Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Bernard Bigot
Summary: By the end of 2019, ITER has completed about 67% of the overall work required to achieve First Plasma, with significant progress in key building completion and manufacturing. The project is on track to enter the Assembly Phase in 2020 and achieve First Plasma in 2025. The ITER Research Plan and systems installation are consistent with the planned timeline towards full fusion power operation in 2035.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Y. Corre, A. Grosjean, J. P. Gunn, K. Krieger, S. Ratynskaia, O. Skalli-Fettachi, C. Bourdelle, S. Brezinsek, V Bruno, N. Chanet, J. Coenen, X. Courtois, R. Dejarnac, E. Delmas, L. Delpech, C. Desgranges, M. Diez, L. Dubus, A. Durif, A. Ekedahl, N. Fedorczak, M. Firdaouss, J-L Gardarein, J. Gaspar, J. Gerardin, C. Guillemaut, M. Houry, T. Loarer, P. Maget, P. Mandelbaum, R. Mitteau, M. Missirlian, P. Moreau, R. Nouailletas, E. Nardon, C. Pocheau, A. Podolnik, P. Reilhac, X. Regal-Mezin, C. Reux, M. Richou, F. Rigollet, J-L Schwob, E. Thoren, P. Tolias, E. Tsitrone
Summary: The controlled and sustained tungsten melting experiment on an ITER-like plasma facing unit (PFU) was successfully conducted in WEST, with no noticeable impact on plasma operation. This involved exposing the leading edge to a high heat flux for up to 5 seconds, resulting in material displacement and excavation depth of about 230 µm.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoping Li, Hongyu Fan, Weifeng Liu, Yunqiu Cui, Chunjie Niu, Weiyuan Ni, Yinghui Zhang, Shuyu Dai, Gunther Benstetter, Guangjiu Lei, Dongping Liu
Summary: The thermal diffusion of nanostructured W fuzz layers under fusion-relevant He+ irradiations was investigated by analyzing energetic ion collision processes. The simulation predicts the temperature distribution and heat flux of fuzz layers, showing their potential role in reducing extremely high heat loads in fusion devices.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
B. Bigot
Summary: Significant progress has been made in the construction and assembly of the ITER tokamak components since the IAEA FEC 2018. Manufacturing and testing of key components are completed, and systems to support plasma operation are also progressing.
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Wei Zhao, Yuzhong Jin, Lin Nie, Longwen Yan, Chunjia Liu, Fan Feng, Youyu Lian, Hongxia Zhou, Guangwu Zhong, Christopher Watts
Summary: This article introduces a new design of ITER divertor Langmuir probe (DLP), called full-tungsten design. By using tungsten as the heat shield material instead of the previous copper brazing layer, the poor thermal fatigue issue of the copper brazing layer in the previous design is addressed. The analysis shows good thermal and mechanical behavior after structural optimization, and the feasibility of the design and manufacturing technology is demonstrated through the R & D work of prototypes.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Yann Corre, Torsten Loewenhoff, Marianne Richou, Sebastijan Brezinsek, Jan Coenen, Renaud Dejarnac, Mathilde Diez, Nicolas Fedorczak, Mehdi Firdaouss, Jonathan Gaspar, Alex Grosjean, James-Paul Gunn, Thierry Loarer, Celine Martin, Gerald Pintsuk, Pierre Reilhac, Quentin Tichit, Emmanuelle Tsitrone, West Team
Summary: The consequences of tungsten (W) cracking on divertor lifetime and plasma operation are high priority issues for ITER. In order to assess the damage evolution after tokamak plasma exposure, one actively cooled plasma facing unit (PFU) has been pre-damaged in a High Heat Flux (HHF) facility before its installation in WEST. The plasma exposure and dedicated experiment on the damaged PFU revealed significant broadening and new cracks in the electron beam loaded area.
NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
M. K. Skakov, I. A. Sokolov, A. Zh. Miniyazov, T. R. Tulenbergenov, Ye. Ye. Sapatayev, N. A. Orazgaliyev, O. S. Bukina
Summary: Experiments were conducted on the thermal effect of an electron beam on TGP-56 grade beryllium in vacuum. The changes in mechanical properties and melting conditions of beryllium were studied. The results showed that the edges of beryllium had good resistance to spraying under normal operating conditions, but severe spraying occurred near the melting point.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
M. Maslov, E. Lerche, F. Auriemma, E. Belli, C. Bourdelle, C. D. Challis, A. Chomiczewska, A. Dal Molin, J. Eriksson, J. Garcia, J. Hobirk, I. Ivanova-Stanik, Ph. Jacquet, A. Kappatou, Y. Kazakov, D. L. Keeling, D. B. King, V. Kiptily, K. Kirov, D. Kos, R. Lorenzini, E. de la Luna, C. F. Maggi, J. Mailloux, P. Mantica, M. Marin, G. Matthews, I. Monakhov, M. Nocente, G. Pucella, D. Rigamonti, F. Rimini, S. Saarelma, M. Salewski, E. R. Solano, Z. Stancar, G. Stankunas, H. Sun, M. Tardocchi, D. Van Eester
Summary: In JET deuterium-tritium (D-T) plasmas, fusion power is generated through thermonuclear reactions and reactions between thermal ions and fast particles. A scenario with dominant non-thermal reactivity has been developed, resulting in high fusion power and validating predictive models.
