Article
Psychiatry
Jaksa Vukojevic, Natasa Duran, Nikola Zaja, Jelena Susac, Mario Sekerija, Aleksandar Savic
Summary: By comparing the medical records of the Spanish flu and the COVID-19 pandemic, it was found that both did not lead to an increase in emergency psychiatric admissions, which is consistent with research findings in Europe.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Mark Honigsbaum
Summary: This review discusses the importance of the Spanish flu in historical and modern epidemiology, as well as the increasing interest in this topic in recent years. The study finds that the Spanish flu provides important insights for understanding and addressing future pandemics, and has prompted interdisciplinary research across different fields.
Article
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Nina Boberg-Fazlic, Markus Lampe, Maja Uhre Pedersen, Paul Sharp
Summary: Research indicates that the Spanish flu of 1918-20 had a significant impact on trade policy, independent of World War I. An increase in excess deaths during the outbreak led to a subsequent rise in tariffs, suggesting that health policies should avoid repeating the mistakes of the interwar period and consider the international macroeconomic implications of measures taken (or not taken).
HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Economics
Auke Rijpma, Ingrid K. Van Dijk, Ruben Schalk, Richard L. Zijdeman, Rick J. Mourits
Summary: This paper explores the relationship between occupational characteristics and excess mortality among men during the Spanish Flu pandemic in the Netherlands. The study finds that men with occupations featuring high levels of social contact had higher mortality rates during this period, and there was a socioeconomic gradient to excess mortality among men even after accounting for workplace exposure.
ECONOMICS & HUMAN BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
James Tebby, Vasileios P. Giannoudis, Sophia M. Wakefield, Fiona Lecky, Omar Bouamra, Peter V. Giannoudis
Summary: Managing patients with multiple injuries, especially those with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, remains challenging and increases mortality. This study investigates the impact of major trauma centres in the UK on the outcomes of polytrauma patients with diabetes. The findings show that while overall mortality has decreased, patients with diabetes still had higher mortality compared to other groups, highlighting diabetes as an independent risk factor for mortality in polytrauma patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Harald Brussow
Summary: As the COVID-19 pandemic enters its third year, studying historical viral respiratory pandemics can provide insight into the dynamics of pandemics.
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
S. A. Hills, K. Meadows, A. M. Felton, C. J. Delicata, A. J. M. Boulton
Summary: A survey conducted by EURADIA between late 2020 and early 2022 aimed to understand the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on funding for diabetes research in Europe. The majority of respondents reported a moderate impact, with reduced funding and clinical researchers being redeployed to Covid-19 patient care. It is suggested that a more detailed follow-up on the impact of the pandemic on diabetes research funding should be carried out in the future.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Roberto Barbosa Bazotte, Sandro Massao Hirabara, Tamires Afonso Duarte Serdan, Raquel Bragante Gritte, Talita Souza-Siqueira, Renata Gorjao, Laureane Nunes Masi, Marina Masetto Antunes, Vinicius Cruzat, Tania Cristina Pithon-Curi, Rui Curi
Summary: Quinine, originally extracted from the bark of Chinchona trees, has been used for treating fever since the seventeenth century. Compounds derived from quinine, such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, are being studied worldwide for treating COVID-19, with some discrepancies in clinical trial outcomes. The potential underlying molecular mechanisms of how CQ and HCQ inhibit viral replication may lead to the development of novel drugs to combat COVID-19.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Development Studies
Sergi Basco, Jordi Domenech, Joan R. Roses
Summary: The Spanish Flu had a large, negative, and short-lived effect on daily real wages in Spain, with varying impacts across occupations and regions. However, there was no significant negative effect on returns to capital, with real estate prices showing a positive effect driven by post-1918 recovery. Experts suggest that pandemics may have equalizing effects due to real wage increases, but this study found that in a developing economy like Spain in the early 20th century, the flu pandemic actually led to a reduction in real wages and could be interpreted as a demand shock.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martha I. Nelson, Elodie Ghedin
Summary: The evolutionary steps taken by the 1918 flu pandemic virus have been revealed through the analysis of lung samples stored in medical archives. Three genomes of the influenza A virus responsible for the global pandemic have been obtained, showing mutations that may have triggered the devastating second wave.
