Journal
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
Volume 71, Issue -, Pages 739-755Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.015
Keywords
Interval timing; Time perception; Neural oscillations; Striatal beat-frequency model; Medium spiny neurons; Purkinje cells; Degeneracy
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The contributions of cortico-cerebellar and cortico-striatal circuits to timing and time perception have often been a point of contention. In this review we propose that the cerebellum principally functions to reduce variability, through the detection of stimulus onsets and the sub-division of longer durations, thus contributing to both sub-second and supra-second timing. This sensitivity of the cerebellum to stimulus dynamics and subsequent integration with motor control allows it to accurately measure intervals within a range of 100-2000 ms. For intervals in the supra-second range (e.g., >2000 ms), we propose that cerebellar output signals from the dentate nucleus pass through thalamic connections to the striatum, where cortico-thalamic-striatal circuits supporting higher-level cognitive functions take over. Moreover, the importance of intrinsic circuit dynamics as well as behavioral, neuroimaging, and lesion studies of the cerebellum and striatum are discussed in terms of a framework positing initiation, continuation, adjustment, and termination phases of temporal processing. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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