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
B. J. Ding, C. B. Wu, Y. C. Li, M. H. Li, Y. F. Wang, B. Zhang, G. H. Yan, H. Q. Liu, L. Wang, M. Wang, R. Ding, H. C. Hu, H. Lian, R. Cesario, A. A. Tuccillo, S. G. Baek, P. Bonoli, A. Ekedahl, J. F. Shan, F. K. Liu, J. P. Qian, X. Z. Gong, B. N. Wan
Summary: By studying the effect of edge plasma density on hot spot and current drive in EAST, it was found that the hot spot is mainly related to edge density and LH power, while stronger parametric instability behavior leads to a decrease in current drive capability.
NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
M. Fukuda, Y. Seki, K. Ezato, K. Yokoyama, H. Nishi, S. Suzuki, T. Hirai
Summary: This study investigated the variation in material properties and impurity levels of tungsten monoblocks manufactured using plates supplied by two Japanese companies, concluding that the variations were acceptable for use in the full-scale plasma-facing unit prototype. This provides a foundation for the final validation of the material and OVT manufacturing technology.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2021)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Andrea Uccello, William Bin, Alessandro Bruschi, Federica Causa, Anna Cremona, Marco De Angeli, Daniela Farina, Giuseppe Gatto, Gabriele Gervasini, Francesco Ghezzi, Giuseppe Gittini, Gustavo Granucci, Giovanni Grosso, Laura Laguardia, Maurizio Lontano, Vittoria Mellera, Daniele Minelli, Antonio Nardone, Matteo Pedroni, Federico Ripamonti, Natale Rispoli, Espedito Vassallo, Daria Ricci
Summary: GyM is a linear plasma device used for studying basic plasma physics and plasma-material interaction for nuclear fusion applications. It consists of a stainless steel vacuum chamber, a pumping system, a gas injection system, magnetic field coils, and magnetron sources.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
E. Lang, H. Schamis, N. Madden, C. Smith, R. Kolasinski, J. Krogstad, J. P. Allain
Summary: Tungsten is the material of choice for future nuclear fusion reactors, and the addition of dispersed second-phase particles in a tungsten matrix can effectively increase its high temperature performance. However, a high concentration of particles may alter surface chemistry and impact subsequent plasma-surface interactions.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
R. Neu, H. Maier, B. Boeswirth, S. Elgeti, H. Greuner, K. Hunger, J. Kondas, A. von Mueller
Summary: Cold gas spraying was investigated for the production of thick tungsten coatings for use in fusion devices. A systematic study using tungsten and tantalum powder mixtures was performed due to the brittle nature of tungsten. Coatings with negligible porosity and good adhesion were achieved using a 90 vol% tungsten mixture, resulting in a 70 vol% tungsten content in the coating. High heat flux experiments showed good performance under low steady-state loads, but cracks appeared during high power transients.
NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
E. Tsitrone, B. Pegourie, J. P. Gunn, E. Bernard, V Bruno, Y. Corre, L. Delpech, M. Diez, D. Douai, A. Ekedahl, N. Fedorczak, A. Gallo, T. Loarer, S. Vartanian, J. Gaspar, M. Le Bohec, F. Rigollet, R. Bisson, S. Brezinsek, T. Dittmar, G. De Temmerman, A. Hakola, T. Wauters, M. Balden, M. Mayer
Summary: In this study, a helium experiment was conducted in the full tungsten WEST tokamak, revealing the conditions for tungsten fuzz formation in the outer strike point area of the tungsten divertor elements. Preliminary inspection showed no visible signs of surface modification, but significant net erosion was observed in this area.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
H. Reimerdes, M. Agostini, E. Alessi, S. Alberti, Y. Andrebe, H. Arnichand, J. Balbin, F. Bagnato, M. Baquero-Ruiz, M. Bernert, W. Bin, P. Blanchard, T. C. Blanken, J. A. Boedo, D. Brida, S. Brunner, C. Bogar, O. Bogar, T. Bolzonella, F. Bombarda, F. Bouquey, C. Bowman, D. Brunetti, J. Buermans, H. Bufferand, L. Calacci, Y. Camenen, S. Carli, D. Carnevale, F. Carpanese, F. Causa, J. Cavalier, M. Cavedon, J. A. Cazabonne, J. Cerovsky, R. Chandra, A. Chandrarajan Jayalekshmi, O. Chellai, P. Chmielewski, D. Choi, G. Ciraolo, I. G. J. Classen, S. Coda, C. Colandrea, A. Dal Molin, P. David, M. R. de Baar, J. Decker, W. Dekeyser, H. de Oliveira, D. Douai, M. Dreval, M. G. Dunne, B. P. Duval, S. Elmore, O. Embreus, F. Eriksson, M. Faitsch, G. Falchetto, M. Farnik, A. Fasoli, N. Fedorczak, F. Felici, O. Fevrier, O. Ficker, A. Fil, M. Fontana, E. Fransson, L. Frassinetti, I Furno, D. S. Gahle, D. Galassi, K. Galazka, C. Galperti, S. Garavaglia, M. Garcia-Munoz, B. Geiger, M. Giacomin, G. Giruzzi, M. Gobbin, T. Golfinopoulos, T. Goodman, S. Gorno, G. Granucci, J. P. Graves, M. Griener, M. Gruca, T. Gyergyek, R. Haelterman, A. Hakola, W. Han, T. Happel, G. Harrer, J. R. Harrison, S. Henderson, G. M. D. Hogeweij, J-P Hogge, M. Hoppe, J. Horacek, Z. Huang, A. Iantchenko, P. Innocente, K. Insulander Bjork, C. Ionita-Schrittweiser, H. Isliker, A. Jardin, R. J. E. Jaspers, R. Karimov, A. N. Karpushov, Y. Kazakov, M. Komm, M. Kong, J. Kovacic, O. Krutkin, O. Kudlacek, U. Kumar, R. Kwiatkowski, B. Labit, L. Laguardia, J. T. Lammers, E. Laribi, E. Laszynska, A. Lazaros, O. Linder, B. Linehan, B. Lipschultz, X. Llobet, J. Loizu, T. Lunt, E. Macusova, Y. Marandet, M. Maraschek, G. Marceca, C. Marchetto, S. Marchioni, E. S. Marmar, Y. Martin, L. Martinelli, F. Matos, R. Maurizio, M-L Mayoral, D. Mazon, V Menkovski, A. Merle, G. Merlo, H. Meyer, K. Mikszuta-Michalik, P. A. Molina Cabrera, J. Morales, J-M Moret, A. Moro, D. Moulton, H. Muhammed, O. Myatra, D. Mykytchuk, F. Napoli, R. D. Nem, A. H. Nielsen, M. Nocente, S. Nowak, N. Offeddu, J. Olsen, F. P. Orsitto, O. Pan, G. Papp, A. Pau, A. Perek, F. Pesamosca, Y. Peysson, L. Pigatto, C. Piron, M. Poradzinski, L. Porte, T. Putterich, M. Rabinski, H. Raj, J. J. Rasmussen, G. A. Ratta, T. Ravensbergen, D. Ricci, P. Ricci, N. Rispoli, F. Riva, J. F. Rivero-Rodriguez, M. Salewski, O. Sauter, B. S. Schmidt, R. Schrittweiser, S. Sharapov, U. A. Sheikh, B. Sieglin, M. Silva, A. Smolders, A. Snicker, C. Sozzi, M. Spolaore, A. Stagni, L. Stipani, G. Sun, T. Tala, P. Tamain, K. Tanaka, A. Tema Biwole, D. Terranova, J. L. Terry, D. Testa, C. Theiler, A. Thornton, A. Thrysoe, H. Torreblanca, C. K. Tsui, D. Vaccaro, M. Vallar, M. van Berkel, D. Van Eester, R. J. R. van Kampen, S. Van Mulders, K. Verhaegh, T. Verhaeghe, N. Vianello, F. Villone, E. Viezzer, B. Vincent, I Voitsekhovitch, N. M. T. Vu, N. Walkden, T. Wauters, H. Weisen, N. Wendler, M. Wensing, F. Widmer, S. Wiesen, M. Wischmeier, T. A. Wijkamp, D. Wunderlich, C. Wuthrich, V Yanovskiy, J. Zebrowski
Summary: The tokamak configuration variable (TCV) continues to address critical issues in fusion power preparation through its unique shaping capabilities, flexible heating systems, and modern control system. Significant progress has been made in the 2019-20 campaign, with the installation of removable divertor gas baffles, upgraded diagnostic capabilities, and new heating systems. The results of the TCV campaign demonstrate its successful integration within the European research effort and international collaborations.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
M. O. Riazantseva, V. P. Budaev, L. S. Rakhmanova, N. L. Borodkova, G. N. Zastenker, Yu. I. Yermolaev, J. Safrankova, Z. Nemecek, L. Prech, A. Pitna