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Edward W. Gregg, Marisa K. Sophiea, Misghina Weldegiorgis
Summary: Eighteen months into the COVID-19 pandemic, studies have shown that diabetes is a major contributor to severe morbidity and mortality among COVID-19 patients. Individuals with diabetes have a significantly higher risk of requiring intensive care and death compared to those without diabetes. Further research is needed to understand the impact of COVID-19 on individuals with diabetes and to identify ways to reduce the severity of outcomes in the next phases of the pandemic.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Patrick Berche
Summary: The Spanish flu, occurring at the end of World War I, resulted in 50-100 million deaths in a population that lacked sufficient medical resources. The flu virus was initially discovered in pigs and then studied in humans. The mortality rate varied in different waves, and the high death rate among the 20-40 age group remains unexplained. Despite the differences in the virus involved, the history of the Spanish flu provides insights into the challenges of managing current pandemics.
Article
Allergy
Peng Zhang, Rocio Lopez, Amy H. Attaway, Steve N. Georas, Sumita B. Khatri, Simon Abi-Saleh, Joe G. Zein
Summary: Asthmatic patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) had increased hospital length of stay, cost, and risk for readmission during asthma-related hospitalizations. They were also more likely to develop nonrespiratory complications during their hospital stay compared to patients without diabetes. However, the risk of mortality was similar between the two groups.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jessica Ares Blanco, Carmen Lambert, Manuel Fernandez-Sanjurjo, Paula Morales-Sanchez, Pedro Pujante, Paola Pinto-Hernandez, Eduardo Iglesias-Gutierrez, Edelmiro Menendez Torre, Elias Delgado
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the glucose tolerance status after 15 years of pregnancy in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to assess the long-term effect of GDM on circulating miRNA profile. The study included 30 randomly selected women diagnosed with GDM during 2005-2006, and glucose tolerance was measured using the National Diabetes Data Group criteria. Four miRNAs were analyzed in the plasma of women 15 years after the diagnosis of GDM. The study found that 50% of women had some degree of glucose intolerance 15 years after the diagnosis of GDM, which was directly related to body weight and body mass index during pregnancy. Dysglycemic women also showed significantly increased levels of circulating hsa-miR-24-3p. Thus, initial weight and BMI, along with circulating expression levels of hsa-miR-24-3p, could be good predictors of the future development of dysglycemia in women with a previous diagnosis of GDM.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rebeca Melero, Maria Elena Quiroz-Rodriguez, Francisco Lara-Hernandez, Josep Redon, Guillermo Saez, Laisa S. Briongos-Figuero, Jessica Abadia-Otero, Juan Carlos Martin-Escudero, F. Javier Chaves, Guillermo Ayala, Ana-Barbara Garcia-Garcia
Summary: This study found a significant association between genetic polymorphisms related to oxidative stress parameters and the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a general population from Spain, indicating the important role of genetic variations and their interaction with oxidative stress parameters in the risk of developing T2D.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Charlotte Hannah Gaughan, Cameron Razieh, Kamlesh Khunti, Amitava Banerjee, Yogini Chudasama, Melanie J. Davies, Ted Dolby, Clare L. Gillies, Claire Lawson, Evgeny M. Mirkes, Jasper Morgan, Karen Tingay, Francesco Zaccardi, Thomas Yates, Vahe Nafilyan
Summary: Despite high vaccination rates in the UK, certain ethnic minority communities have lower take-up rates. All ethnic groups have lower vaccination rates compared to the white British population, with black communities having the lowest rates.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Karen O. B. Appiah, Kamlesh Khunti, Benjamin M. Kelly, Aidan Q. Innes, Zhining Liao, Michael Dymond, Robert G. Middleton, Thomas W. Wainwright, Thomas Yates, Francesco Zaccardi
Summary: This study aimed to develop risk scores of preoperative patient factors and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) as predictors of patient-rated satisfaction and improvement following hip and knee replacements. Analysis of prospectively collected patient data showed that preoperative PROMs were closely related to surgical outcomes. Prediction models were developed to predict dissatisfaction and lack of improvement following surgery based on easily accessible preoperative patient factors and PROMs.
