Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Lian Li, Zhouyang Xiang
Summary: The study investigated the crystallization properties of acetylated xylans, revealing a significant impact of acetylation on the crystalline characteristics of xylans. Ethanol-precipitated acetylated xylans exhibited xylan diacetate crystal peaks at DS=2, while water-precipitated acetylated xylans showed the appearance of xylan diacetate crystal peaks at DS=1.96, indicating an abrupt formation of xylan diacetate crystal with changes in DS.
Review
Plant Sciences
Zheng-Hua Ye, Ruiqin Zhong
Summary: This review provides an updated overview of cell wall biology in the moss Physcomitrium patens. The cell walls of P. patens primarily consist of cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectin, and glycoproteins, and their abundance differs among cell types and at different developmental stages. The conservation of cell wall biosynthesis genes between P. patens and vascular plants suggests that the common ancestor of mosses and vascular plants had already acquired the machinery for synthesizing various cell wall polymers. Furthermore, homologs of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway genes, although not involved in lignin synthesis, play a role in cuticle formation. Further genetic and biochemical studies in P. patens are expected to provide insights into the evolutionary history of plant cell wall structure and biosynthesis.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Olav A. Hegnar, Heidi Ostby, Dejan M. Petrovic, Lisbeth Olsson, Aniko Varnai, Vincent G. H. Eijsink
Summary: Certain AA9 LPMOs were found to preferentially cleave xylan when acting on a cellulose-glucuronoxylan mixture, and this ability is due to protein evolution resulting in specific structural features. These findings strengthen the idea that the vast arsenal of AA9 LPMOs in certain fungal species provides functional versatility and may have evolved to promote oxidative depolymerization of a wide variety of recalcitrant, copolymeric plant polysaccharide structures.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Shanyong Wang, Wenhua Gao, Yuhan Wang, Tao Song, Haisong Qi, Zhouyang Xiang
Summary: Acetylation plays a crucial role in the dispersing and emulsifying properties of xylan, with the natural degree of acetylation being vital for ensuring excellent water solubility and emulsifying ability.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sandra Fernandez-Pinan, Pau Boher, Marcal Soler, Merce Figueras, Olga Serra
Summary: This study identified molecular processes from phellogen to mature phellem cells by studying different growth stages of cork oak. Cell cycle regulation and differentiation were upregulated in the early stage of cork growth, while metabolic processes related to phellem cell composition were emphasized in the later stages.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jacob D. Crowe, Pengchao Hao, Sivakumar Pattathil, Henry Pan, Shi-You Ding, David B. Hodge, Jacob Kruger Jensen
Summary: Plant biomass, particularly the secondary cell wall (SCW) formation of cell types in eudicot plants, involves a well-understood molecular interaction between glucuronoxylan (GX) and cellulose. This study characterizes cellulose microfibril organization in GX mutants, revealing the critical role of normal GX composition in cellulose bundle formation and overall cellulose organization within SCWs. Visualized through scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, findings suggest significant perturbations in cellulose network and nanomechanical properties, impacting enzymatic hydrolysis.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Dyoni M. Oliveira
Summary: This article is a Commentary on Debra-Maceluch et al. (2023), 238: 297-312, discussing the content of the mentioned article.
Article
Plant Sciences
Ruiqin Zhong, Dennis R. Phillips, Earle R. Adams, Zheng-Hua Ye
Summary: In this study, the authors found that the FRA9 gene in Arabidopsis is specifically expressed in secondary wall-forming cells and is essential for the synthesis of the unique xylan reducing end sequence. Knockout mutation or downregulation of FRA9 leads to impaired secondary wall thickening and growth arrest in plants.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aisajan Mamat, Kuerban Tusong, Juan Xu, Peng Yan, Chuang Mei, Jixun Wang
Summary: Korla pear fruit stone cells are mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and a small amount of polysaccharides. The differentiation and apoptosis of stone cells primarily occur between 20 and 50 days after flowering. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis identified numerous genes and proteins related to secondary cell wall formation, with most being expressed at the prime stage of stone cell differentiation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Polymer Science
Petronela Nechita, Mirela Roman (Iana Roman), Silviu Marian Nastac
Summary: Based on environmental concerns, hemicelluloses are being used as a sustainable alternative to synthetic polymers in food packaging. However, due to their unique molecular structure, mechanical and barrier properties of hemicellulose films and coatings are not sufficient for food packaging applications and modification is needed. This paper explores green alternatives to acetylation for enhancing the performance of hemicellulose, particularly in paper coatings or films for food packaging.
Article
Plant Sciences
Ruiqin Zhong, Dennis R. Phillips, Zheng-Hua Ye
Summary: This study identifies several pine GT61 members as arabinosyltransferases and xylosyltransferases involved in xylan substitutions. The findings contribute to our understanding of xylan substitution mechanisms in pine.
Article
Plant Sciences
Utku Avci
Summary: Lignocellulosic biomass, consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, poses a challenge in the production of bioproducts due to its recalcitrant nature. One component, xylan, contributes to this challenge and its structure and importance can be understood through the use of cell-wall-directed antibodies.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Iredia D. Iyamu, Ayad A. Al-Hamashi, Rong Huang
Summary: In this study, a potent pan-inhibitor II757 for PRMTs was designed and synthesized, showing high inhibition for various PRMTs and competitively binding at the SAM binding site of PRMT1. II757 also exhibited selectivity for PRMTs over other methyltransferases, serving as a general probe and a lead for further optimization.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Helena Santos-Rosa, Gonzalo Millan-Zambrano, Namshik Han, Tommaso Leonardi, Marie Klimontova, Simona Nasiscionyte, Luca Pandolfini, Kostantinos Tzelepis, Till Bartke, Tony Kouzarides
Summary: The study reveals that histone H3 lysine 37 mono-methylation plays a crucial role in regulating DNA replication origin licensing, inhibiting the interaction of MCM proteins with chromatin, and maintaining low levels of MCM outside of replication origins.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Felipe Andres Venegas, Sanna Koutaniemi, Sandra M. J. Langeveld, Annie Bellemare, Sun-Li Chong, Adiphol Dilokpimol, Michael J. Lowden, Kristiina S. Hilden, Juan Francisco Leyva-Illades, Miia R. Makela, Thi Thanh My Pham, Mao Peng, Mark A. Hancock, Yun Zheng, Adrian Tsang, Maija Tenkanen, Justin Powlowski, Ronald P. de Vries
Summary: Acetyl esterases are important enzymes for fungi to degrade plant biomass. This study identified four CE16 members in the genome of Aspergillus niger NRRL3, showing diverse substrate specificity. One of the enzymes (HaeA) demonstrated activity on various oligosaccharides, making it a promising candidate for biotechnological applications.