Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Rizwan Qaisar
Summary: The integrity and preservation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is crucial for maintaining a healthy skeletal muscle. Defects in the three cellular components of NMJ negatively impact skeletal muscle mass and strength. NMJ repair could be a potential therapy for muscle disorders.
Review
Biology
Vasiliki Karava, John Dotis, Antonia Kondou, Nikoleta Printza
Summary: Malnutrition is common in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD), with both undernutrition and overnutrition prevalent. Muscle wasting is the key feature of protein energy wasting (PEW), preceding fat loss and leading to fatigue and musculoskeletal decline. CKD-related wasting processes, reduced physical activity, and obesity-induced inflammatory diseases contribute to the accumulation of fat mass and deficits in muscle mass and strength. Abdominal obesity is also prevalent in children with CKD, increasing cardiometabolic risk. This review emphasizes the importance of body composition assessment, discusses the pathogenetic mechanisms, and highlights the benefits of growth hormone therapy and physical activity in managing malnutrition in pediatric CKD.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Kiran Chintam, Alex R. Chang
Summary: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases, and weight loss can improve kidney health in CKD patients. Medications promoting weight loss reduce albuminuria, but the risk to benefit ratio of intentional weight loss in kidney failure patients remains controversial.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Joseph Azuri, Ariel Hammerman, Enis Aboalhasan, Ben Sluckis, Ronen Arbel
Summary: Comparative analysis shows that semaglutide has better value for money than liraglutide in terms of weight reduction.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yoshihiko Kanno, Eiichiro Kanda, Akihiko Kato
Summary: Patients receiving dialysis therapy often face nutritional challenges, yet medical staff in Japan lack training and support in nutritional management. Recent studies suggest that under conditions of low nutrition, salt intake should not be restricted for frail or dialysis patients, and protein consumption should be targeted at 0.9 to 1.2 g/kg/day. The Nutritional Risk Index-Japanese Hemodialysis (NRI-JH) is recommended by the Japanese Society of Dialysis Therapy to screen for malnutrition in older patients.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Amanda dos Santos Moraes, Ricardo da Costa Padovani, Caue Vazquez La Scala Teixeira, Maria Gabriela Soria Cuesta, Silvandro dos Santos Gil, Barbara de Paula, Gilberto Monteiro dos Santos, Rodrigo Tributino Goncalves, Ana Raimunda Damaso, Lila Missae Oyama, Ricardo Jose Gomes, Danielle Arisa Caranti
Summary: The study aimed to compare the effects of three different long-term treatments on adults with obesity. Results showed that the interdisciplinary therapy plus cognitive behavioral therapy group had the most significant improvements in anthropometric profiles, quality of life, eating behaviors, and depression levels compared to the physical exercise group and education and health group.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Anit Tyagi, Subbiah Pugazhenthi
Summary: Dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, is strongly associated with aging. Recent studies have highlighted the potential link between type 2 diabetes mellitus, cognitive dysfunction, and the development of Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders. Research is increasingly focusing on the physiological functions of insulin in the brain, the evaluation of cognitive function under conditions of insulin resistance, and the potential use of antidiabetic drugs to treat dementia.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Sanghee Lee, Ji Won Kim, Jinhwan Park, Hee Kyong Na, Do Hoon Kim, Jin Hee Noh, Dae Sung Ryu, Jae Myung Park, Jung-Hoon Park, Hwoon-Yong Jung, Kun Na
Summary: Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for weight recidivism, and endoscopic bariatric treatment has been developed to achieve similar effects without anatomical modification. This study explores the use of an intragastric satiety-inducing device (ISD) coated with a photosensitizer (MB) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in inhibiting ghrelin secretion and inducing satiety signals. The results show the potential of this novel endoscopic bariatric therapy in reducing body weight gain and ghrelin levels.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ziwei Mei, Bin Zhu, Xiaoli Sun, Yajie Zhou, Yuanyuan Qiu, Xiaolan Ye, Hongjuan Zhang, Chunlan Lu, Jun Chen, Hong Zhu
Summary: This study developed a nomogram to predict the risk of protein-energy wasting (PEW) in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) by collecting data from ESRD patients. The nomogram showed good predictive performance and clinical utility. It can provide valuable evidence for PEW prevention and decision-making.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Delaram Ghodsi, Hamid Rasekhi, Zahra Yari, Roshanak Roustaee, Bahereh Nikooyeh, Ayoub Faramarzi, Hassan Eini-Zinab, Tirang R. Neyestani
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the trend in malnutrition among children under 5 years of age in Iran over recent decades and estimate the malnutrition status for 2020. The results showed a decrease in the prevalence of malnutrition indicators, but food-insecure provinces still had high rates of stunting, underweight, and wasting. Considering the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic consequences, an increase in malnutrition is plausible.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Maedeh Moradi, Yahya Jalilpiran, Mohammadreza Askari, Pamela J. Surkan, Leila Azadbakht
Summary: The study found positive correlations between maternal dietary patterns and children's Western dietary pattern, as well as correlations between maternal prudent and Western dietary patterns with child's high-protein dietary pattern. On the other hand, children's high-protein dietary pattern was negatively correlated with maternal high fat dietary pattern.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jinqiu Zhou, Li Luo, Lingling Xie, Song Hu, Lingling Tan, Xiaozhen Lei, Xiaozhen Luo, Ming Yang
Summary: The ESPEN and EASO have released the international consensus on the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity (SO), recommending skeletal muscle mass adjusted for body weight (SMM/W) for determining low muscle mass. This study aimed to evaluate the agreement between different diagnostic criteria for SO and to compare their predictive abilities for mortality in patients with advanced NSCLC. The results showed that SOESPEN, SOESPEN-M, and SOAWGS were significantly associated with mortality, while SOCT and SOFM were not.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xi-Ding Yang, Xing-Cheng Ge, Si-Yi Jiang, Yong-Yu Yang
Summary: Epidemic obesity is a significant public health problem associated with an increase in obesity-related metabolic diseases. Adipose tissue plays a vital role in regulating whole-body energy metabolism, and lipolysis, the degradation of triglycerides in adipocytes, is closely linked to obesity and its metabolic disorders. Natural products, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, can regulate lipolysis and potentially contribute to weight loss and improved metabolic conditions associated with obesity. Identifying specific secondary metabolites that are effective in reducing weight and mitigating the health risks associated with obesity and lipolysis regulation is crucial.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yoshitaka Isaka
Summary: Multiple factors contribute to malnutrition in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, with protein restriction as a common treatment but potentially worsening sarcopenia. It is important to carefully manage protein intake in CKD patients with sarcopenia, especially in those at high risk for end-stage kidney disease. The combination of exercise therapy and increased protein intake may be effective in improving muscle mass and strength in these patients.
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Laetitia Koppe, Robert H. Mak
Summary: Protein energy wasting (PEW) is defined as nutritional disorders in patients with acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. The use of terms like cachexia or malnutrition in other chronic diseases can cause confusion. The pathways involved in cachexia/malnutrition and PEW are common, but the specific conditions in kidney diseases justify the term PEW.
SEMINARS IN NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