GEOMAGNETISM AND AERONOMY
(2017)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
V. P. Budaev
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Viacheslav P. Budaev
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
M. O. Riazantseva, V. P. Budaev, L. S. Rakhmanova, N. L. Borodkova, G. N. Zastenker, Yu. I. Yermolaev, J. Safrankova, Z. Nemecek, L. Prech, A. Pitna
GEOMAGNETISM AND AERONOMY
(2017)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Viacheslav Petrovich Budaev, Sergey Fedorovich, Alexey Dedov, Yuri Martynenko, Peter Frick, Alexey Karpov, Guido Van Oost, Igor Lyublinsky, Alexey Vertkov, Mikhail Lukashevsky, Mikhail Gubkin, Artem Marchenkov, Evgeny Sviridov, Sergey Grashin, Alexander Lubenchenko, Alexander Lazukin, Andrey Sliva, Konstantin Rogozin, Zakhar Zakletsky
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Viacheslav Petrovich Budaev
Summary: Analyzing surface structure of materials like titanium, tungsten, carbon, lithium, and beryllium after plasma irradiation in fusion devices reveals specific surface clustering phenomena. The hierarchical granularity with cauliflower-like shape and surface self-similarity is observed, differing from clustering under other conditions. The growth of surface with a self-similar structure is influenced by multi-scale synergistic effects leading to stochastic clustering of materials irradiated with plasma in fusion devices.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
A. Zhirkin, V. P. Budaev, A. O. Goltsev, A. Dedov, A. T. Komov, B. Kuteev, I. Lanye
Summary: The design and assessment of the DEMO-FNS fusion-fission hybrid facility in Russia involves evaluating the impact of the fast neutron spectrum on radiation-induced damage to materials, particularly the first wall. Computational simulations are used due to the lack of real hybrid fusion devices, showing that beryllium as a plasma-facing material has a short lifetime under neutron load and that further research is needed to explore the use of tungsten as a replacement.
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
V. P. Budaev, S. D. Fedorovich, A. Dedov, A. Karpov, Yu Martynenko, D. Kavyrshin, M. K. Gubkin, M. Lukashevsky, A. Lazukin, A. Zakharenkov, A. P. Sliva, A. Yu Marchenkov, M. Budaeva, Q. Tran, K. A. Rogozin, A. A. Konkov, G. B. Vasilyev, D. A. Burmistrov, S. Belousov
Summary: This study investigates the erosion of nanostructured tungsten and titanium by high-heat plasma flux, laser, and arcing, and successfully fabricates nanostructural fuzz layers and hierarchical granularity on the surfaces.
FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexey Victorovich Dedov, Viacheslav Petrovich Budaev
Summary: The review summarizes recent experimental results of studying heat transfer on rough surfaces synthesized by plasma. The specific structure of such surfaces and their potential applications in various fields are discussed.
Proceedings Paper
Optics
V. P. Budaev
III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LASER AND PLASMA RESEARCHES AND TECHNOLOGIES
(2018)
Proceedings Paper
Physics, Applied
S. A. Grashin, I. I. Arkhipov, V. P. Budaev, R. N. Giniyatulin, A. V. Karpov, L. A. Klyuchnikov, V. A. Krupin, N. V. Litunovskiy, I. V. Masul, F. N. Makhankov, Yu V. Martynenko, D. V. Sarytchev, R. Yu Solomatin, L. N. Khimchenko
XLIV ZVENIGOROD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION (ICPAF2017)
(2017)
Proceedings Paper
Energy & Fuels
G. S. Bocharov, V. P. Budaev, A. V. Eletskii, S. D. Fedorovich
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PROBLEMS OF THERMAL PHYSICS AND POWER ENGINEERING (PTPPE-2017)
(2017)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
V. P. Budaev, Yu. V. Martynenko, S. A. Grashin, R. N. Giniyatulin, I. I. Arkhipov, A. V. Karpov, P. V. Savrukhin, E. A. Shestakov, R. Yu. Solomatin, L. B. Begrambekov, N. E. Belova, S. D. Fedorovich, L. N. Khimchenko, V. M. Safronov
NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY
(2017)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yu. V. Martynenko, V. P. Budaev, S. A. Grashin, E. A. Shestakov
BULLETIN OF THE LEBEDEV PHYSICS INSTITUTE
(2017)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
S. P. Savin, V. V. Lyahov, V. M. Neshchadim, E. Amata, J. L. Rauch, V. P. Silin, V. Yu. Popov, V. P. Budaev, S. I. Klimov, A. A. Skalsky, L. A. Legen, J. Blecki
BULLETIN OF THE LEBEDEV PHYSICS INSTITUTE
(2017)