Journal
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
Volume 40, Issue 5, Pages 4500-4512Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03339j
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Funding
- PAPPIT [IN 214513]
- CONACYT [211329]
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BODIPY-derived molecular fluorescent rotors are one of the most useful families of fluorescent probes for the quantitative measurement of microviscosity. Here, we report the photophysical properties of two molecular rotors as ratiometric viscosity sensors, meso-(4-(9H-fluoren-2-yl)ethynyl)phenyl-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (1) and meso-(5-(9H-fluoren-2-yl)ethynyl)thiophen-2-yl-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene (2) having two independent chromophores; one (fluorene) is not influenced by viscosity and is used to determine concentration properties, and the other chromophore (BODIPY) acts as a molecular rotor. The fluorescence ratiometric calibration against microviscosity for the most sensitive probe (1), was obtained in a wide linear dynamic range. The sensitivity of the spectroscopic observables for 1 and 2 towards solvent viscosity and the typical analytical interfering solvent polarity and polarizability parameters were investigated by means of two different solvent scales, namely Lippert-Mataga and Catalan, finding consistent results. Quantum chemical calculations were conducted to analyze the probe mechanism in terms of Natural Transition Orbitals (NTOs) and the spatial extent of charge transfer excitations.
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