Journal
CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY
Volume 22, Issue 12, Pages 1643-1652Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.10.014
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Funding
- Prinses Beatrix Spierfonds [W.OR09-15]
- Nederlands Organisation for Scientific Research (ZonMW Medium Investment Grant) [40-00506-98-9001]
- Nederlands Organisation for Scientific Research (VIDI Grant) [91713359]
- MEXT [26110727]
- AbbVie [1097737]
- Boehringer Ingelheim
- Canada Foundation for Innovation
- Canadian Institutes for Health Research
- Genome Canada
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Janssen
- Lilly Canada
- Novartis Research Foundation
- Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation
- Pfizer
- Takeda
- Wellcome Trust [092809/Z/10/Z]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [25293016, 26110727] Funding Source: KAKEN
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A unique, unsolved O-mannosyl glycan on alpha-dystroglycan is essential for its interaction with protein ligands in the extracellular matrix. Defective O-mannosylation leads to a group of muscular dystrophies, called dystroglycanopathies. Mutations in isoprenoid synthase domain containing (ISPD) represent the second most common cause of these disorders, however, its molecular function remains uncharacterized. The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure showed a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain linked to a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs. Functional studies demonstrated cytosolic localization of hISPD, and cytidyltransferase activity toward pentose phosphates, including ribulose 5-phosphate, ribose 5-phosphate, and ribitol 5-phosphate. Identity of the CDP sugars was confirmed by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Our combined results indicate that hISPD is a cytidyltransferase, suggesting the presence of a novel human nucleotide sugar essential for functional alpha-dystroglycan O-mannosylation in muscle and brain. Thereby, ISPD deficiency can be added to the growing list of tertiary dystroglycanopathies.
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