JOURNAL OF EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tatiana Plekhanova, Alex Rowlands, Melanie J. Davies, Andrew P. Hall, Tom Yates, Charlotte L. Edwardson
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of an automated sleep detection algorithm applied to data from three accelerometers. The results showed that the sleep estimates obtained from the accelerometers were generally comparable to the results from polysomnography, except for wake after sleep onset.
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mary M. Barker, Melanie J. Davies, Francesco Zaccardi, Emer M. Brady, Andrew P. Hall, Joseph J. Henson, Kamlesh Khunti, Amelia Lake, Emma L. Redman, Alex V. Rowlands, Jane Speight, Tom Yates, Jack A. Sargeant, Michelle Hadjiconstantinou
Summary: This study investigated the association between age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and depressive symptoms, diabetes-specific distress, and self-compassion. The results showed that younger age at diagnosis was significantly associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms and diabetes-specific distress, and lower levels of self-compassion.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Samuel Seidu, Mohammad Abdool, Abdullah Almaqhawi, Thomas J. Wilkinson, Setor K. Kunutsor, Kamlesh Khunti, Tom Yates
Summary: Regular physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. However, the quality of the evidence is low.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Matthew J. Roberts, Alice E. Thackray, Alex J. Wadley, Tareq F. Alotaibi, David J. Hunter, Julie Thompson, Kyoko Fujihira, Masashi Miyashita, Sarabjit Mastana, Nicolette C. Bishop, Emma O'donnell, Melanie J. Davies, James A. King, Thomas Yates, David Webb, David J. Stensel
Summary: This study compared endothelial function and postprandial lipemia in South Asians and White Europeans, and found that South Asians had lower postprandial endothelial function and higher postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations compared to White Europeans. However, the study also found that walking improved endothelial function to a similar extent in both South Asians and White Europeans, even with small improvements in triacylglycerol. This study highlights the importance of exercise in clinically improving endothelial function in both populations.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rishi Jobanputra, Jack A. Sargeant, Abdullah Almaqhawi, Ehtasham Ahmad, Franciskos Arsenyadis, David R. Webb, Louisa Y. Herring, Kamlesh Khunti, Melanie J. Davies, Thomas Yates
Summary: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the effects of weight loss pharmacotherapies on physical activity, physical function, and cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with obesity. The results showed that weight loss pharmacotherapies improved physical function, but their effects on physical activity and objectively measured physical function and fitness were inconclusive.
Review
Sport Sciences
Scott A. Willis, Sundus Malaikah, Sion Parry, Stephen Bawden, Gael Ennequin, Jack A. Sargeant, Thomas Yates, David R. Webb, Melanie J. Davies, David J. Stensel, Guruprasad P. Aithal, James A. King
Summary: Exercise has beneficial effects on hepatic steatosis and cardiometabolic risk in patients with or at risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It modulates hepatic lipid composition, with an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and a decrease in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) being consistent findings. However, the effects on saturated fatty acids (SFA) are less conclusive. Confirmation of these findings in well-controlled interventions in people with NAFLD is needed.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ehtasham Ahmad, Franciskos Arsenyadis, Abdullah Almaqhawi, Mary Barker, Rishi Jobanputra, Jack A. Sargeant, David R. Webb, Thomas Yates, Melanie J. Davies
Summary: This study investigated the effects of novel glucose-lowering therapies (SGLT2 inhibitors, DPP4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists) on physical function in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that GLP-1 receptor agonists had positive effects on self-reported physical function, but further research is needed to determine the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP4 inhibitors.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
T. Yates, J. Henson, P. McBride, B. Maylor, L. Y. Herring, J. A. Sargeant, M. J. Davies, P. C. Dempsey, A. V. Rowlands, C. L. Edwardson
