Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Nam-Suk Jung, Min-Ho Kim, Hee-Hoon Kim, Dong Cheol Shin, Gyujin Kim, Hee-Seock Lee
Summary: A beam loss monitor using a long optical fiber has been developed for radiation protection in PAL-XFEL. The monitor has a position resolution of 150 m and its applicability is evaluated by comparing signal amplitudes with doses. A method is proposed to interlock accelerator operation by monitoring beam loss and applying trip thresholds at specific locations to ensure safety in the experimental area.
JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Intae Eom, Sae Hwan Chun, Jae Hyuk Lee, Daewoong Nam, Rory Ma, Jaehyun Park, Sehan Park, Sang Han Park, Haeryong Yang, Inhyuk Nam, Myung Hoon Cho, Chi Hyun Shim, Gyujin Kim, Chang-Ki Min, Hoon Heo, Heung-Sik Kang, Changbum Kim
Summary: Since its opening to users in 2017, the X-ray free-electron laser (PAL-XFEL) at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory has made significant progress in operation and beamline experiments. The PAL-XFEL has achieved increased pulse and photon energy, self-seeding FEL generation, and trials of two-color operation, resulting in excellent scientific results through efficient user experiments.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. Srinivasan, S. Brandenburg, J. M. Schippers, P. A. Duperrex
Summary: Accurate measurement of proton beam position is crucial for treatment safety and quality in high-energy physics experiments. This paper presents a novel non-intercepting position sensitive cavity resonator for beam position measurement and discusses its design optimization and parametric investigations. The feasibility of this method is confirmed by comparing the results with experimental data.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Daeho Sung, Daewoong Nam, Myong-jin Kim, Seonghan Kim, Kyung Sook Kim, Sang-Youn Park, Sun Min Hwang, Chulho Jung, Heemin Lee, Do Hyung Cho, Minseok Kim, Intae Eom, Su Yong Lee, Changyong Song, Sangsoo Kim
Summary: The single-shot coherent X-ray imaging instrument developed at PAL-XFEL is optimized for observing ultrafast phenomena of nanoparticles at picosecond temporal and nanometer spatial resolutions, and has been used for experiments such as coherent diffraction imaging and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Jian Chen, Yong-Bin Leng, Lu-Yang Yu, Long-Wei Lai, Ren-Xian Yuan
Summary: The cavity BPM (CBPM) system of the Shanghai Soft X-ray FEL (SXFEL) test facility was upgraded and optimized to achieve a position resolution of 177 nm at a bunch charge of 500 pC, a dynamic range controlled within +/- 300 nm, and a relative measurement uncertainty of the bunch charge of 0.021%, which are significant improvements compared to the attributes of the previous system.
NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Yahong Xie, Chundong Hu, Jianglong Wei, Yuming Gu, Lizhen Liang, Yongjian Xu, Caichao Jiang, Jun Li, Yuanzhe Zhao, Yuanlai Xie
Summary: The CRAFT device requires a negative neutral beam injector (NNBI) beam source with a beam energy of 400 keV, which is designed based on a RF plasma generator and a negative ion accelerator to meet the specific requirements of the system.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. Lee, J-H Han
Summary: This report presents the systematic measurements of phase error and trajectory deflection at vertical off-axes of a PAL-XFEL hard X-ray undulator, highlighting the importance of aligning the vertical magnetic center to the reference electron beam path during the alignment process.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Hocheol Shin, Amedeo Perazzo
Summary: This paper describes the PAL computing facility built in 2015 to support the XFEL. The data center has undergone three iterations since then, with storage capacity increasing from 200TB in 2015 to 6.9PB in 2022. However, there have been no additions to the computing nodes. PAL plans to upgrade after 2024 with a new 15PB storage system, a 30PB tape library, and servers for computing nodes and basic services.
JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Jaehyun Park, Ki Hyun Nam
Summary: Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) using an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) is able to determine room-temperature structures without causing radiation damage. In this study, various sample delivery methods for SFX at the PAL-XFEL NCI experimental station are reported, which will benefit PAL-XFEL users in accessing the SFX system for their experiments.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jun He, Yanfeng Sui, Yong Li, Huizhou Ma, Yaoyao Du, Ying Zhao, Wan Zhang, Shujun Wei, Taoguang Xu, Junhui Yue, Jianshe Cao
Summary: A button and stripline beam position monitor (BPM) have been designed and developed to achieve sub-micron orbit stability in the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS). The design was based on analytical formulae and CST electromagnetic simulation software, and the measurements confirmed its effectiveness in meeting the requirements of HEPS.
MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jun He, Yanfeng Sui, Yong Li, Huizhou Ma, Yaoyao Du, Xujian Wang, Junhui Yue, Jianshe Cao
Summary: This paper presents the study of the characterization of beam position monitor (BPM) at the synchrotron. The characteristic impedance of stripline BPM was designed and measured using simulation and time-domain reflectometer method. The mechanical and electrical parameters of the feedthroughs for BPMs were measured, and the consistency of the four channels of BPM was analyzed carefully. The feedthroughs were sorted based on their capacitance values. The paper also presents the characterization results of feedthroughs and BPMs. The electro-mechanical offsets were measured using the Lambertson method, and the calibration coefficients were measured using a stretched wire. The statistical analysis of measurement results determined the BPM differences introduced during mass production.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Libing Zhu, Manzhou Zhang, Xincheng Xiang, Xiangang Wang
Summary: This paper proposes a machine log file based reconstruction method to calculate the field uniformity for proton field analysis. The study compares and analyzes the differences in DAP determined using different devices. The consistency of the two methods used to determine DAP and calibrate beam monitor is verified by analyzing the delivered dose.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Heung-Sik Kang
Summary: Since the start of user service operation in June 2017, PAL-XFEL has demonstrated excellent timing stability and unprecedented peak brightness, with the use of a self-seeding scheme to increase brightness. Plans for improvement include designing a second hard X-ray FEL line and implementing polarization tunability in the soft X-ray FEL line.
JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Ji-Qing Li, Kuan-Jun Fan, Zheng-Zheng Liu, Jian Wang, Qu-Shan Chen, Jin-Feng Yang
Summary: To ensure the safety and effectiveness of proton therapy, it is necessary to accurately monitor the proton beam current in real-time during treatment. This study proposes a cavity-type beam current monitor (BCM) equipped with a dielectric plate to accurately measure ultra-low proton beam currents. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the BCM has a resolution of up to 0.03 nA, making it suitable for practical applications.
NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Jongwon Kim
Summary: A beam position monitor (BPM) has been developed and tested to monitor the stability of high intensity proton beams. The BPM prototype consists of four pick-up electrodes and uses Libera SparkT for signal processing. Calibration and further testing were conducted using a moving wire method and during beam commissioning of the cyclotron. The prototype system successfully produced well-defined signals for beam positions and currents, with a resolution of 0.1mm and beam intensity up to 600 mu A. The BPM monitoring will be integrated into the safety PLC after further ISOL operations.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Jinlu Ruan, Liang Chen, Pengxiao Xu, Yapeng Zhang, Xue Du, Hongqiao Yin, Shiyi He, Fangbao Wang, Xun Zhang, Xiaoping Ouyang
Summary: A new SiC detector with a faster time response was developed to improve the temporal response of SiC-HPMTs. The improved SiC-HPMT showed significantly enhanced temporal response compared to the previous SiC-HPMT, and it can accurately measure the time information of fast pulsed radiation fields.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Kevin Nash
Summary: This article discusses the need for extensive upgrades of the LHC detectors, particularly the Outer Tracker, due to the demanding conditions and radiation of the High Luminosity LHC scenario. The design choices, technological approaches, and R&D activities for the Outer Tracker Phase-2 upgrade are highlighted.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. A. Wotton
Summary: The hadron particle identification provided by LHCb's RICH system is crucial for the success of the experiment, and it will continue to play a significant role in Upgrade II. To maintain the current excellent particle identification performance, substantial improvements in the precision of measuring the space and time coordinates of detected photons in the RICH and in the resolution of the reconstructed Cherenkov angle are required.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
R. Cardarelli, A. Rocchi, G. Aielli, P. Camarri, A. Di Ciaccio, L. Di Stante, B. Liberti, E. Pastori, L. Pizzimento, G. Proto
Summary: The Resistive Cylindrical Chamber (RCC) is a new generation of gaseous particle detectors that overcome the limitations of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) and expand their application range. By transitioning from planar to cylindrical geometry, while maintaining an almost planar electric field, the RCC achieves improved detection efficiency, increased gas pressure, and the possibility of using eco-friendly gases.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Giacomo Volpe
Summary: The ALICE collaboration is proposing a new apparatus, ALICE 3, to investigate the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) properties. In this context, conceptual studies for the development of a RICH detector for ALICE 3 are ongoing. The proposed baseline layout is a proximity-focusing RICH, using aerogel as Cherenkov radiator and Silicon Photomultipliers for photon detection. The detector specifications and performance obtained by Monte Carlo simulation are presented, along with the R&D challenges related to the design.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
M. G. Mazarakis, E. Jongewaard, J. Ellsworth
