Christelle Heintz, Richard Berthome, Matilda Zaffuto, Marie Kempf, Melanie Foulon, Estelle Marion, Emilie Vergne, Alexandre Degrave
Summary: Lectins, a group of proteins that can bind to glycans, have been found to be overexpressed in apple plants after treatment with the resistance inducer ASM, enhancing their resistance to fire blight disease. However, despite the accumulation of MdAGG10 protein in apple and Arabidopsis plants, they remain susceptible to their respective pathogens. In vitro agglutination of bacteria by MdAGG10 does not inhibit bacterial growth, suggesting the involvement of other plant molecules in the resistance mechanism.
JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Christine Schmitz, Eike Luedeling, Shyam Pariyar
Summary: The wetting behavior and biological efficacy of Cu2+ active ingredients in agrochemical formulations can be enhanced by tank-mix additives. The addition of BT301 and BT420 additives significantly reduced surface tension and contact angle of copper treatments, leading to better coverage of the leaf surface and reduced infections. The synergetic effects of these additives showed strong biological efficacy without phytotoxic effects, which may help reduce copper loads in horticultural production systems.
ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Anze Svara, Honghe Sun, Zhangjun Fei, Awais Khan
Summary: In this study, long-read sequencing and in silico gene sequence characterization were used to identify candidate resistance genes homologous to HcrVf2 and HcrVf1 in Honeycrisp and Antonovka. Multiple highly homologous DNA sequences were identified on linkage groups 1 and 6, and two candidate genes located close to the scab-resistance marker Ch-Vf1 were found. This study provides novel genomic resources and identifies candidate genes for further resistance characterization.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Dijana Smailagic, Nevena Banjac, Slavica Ninkovic, Jelena Savic, Tatjana Cosic, Ales Pencik, Dusica Calic, Milica Bogdanovic, Milena Trajkovic, Mariana Stanisic
Summary: Apple species are a unique source of dihydrochalcones, which have a mysterious role in plants and are related to apple replant disease (ARD). This study elucidated the physiological basis of the phytotoxic action of dihydrochalcone phloretin in Arabidopsis and identified it as a prospective eco-friendly phytotoxic compound.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Stefano Piazza, Manuela Campa, Valerio Pompili, Lorenza Dalla Costa, Umberta Salvagnin, Vladimir Nekrasov, Cyril Zipfel, Mickael Malnoy
Summary: Fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora is a major issue in cultivated apples worldwide. Interspecies transfer of PRRs is a promising strategy to improve broad-spectrum and durable disease resistance in crops. Ectopic expression of EFR in apple rootstock M.26 can activate PAMP-triggered immune response, leading to reduced tissue necrosis associated with E. amylovora infection.
HORTICULTURE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
S. Tianna DuPont, Misbakhul Munir, Kerik Cox, Ken Johnson, Kari Peter, Aina Baro
Summary: Ten experiments were conducted in different states of the United States to evaluate different methods of removing fire blight cankers from apple trees. The removal methods included pruning at different distances, use of a sanitizing agent, and using a stub cut. The results showed that fire blight removal reduced rootstock blight and tree death, and the standard best management practice was branch removal at 30 cm below the cankered tissue with sanitized loppers.
JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Aitor Sainz Martinez, Christoph Kornpointner, Christian Haselmair-Gosch, Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek, Katharina Schroeder, Heidi Halbwirth
Summary: A dynamic streamlined extraction process using supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol as modifier was developed for extracting iridoids and anthocyanins from haskap berries. This process allows for the sequential extraction of different compounds, leading to higher yields of iridoids and anthocyanins compared to conventional ethanolic extraction methods.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Benjamin Walliser, Calin Rares Lucaciu, Christian Molitor, Silvija Marinovic, Daria Agata Nitarska, Didem Aktas, Thomas Rattei, Ioannis Kampatsikas, Karl Stich, Christian Haselmair-Gosch, Heidi Halbwirth
Summary: The investigation of the bi-colored dahlia cultivar 'Seattle' revealed significant differences between the yellow base and white tips in terms of anthochlor compounds and gene expression. The bicolored phenomenon is likely caused by a bottleneck in chalcone formation in the white tips, with the prevalence of flavones potentially indicating the presence of a differentially expressed chalcone reductase.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Philipp Doppler, Christoph Kornpointner, Heidi Halbwirth, Daniel Remias, Oliver Spadiut
