Journal
PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS
Volume 22, Issue -, Pages S115-S118Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.08.034
Keywords
Essential tremor; Non-motor; Cognition; Dementia; Psychiatric
Categories
Funding
- NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS039422, R01 NS042859, R01 NS39422, R01 NS088257, R01 NS086736, R01 NS085136, R01 NS073872] Funding Source: Medline
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Background: The motor features of essential tremor (ET) include its hallmark element, kinetic tremor, yet non-motor features are increasingly being recognized as an accompanying part of what was previously viewed as a solely motor disorder. Given the evolving state of the ET field with respect to these non-motor features, the purpose of this manuscript is to critically review the current data. Methods: A PubMed search was conducted on July 1, 2015. The term essential tremor was crossed in sequential order with 13 additional search terms (e.g., cognitive, dementia, depression). The total number of unique hits was 322. Results: Numerous studies seem to substantiate the presence of a range of non-motor features occurring in excess in ET cases compared to age-matched controls. These comprise cognitive features (including a full spectrum from mild cognitive difficulty through to frank dementia), psychiatric (including depression, apathy, anxiety, and personality characteristics), sensory (hearing and possibly olfactory abnormalities), and other non-motor features (e.g., sleep dysregulation). Emerging evidence suggests that some of these features could be primary disease features that pre-date motor features of ET. Conclusions: The presence of numerous non-motor features in ET is increasingly evident. The biological basis of these features deserves additional study. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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