Summary: This study investigates the step cadence values for moderate-intensity walking in older adults during treadmill walking and daily living. The findings suggest that a step cadence of 70 steps/minute may indicate moderate-intensity stepping in older adults.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Alex V. Rowlands, Paddy C. Dempsey, Benjamin Maylor, Cameron Razieh, Francesco Zaccardi, Melanie J. Davies, Kamlesh Khunti, Thomas Yates
Summary: This study examined the association between self-reported walking pace and all-cause mortality (ACM), and found that the association persisted across different categories of accelerometer-assessed physical activity status. The results showed that a higher walking pace was associated with higher physical activity levels and lower risk of all-cause mortality. The findings highlight the importance of both self-reported walking pace and accelerometer-assessed physical activity in predicting mortality risk.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Callum Jackson, Iain Stewart, Tatiana Plekhanova, Peter S. Cunningham, Andrew L. Hazel, Bashar Al-Sheklly, Raminder Aul, Charlotte E. Bolton, Trudie Chalder, James D. Chalmers, Nazia Chaudhuri, Annemarie B. Docherty, Gavin Donaldson, Charlotte L. Edwardson, Omer Elneima, Neil J. Greening, Neil A. Hanley, Victoria C. Harris, Ewen M. Harrison, Ling-Pei Ho, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Luke S. Howard, Caroline J. Jolley, Mark G. Jones, Olivia C. Leavy, Keir E. Lewis, Nazir Lone, Michael Marks, Hamish J. C. McAuley, Melitta A. McNarry, Brijesh Patel, Karen Piper-Hanley, Krisnah Poinasamy, Betty Raman, Matthew Richardson, Pilar Rivera-Ortega, Sarah L. Rowland-Jones, Alex Rowlands, Ruth M. Saunders, Janet T. Scott, Marco Sereno, Ajay M. Shah, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Stefan C. Stanel, Mathew Thorpe, Daniel G. Wootton, Thomas Yates, R. Gisli Jenkins, Sally J. Singh, William D-C Man, Christopher E. Brightling, Louise Wain, Joanna C. Porter, A. A. Roger Thompson, Alex Horsley, Philip L. Molyneaux, Rachael A. Evans, Samuel E. Jones, Martin K. Rutter, John F. Blaikley, PHOSP-COVID Study Collaborative Grp
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and nature of sleep disturbance after discharge following hospital admission for COVID-19 and found that sleep disturbance is associated with dyspnoea, anxiety, and muscle weakness. Targeting sleep disturbance might be beneficial in treating the post-COVID-19 condition.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Amanda J. Daley, Ryan A. Griffin, Catherine A. Moakes, James P. Sanders, Magdalena Skrybant, Natalie Ives, Ben Maylor, Sheila M. Greenfield, Kajal Gokal, Helen M. Parretti, Stuart J. H. Biddle, Colin Greaves, Ralph Maddison, Nanette Mutrie, Dale W. Esliger, Lauren Sherar, Charlotte L. Edwardson, Tom Yates, Emma Frew, Sarah Tearne, Kate Jolly
Summary: Current physical activity guidelines focus on weekly accumulation of at least 150 min of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), but many people still do not regularly participate in physical activity. Snacktivity (TM) is a concept that encourages the public to be more physically active through small, frequent bursts of MVPA throughout the day. This study aims to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the Snacktivity (TM) intervention and inform the design of a subsequent phase III randomized trial.
PILOT AND FEASIBILITY STUDIES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Aron P. Sherry, Scott A. Willis, Thomas Yates, William Johnson, Cameron Razieh, Jack A. Sargeant, Sundus Malaikah, David J. Stensel, Guruprasad P. Aithal, James A. King
Summary: This study found a negative correlation between habitual physical activity and hepatic fibro-inflammation. It showed that more intense physical activity, particularly vigorous-intensity activities, is beneficial for the liver, and this effect is more pronounced in individuals with higher levels of body and liver fat.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
T. Yates, G. J. H. Biddle, J. Henson, C. L. Edwardson, F. Arsenyadis, L. M. Goff, D. Papamargaritis, D. R. Webb, K. Khunti, M. J. Davies
Summary: This study investigates the impact of weight cycling on fat mass and fat-free mass in a primary care population at high risk of type 2 diabetes, using 24-month weight change trajectories.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
