Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Janet E. Lubov, William Cvammen, Michael G. Kemp
Summary: Research shows that the global incidence of skin cancer is rapidly increasing, primarily due to exposure to ultraviolet sunlight. Recent studies have found a close relationship between the timing of UV exposure, DNA repair, skin cancer development, and the body's circadian clock.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ferdinando Fusco, Nicola Longo, Marco De Sio, Davide Arcaniolo, Giuseppe Celentano, Marco Capece, Roberto La Rocca, Francesco Mangiapia, Gianluigi Califano, Simone Morra, Carmine Turco, Gianluca Spena, Lorenzo Spirito, Giovanni Maria Fusco, Luigi Cirillo, Luigi De Luca, Luigi Napolitano, Vincenzo Mirone, Massimiliano Creta
Summary: The impact of circadian desynchrony on spermatogenesis is significant but current evidence is insufficient due to study heterogeneity.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kosaku Masuda, Isao T. Tokuda, Norihito Nakamichi, Hirokazu Fukuda
Summary: Circadian clocks enable organisms to synchronize physiological processes with diurnal variations, with the phase response curve being a key tool to understand clock entrainment. This study demonstrates that fundamental properties of the curve can be recovered from the singularity response, which can be easily measured by applying a single stimulus to a desynchronized cellular network. The method is simple, accurate, and applicable to other coupled oscillator systems, offering potential to study circadian clock entrainment in plants and other species in a cost-effective manner.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Kevin Tartour, Kiran Padmanabhan
Summary: Circadian rhythms synchronize organismal physiology and behavior with daily environmental changes. Disruption of rhythms is linked to various disorders, while the formation of circadian rhythms relies on multiple layers of complexity.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Donna Goodenow, Adam J. Greer, Sean J. Cone, Shobhan Gaddameedhi
Summary: This article provides an overview of the mechanisms of skin cancer and its relationship with the circadian clock. It is well-established that there is a causal relationship between exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and skin cancer, but UVR alone is not enough to induce carcinogenesis. The circadian clock plays an important role in the skin's response to UVR, influencing nucleotide excision repair.
MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jeseok Jeon, Sanggon Lee, Jeong-Min Park, Tae-Hee Lee, Tae-Hong Kang
Summary: Our study investigated whether circadian rhythm affects the DNA damage responses induced by cisplatin. The results showed that the DNA damage responses are regulated by circadian control only in cells with a circadian rhythm, and not in cells without a circadian rhythm. These findings have potential implications for improving or designing chronotherapy approaches for cancer patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Toxicology
Liu-Nan Yang, Shiyin Xu, Mingmeng Tang, Xiaolei Zhou, Yuxiao Liao, Andreas K. Nuessler, Liegang Liu, Wei Yang
Summary: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxin that can be found in grain crops, milk, and wine products, and it has been shown to have harmful effects on humans and animals. Previous studies have focused on acute and chronic liver toxicity caused by DON but there is limited research on the association between circadian rhythm and DON-induced liver damage. In this study, the researchers found that overexpression of the Bmal1 gene in the liver can alleviate DON-induced liver damage and regulate inflammation levels and bile acids levels.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nisha Misra, Manohar Damara, Pierre Chambon
Summary: This article investigates the role of transcriptional regulators RevErbα, E4BP4, and CRY1/PER1 in generating circadian rhythms. Molecular and genetic analyses reveal that the chromatin protein HP1α plays a crucial role in transcriptional repressions of circadian clock genes and their output genes. The presence of HP1α is critical for chromatin compaction, formation of repressed biomolecular hydrophobic condensates, and recruitment and methylation of DNA methylating enzymes on the intronic deoxyCpG islands within the circadian output genes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Audrey Chansard, Enrico Pobega, Pierre Caron, Sophie E. Polo
Summary: The organization of chromatin has a significant impact on DNA damage repair. Heterochromatin, through transcriptional silencing, plays a vital role in maintaining genome integrity and cellular homeostasis. Understanding the effect of heterochromatin on the DNA damage response is critical, and this study presents two laser micro-irradiation-based methods for imaging the DDR in heterochromatin domains in mammalian cells.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joan Frigola, Radhakrishnan Sabarinathan, Abel Gonzalez-Perez, Nuria Lopez-Bigas
