Article
Pediatrics
Esther S. Schouten, Maria F. Beyer, Andreas W. Flemmer, Mirjam A. de Vos, Katja Kuehlmeyer
Summary: This study aims to examine the implementation of shared decision-making (SDM) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Through qualitative content analysis, recorded conversations between neonatologists and parents were analyzed. The study found that SDM was only implemented to a small extent in neonatal end-of-life medical decision-making (EOL-MDM) conversations.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dan-in Jang, A-Hyeon Lee, Hye-Yoon Shin, Hyo-Ryeong Song, Jong-Hwi Park, Tae-Bong Kang, Sang-Ryong Lee, Seung-Hoon Yang
Summary: TNF-α was originally identified as a factor causing tumor necrosis but has also been recognized as a pathological component of autoimmune diseases. Its signaling pathways play important roles in cellular responses, and inappropriate activation can lead to chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. TNF-α inhibitors have been developed as effective therapeutic tools for various autoimmune diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kalinda Ukanwa, Aziza C. Jones, Broderick L. Turner
Summary: This research highlights how school choice can contribute to school segregation, even when parents do not consider the racial demographics of schools. The study finds that differences in preferences between Black and White parents for other attributes can still result in segregation, stemming from motivational differences driven by social status. Simulations show that unmitigated school-choice policies can lead to more segregated schools, impacting a significant number of US children, while similarity in preferences between Black and White parents could reduce racial segregation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nima Khalighinejad, Sanjay Manohar, Masud Husain, Matthew F. S. Rushworth
Summary: Decision-making involves choosing actions, as well as determining when and whether to initiate them. Different brain regions, such as DRN, BF, and ACC, contribute to different stages of decision-making, with 5-HT and ACh playing complementary roles.
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Oksana Kulyk, Karen Renaud, Stefan Costica
Summary: Online service users sometimes need support when making privacy-related decisions. Humans make decisions either slowly, by consulting all possible information, or quickly, by relying on cues to trigger heuristics. Human emotions elicited by the decision context affects decisions, often without awareness. Understanding encryption mechanisms and providing reassurance are important in supporting decision-making. Cyber stories and emotional undertones revealed a general negativity that influences cybersecurity-related decisions.
JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ludovico De Stefano, Francesca Bobbio Pallavicini, Eleonora Mauric, Veronica Piccin, Enrico Maria Vismara, Carlomaurizio Montecucco, Serena Bugatti
Summary: Biotechnological monoclonal antibodies and receptor antagonists have emerged as an alternative therapy for treating systemic inflammatory diseases. However, immunotherapies may lead to the development of immune-mediated disorders. Understanding the phenomenon of the 'compensatory immunological switch' can help manage these disorders and interpret the heterogeneity of certain chronic inflammatory conditions.
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
K. E. Mills, K. E. Koralesky, M. A. G. von Keyserlingk, D. M. Weary
Summary: This study explores the role of social referents in farmer decision making across different animal care practices by analyzing qualitative data from dairy farmers. Four themes emerged, including who farmers consult for management decisions, characteristics of social referents, their actions, and the strength of the relationship with farmers. The findings suggest the importance of diverse opinions and actions provided by social referents in influencing farmer decisions.
Article
Psychology, Applied
Christian Criado-Perez, Chris Jackson, Catherine G. Collins
Summary: This study examines the impact of cognitive reflection, learning goals, and social norms on the usage of evidence-based management (EBM) through two experimental studies. It also introduces an objective assessment task to measure evidence collection and use in the context of EBM. The results indicate the importance of cognitive reflection and social norms in enabling EBM, while learning goals are found to be unrelated.
APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Adam L. Crane, Ebony E. Demers, Laurence E. A. Feyten, Indar W. Ramnarine, Grant E. Brown
Summary: The exploratory activity of Trinidadian guppies in a novel environment was influenced by contextual effects of background predation risk. High-risk individuals showed more caution when exposed to alarm and novel cues, while low-risk individuals were willing to explore regardless of threats or social context. Such findings highlight the complexity of exploratory decisions under uncertain conditions.
Review
Pediatrics
Tessa Wilkin, Ami Stott, Jody L. Lin, Joshua Pate, Alison McEwen, Arianne Verhagen, Erin Turbitt
Summary: This study identified free online decision support tools for parents of children with chronic health conditions. The tools varied in quality and were mostly difficult to read. There is limited evidence that the use of these tools achieves intended outcomes.
ACADEMIC PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rikke Torenholt, Tine Tjornhoj-Thomsen
Summary: As clinical care practices become more digitalised, nurses are required to perform recontextualisation work in order to give practical value to quantified data and make clinical decisions based on Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) data.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Ethics
Alison L. Antes, Tristan J. McIntosh, Stephanie Solomon Cargill, Samuel Bruton, Kari Baldwin
Summary: During the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, principal investigators faced challenges in making decisions regarding research personnel and environments. A survey revealed that PIs prioritized the well-being and perspectives of research personnel but experienced difficulties and stress. Early-career faculty showed higher concerns about career and productivity, faced more barriers and stress, and had lower satisfaction with their decisions. Women expressed higher interpersonal concerns and reported greater stress than men.
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Racquel E. Kohler, Rachel B. Wagner, Katherine Careaga, Jacqueline Vega, Rula Btoush, Kathryn Greene, Leslie Kantor
Summary: This study examined parents' perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine and factors influencing hesitancy in the Greater Newark Area of New Jersey. Although most parents themselves had received the COVID-19 vaccine, they expressed hesitation about vaccinating their adolescents due to concerns about safety and side effects. Parents sought vaccine information online, through healthcare providers, and at community spaces, but were exposed to misinformation through interpersonal communication.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tingsong Xia, Juan Chen, Jian Rui, Jinxu Li, Yuli Guo
Summary: This study found that TB knowledge positively influenced Chinese parents' risk perceptions and efficacy appraisals, but did not affect their medical decisions. Additionally, response efficacy and self-efficacy predicted positive intentions, while perceived severity of TB threat to self only enhanced intentions to follow doctors' regimens among Chinese individuals.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Aboubakar Iyabano, Cees Leeuwis, Rico Lie, Aurelie Toillier, Ann Waters-Bayer
Summary: There is a growing promotion of agroecological techniques in many Sub-Saharan African countries. In Burkina Faso, the role of Farmers' Organizations (FOs) in promoting agroecological techniques has been mentioned. However, there is still a lack of detailed studies on the effectiveness of FOs' intermediation activities and their influence on farmers' decisions to implement agroecological innovations. This study addresses this gap by examining the drivers of farmers' decisions and the influence of FOs on these decisions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)