Summary: This study isolated a novel strain of microalga Tetraedron minimum in Iceland and characterized its growth and carotenoid production in different media, revealing nitrogen starvation combined with salt stress triggers secondary carotenoid accumulation. The final composition included primarily astaxanthin and adonixanthin, alongside high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, marking the first report of secondary carotenoid formation in the family Hydrodictyaceae.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Susan Schropfer, Isabelle Vogt, Giovanni Antonio Lodovico Broggini, Andreas Dahl, Klaus Richter, Magda-Viola Hanke, Henryk Flachowsky, Andreas Peil
Summary: This study identified 211 differentially expressed genes in the response of apple to the bacterial pathogen Erwinia amylovora, with a focus on the activation of heat-shock response genes in the susceptible reaction. The potential roles of genes involved in the formation of flavonoids and terpenoids, ribosome-inactivating enzymes, and transcription factors in resistance to the pathogen were also highlighted.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Anton Milyaev, Julian Kofler, Iris Klaiber, Stefan Czemmel, Jens Pfannstiel, Henryk Flachowsky, Dario Stefanelli, Magda-Viola Hanke, Jens-Norbert Wunsche
Summary: The induction of flower buds in apple is closely related to biennial bearing, with differences found between ON- and OFF-trees and cultivars. Physiological and molecular mechanisms within the bud tissue were evaluated using a multi-omics approach, revealing pathways promoting and inhibiting early flower bud development. Metabolic profiling indicated differences in abundance of certain compounds between ON- and OFF-trees, as well as between cultivars. The study demonstrated the complex processes involved in early flower bud development and their regulation at the gene and protein level.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Christoph Kornpointner, Aitor Sainz Martinez, Silvija Marinovic, Christian Haselmair-Gosch, Polona Jamnik, Katharina Schro, Christian Lo, Heidi Halbwirth
Summary: This study investigated the secondary metabolite composition and antioxidant activities of hemp roots from three chemovars, revealing the presence of five triterpenes, ten phytosterols, and five aliphatic compounds in the root extracts. Some compounds, such as glutinol, beta-amyrone, and stigmastanol, were identified for the first time in cannabis roots. The predominant triterpenoids friedelin and epifriedelinol were quantified, showing dependence on different factors like chemovar, harvest times, drying conditions, and extraction methods.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Daria Nitarska, Robert Boehm, Thomas Debener, Rares Calin Lucaciu, Heidi Halbwirth
Summary: The study demonstrates the successful application of CRISPR/Cas9 in knocking out the F3 ' H gene in red poinsettia plants, resulting in a color change from red to reddish orange in the bracts of the transgenic plants. This alteration is accompanied by an increased ratio of pelargonidin to cyanidin in the genetically modified plants.
PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Benjamin Walliser, Silvija Marinovic, Christoph Kornpointner, Christopher Schlosser, Mustafa Abouelnasr, Olly Sanny Hutabarat, Christian Haselmair-Gosch, Christian Molitor, Karl Stich, Heidi Halbwirth
Summary: Bidens ferulifolia is a popular yellow flowering plant used for ornamental purposes. The study revealed that the color formation in this plant is influenced by flavonoids, carotenoids, and anthocyanins. Different genotypes of the plant exhibit variations in pigment composition, leading to different flower colors.
Article
Plant Sciences
Stefanie Reim, Juliane Schiffler, Annette Braun-Luellemann, Mirko Schuster, Henryk Flachowsky, Monika Hoefer
Summary: Genebank collections preserve old cultivars with breeding history, but often with synonymous or incorrect names. Pomological and genetic characterization is essential for confirming trueness-to-type of cultivars in genebank collections.
Article
Biology
Monika Hoefer, Henryk Flachowsky
Summary: In Dresden-Pillnitz, Germany, a genebank preserves samples of wild apple and pear species as well as fruit varieties using cryopreservation techniques. The dormant bud method is recommended for wild apple species, with a 39% average survival rate, while the shoot tip method is more effective for preserving wild pear species. Further experiments are planned to make a final decision for pear preservation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefanie Reim, Ofere Francis Emeriewen, Andreas Peil, Henryk Flachowsky
Summary: In this study, a high-density genetic map was established using a tunable genotyping-by-sequencing (tGBS) approach to analyze the progeny of the ARD-tolerant wild apple accession Mr5 and the ARD-susceptible rootstock 'M9'. SNP and SSR markers on linkage groups 6 and 2 were found to correlate with ARD tolerance, and nine candidate genes linked with these markers were identified.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Christoph Kornpointner, Aitor Sainz Martinez, Michael Schnurch, Heidi Halbwirth, Katharina Bica-Schroder
Summary: The study introduced the first application of IL-based dynamic supercritical CO2 extraction for cannabinoids from industrial hemp, optimizing process parameters and evaluating the impact of different ILs on extraction yield. The novel technique exhibited a synergistic effect, enabling efficient extraction of cannabinoids from industrial hemp and providing a reliable alternative to established extraction methods.