Summary: An abnormally high rate of UV-light related mutations is observed at transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) across melanomas, with certain TFs impairing the repair of UV-induced lesions and increasing the rate of lesion generation at their binding sites. Through nucleotide-resolution data, it is found that mutation rate increase in TFBS is mainly due to decreased repair efficiency, rather than the rate of lesion formation.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Nura Lutfi, Miguel Alejandro Galindo-Campos, Jose Yelamos
Summary: Targeting tumour-specific DDR defects for new therapeutic approaches may impact the crosstalk between tumour cells and the immune system, potentially influencing the antitumour immune response and providing new clues for developing cancer therapies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sindhu Nair, Andrew Hainer, Amira F. El-Yazbi
Summary: UVC light damages DNA, with single-strand DNA (ssDNA) being more affected than double-strand DNA (dsDNA). This study developed two novel biosensors for selectively detecting DNA damage and comparing the damage rates between ssDNA and dsDNA. The results show that ssDNA is damaged at a faster rate than dsDNA in the presence of UVC light.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nisha Misra, Manohar Damara, Tao Ye, Pierre Chambon
Summary: This study reveals a tight functional relationship between the circadian clock and DNA demethylation-methylation of deoxyCpG islands. It is discovered that circadian clock-controlled output genes contain a specific intronic deoxyCpG island, whose demethylation-methylation is controlled by the circadian clock. These intronic islands undergo demethylation during transcriptional activation and store activating components for the initiation of transcription of their cognate pre-mRNAs. The study demonstrates how intronic deoxyCpG islands cooperate with cognate enhancers to boost circadian gene transcription and expression.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jennifer A. Davis, Jodi R. Paul, Stefani D. Yates, Elam J. Cutts, Lori L. McMahon, Jennifer S. Pollock, David M. Pollock, Shannon M. Bailey, Karen L. Gamble
Summary: Changing meal timing can rescue the cognitive and hippocampal impairments induced by HFD, even without altering body composition and total caloric intake. This suggests that short-term time-restricted feeding is an effective intervention for HFD-induced cognitive deficits and hippocampal dysfunction.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lauren N. Woodie, Kaan T. Oral, Brianna M. Krusen, Mitchell A. Lazar
Summary: Obesity and metabolic diseases are common in industrialized societies due to circadian disruption caused by shift work, jet lag, and social obligations. The circadian rhythm of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) plays a critical role in regulating physiological, metabolic, and behavioral processes. However, disruptions in external cues or metabolic flexibility can lead to the development of obesity and metabolic disease. This review explores the circadian rhythm of nutrient metabolism and discusses obesity as a circadian disease.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Bala S. C. Koritala, Kenneth I. Porter, Osama A. Arshad, Rajendra P. Gajula, Hugh D. Mitchell, Tarana Arman, Mugimane G. Manjanatha, Justin Teeguarden, Hans P. A. Van Dongen, Jason E. McDermott, Shobhan Gaddameedhi
Summary: Circadian disruption, particularly from night shift work, affects cancer hallmark pathway genes, potentially increasing cancer risk in shift workers.
JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Edward A. Hayter, Sophie M. T. Wehrens, Hans P. A. Van Dongen, Alessandra Stangherlin, Shobhan Gaddameedhi, Elena Crooks, Nichola J. Barron, Luigi A. Venetucci, John S. O' Neill, Timothy M. Brown, Debra J. Skene, Andrew W. Trafford, David A. Bechtold
Summary: The electrical activity of the heart is regulated by circadian clocks in the brain and heart, leading to time-dependent susceptibility to arrhythmias. Different inputs from the autonomic nervous system and cardiomyocyte clock affect the SA and AV nodes, making the cardiac conduction system sensitive to abrupt changes in behavior and sleep-wake timing.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Soumyadeep Sarkar, Kenneth Porter, Panshak P. Dakup, Rajendra P. Gajula, Bala S. C. Koritala, Ryan Hylton, Michael G. Kemp, Kazumasa Wakamatsu, Shobhan Gaddameedhi
Summary: Solar ultraviolet B radiation is a major cause of skin conditions such as photoaging, sunburn erythema, and melanoma. The skin has defense mechanisms including DNA repair, cell cycle, apoptosis, and melanin synthesis, with circadian mechanisms associated with melanin synthesis. BMAL1 protein regulates MITF expression rhythmically to positively influence melanin synthesis, which in turn protects against UVB damage in human melanoma cells.