Summary: This report presents experimental data and a step-by-step technique for evaluating the work functions of thermionic cathodes. The experiments were conducted using small-sized thermionic cathodes provided by Spectra-Mat corporation. The cathode electron current emission work function is emphasized as a crucial parameter for selecting cathodes in various applications.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
M. Loyd, A. Khaplanov, V. Sedov, J. Beal, T. Visscher, C. Donahue, C. Montcalm, G. Warren, R. Butz, C. Boone, C. Hart, R. Riedel, Y. Diawara
Summary: Thermal and cold neutron beamlines require detector systems with high efficiency, large active area, and good spatial resolution. This study presents a new design of Anger camera using silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) instead of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), offering better resolution, less distortion, and more compactness. The use of SiPMs also enables the camera to be used in strong magnetic fields, providing additional experimental capabilities.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Thomas Neulinger, Hanno Filter, Oliver Zimmer
Summary: This paper describes the mathematical foundation for analyzing vertical time-of-flight (TOF) measurements using ultracold neutrons (UCN). It enables the spectroscopy of UCN with kinetic energies below the neutron optical potential of the detector entrance window. The paper provides general treatment methods and transformation rules for converting vertical TOF spectra into other spectra of interest.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Huynh Dinh Chuong, Nguyen Huynh Duy Khang, Le Thi Ngoc Trang, Nguyen Thi Truc Linh, Truong Thanh Sang, Nguyen Thanh Dat, Hoang Duc Tam
Summary: This paper presents a comparative study of three models, including virtual point detector (VPD), curve fitting (CF), and machine learning (ML), in determining the full-energy peak efficiency (FEPE) of HPGe detector. The study found that the ML model outperforms VPD and CF models in terms of accuracy.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
M. H. Kushoro, M. Angelone, D. Bozzi, G. Gorini, F. La Via, E. Perelli Cippo, M. Pillon, M. Tardocchi, M. Rebai
Summary: This paper presents the characterization of a series of SiC detectors operated with partial polarization, achieving excellent energy resolution and detection characteristics for both alpha particles and neutrons. The results demonstrate the potential of SiC detectors for fast neutron detection in fusion experiments. The limitations and challenges for manufacturing thick SiCs in the future are also discussed.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Deb Sankar Bhattacharya, Andrea Bressan, Chandradoy Chatterjee, Silvia Dalla Torre, Mauro Gregori, Alexander Kiselev, Stefano Levorato, Anna Martin, Saverio Minutoli, Mikhail Osipenko, Richa Rai, Marco Ripani, Fulvio Tessarotto, Triloki Triloki
Summary: In this article, we report on the measurement of the time resolution of an LAPPD prototype using Cherenkov radiation emitted by high energy hadrons. Our approach has demonstrated the capability of measuring time resolutions as fine as 25-30 ps. The measured time resolution for single photoelectrons is about 80 ps r.m.s.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Bharti Rohila, S. R. Abhilash, Diwanshu, Chetan Sharma, Devinder Mehta, Ashok Kumar
Summary: Self-supporting and Au backed Ag-107 targets have been fabricated using a combination of cold rolling and e-beam melting technique. The method is efficient, resulting in targets without significant material loss or major contamination. Various techniques have been used for thickness measurements and characterizations, and one of the fabricated targets has been successfully used in a nuclear physics experiment.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
B. Kronheim, A. Belloni, T. K. Edberg, S. C. Eno, C. Howe, C. Palmer, C. Papageorgakis, M. Paranjpe, S. Sriram
Summary: This paper presents measurements of the relative decrease of light output during irradiation of small plastic scintillator tiles read out by silicon photomultipliers. The study found substantial temporary damage during low-temperature irradiation, regardless of oxygen concentration and wrapping material. The wrapping material had an impact on the relative light loss, with the 3M(TM) Enhanced Specular Reflector Film showing the largest loss. The light loss was less at warmer temperatures and similar to that in standard atmosphere with 3% oxygen concentration. Evidence of a plateau in the radical density was seen for the data at 0 degrees C.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
V. V. Haurylavets, V. K. Ivanov, A. V. Korol, A. V. Solov'yov
Summary: Computational modeling of high-energy electron passage through crystalline media is conducted using relativistic molecular dynamics. The results show good agreement with experimental data, demonstrating the accuracy of the simulations. Minor discrepancies between theory and experiment are discussed.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Luca Quaglia, R. Cardarelli, B. Liberti, E. Pastori, G. Proto, L. Pizzimento, A. Rocchi, G. Aielli, P. Camarri, A. Di Ciacco, L. Di Stante, R. Santonico, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, L. Massa, A. Polini, M. Romano, L. Benussi, S. Bianco, D. Piccolo, G. Saviano, M. Abbrescia, L. Congedo, M. De Serio, G. Galati, G. Pugliese, S. Simone, D. Ramos, P. Salvini, A. Samalan, M. Tytgat, N. Zaganidis, J. Eysermans, A. Ferretti, M. Gagliardi, L. Terlizzi, E. Vercellin, P. Dupieux, B. Joly, S. P. Manen, R. Guida, B. Mandelli, G. Rigoletti, M. Barroso, M. C. Arena, A. Pastore, R. Aly, M. Verzeroli, S. Buontempo
Summary: Resistive Plate Chamber detectors are widely used in current High Energy Physics experiments. However, efforts are being made to find eco-friendly gas alternatives to Tetrafluoroethane. The RPC EcoGas@GIF++ collaboration aims to improve RPC technology, evaluate the performance of RPCs with eco-friendly gas mixtures, and conduct aging tests.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)