PIGMENT CELL & MELANOMA RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tao Xu, De Cheng, Yuanjun Zhao, Jinglong Zhang, Xiaolu Zhu, Fan Zhang, Gang Chen, Yang Wang, Xiufeng Yan, Gavin P. Robertson, Shobhan Gaddameedhi, Philip Lazarus, Shuwen Wang, Jiyue Zhu
Summary: Multiple independent sequence variants of the hTERT locus have been found to be associated with telomere length and cancer risks through genomewide association studies. An intronic variable number tandem repeat, VNTR2-1, has been identified as an enhancer-like element that plays a role in hTERT transcription activation and regulation, affecting telomere maintenance and cancer susceptibility. The polymorphic nature of VNTR2-1 suggests it may be a missing link in the telomerase regulatory network and contributes to genetic diversities in telomere homeostasis and age-related disease susceptibilities.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Donna Goodenow, Adam J. Greer, Sean J. Cone, Shobhan Gaddameedhi
Summary: This article provides an overview of the mechanisms of skin cancer and its relationship with the circadian clock. It is well-established that there is a causal relationship between exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and skin cancer, but UVR alone is not enough to induce carcinogenesis. The circadian clock plays an important role in the skin's response to UVR, influencing nucleotide excision repair.
MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Panshak P. Dakup, Adam J. Greer, Shobhan Gaddameedhi
Summary: As science culture evolves, there is a need to include both males and females in research design and expand the understanding of sex differences and their intersections with disease physiology. In the case of melanoma skin cancer, females have shown advantages in incidence, mortality, and overall survival since the early 1970s. However, the exact biological mechanism of this trend is unclear and further complicated by clinical variables such as skin phototype, age, and body mass index.
PIGMENT CELL & MELANOMA RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bala S. C. Koritala, Kenneth I. Porter, Soumyadeep Sarkar, Shobhan Gaddameedhi
Summary: In the treatment of cisplatin, chronotherapy can reduce drug toxicity, but its effectiveness depends on the timing. Under normal clock conditions, cisplatin treatment can slow down the growth rate of mammary carcinoma, but this effect is not observed in the jet-lag protocol.
TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Physiology
Santosh K. Mishra, Shobhan Gaddameedhi
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Panshak P. P. Dakup, Song Feng, Tujin Shi, Jon M. Jacobs, H. Steven Wiley, Wei-Jun Qian
Summary: Post-translational modifications (PTMs), especially phosphorylation, play a crucial role in regulating protein function. Traditional immunological assays often lack sensitivity and specificity for quantitative measurements of protein phosphorylation. Recent advances in Mass Spectrometry (MS)-based targeted proteomics, such as selected reaction monitoring (SRM) and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), have greatly improved the accuracy and reliability of phosphoprotein quantification. This quantitative data can be used to build mathematical models of phospho-signaling pathways, providing valuable insights for better diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
Article
Oncology
Jinglong Zhang, Fan Zhang, Kenneth I. Porter, Panshak P. Dakup, Shuwen Wang, Gavin P. Robertson, Shobhan Gaddameedhi, Jiyue Zhu
Summary: Telomerase activation is crucial for melanomagenesis, but is hindered by telomere dysfunction in mice. The study found that telomere dysfunction delays melanoma development and leads to DNA damage and genomic instability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Monica R. Kelly, Fiona Yuen, Brieann C. Satterfield, Richard J. Auchus, Shobhan Gaddameedhi, Hans P. A. Van Dongen, Peter Y. Liu
Summary: This study investigates endogenous circadian rhythms in adrenal and gonadal steroids after simulated shift work, revealing that adrenal steroids show robust circadian regulation, while gonadal hormones do not. This dichotomy may predispose night-shift workers to metabolic ill health.
JOURNAL OF THE ENDOCRINE SOCIETY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Hans Van Dongen, Bala Koritala, Kenneth Porter, Osama Arshad, Rajendra Gajula, Hugh Mitchell, Tarana Arman, Mugimane Manjanatha, Justin Teeguarden, Jason McDermott, Shobhan Gaddameedhi
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jennifer E. Kyle, Lisa M. Bramer, Daniel Claborne, Kelly G. Stratton, Kent J. Bloodsworth, Justin G. Teeguarden, Shobhan Gaddameedhi, Thomas O. Metz, Hans P. A. Van Dongen
Summary: Simulated night-shift work is associated with altered temporal patterns in the circulating plasma lipidome, characterized by increased mean triglyceride levels and decreased mean phospholipid levels. The circadian rhythms of triglycerides containing odd chain fatty acids are increased after night-shift. Regardless of shift condition, triglycerides tend to peak or be depleted at 16:30 h, with chain-specific differences associated with the direction of change.
NATURE AND SCIENCE OF SLEEP
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rachael A. Muck, Amanda N. Hudson, Kimberly A. Honn, Shobhan Gaddameedhi, Hans P. A. Van Dongen
Summary: Neurobehavioral task performance is influenced by circadian and homeostatic processes, with peak performance occurring in the late biological afternoon under circadian control. Task-dependent differences in circadian impact may not be as inherent as previously thought.
