Review
Oncology
Yoshiaki Nakamura, Akihito Kawazoe, Florian Lordick, Yelena Y. Janjigian, Kohei Shitara
Summary: Despite the lack of clinically relevant biomarkers in the treatment of patients with gastric and gastro-oesophageal junction cancers, advances in identifying molecular subtypes and developing novel therapies are moving towards personalized medicine for individual patients.
NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Meet Patel, Adam Eckburg, Shahina Gantiwala, Zachary Hart, Joshua Dein, Katie Lam, Neelu Puri
Summary: Metastatic melanoma has poor survival rates compared to other types of skin cancer, and traditional therapies are ineffective. Molecular targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, are commonly used but patients quickly develop resistance. Understanding the mechanisms of acquired resistance is crucial for developing better approaches to improve outcomes in melanoma patients.
Review
Oncology
Colette J. Shen, Stephanie A. Terezakis
Summary: With ongoing advancements in medical technologies, treatment of pediatric cancers is constantly evolving, with radiotherapy playing a critical role in the era of precision medicine, adapting and undergoing re-evaluation.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Doah Cho, Saskia Cheyne, Sarah J. Lord, John Simes, Chee Khoon Lee
Summary: This study aimed to identify methodological guidance for extrapolating evidence from targeted therapies used for common cancers to rare biomarker-defined cancers. The results showed that while there is no established framework, recommendations for the components of extrapolation can be used to guide discussions about interpreting evidence to support extrapolation. This study can inform the development of an extrapolation framework for biomarker-targeted therapies in rare cancers.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Alexander E. Perl, Paresh Vyas
Summary: Two publications provide new insights into risk stratification in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and mutations in IDH1, IDH2, or FLT3 who received initial therapy with venetoclax and azacitidine, setting the stage for future trials integrating molecularly targeted therapy with this new standard regimen.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Rossella Reddavid, Simona Dagatti, Caterina Franco, Lucia Puca, Mariano Tomatis, Simona Corso, Silvia Giordano, Maurizio Degiuli
Summary: Despite the addition of molecular therapy in the clinical treatment of advanced and metastatic gastric cancer, the survival benefits of these novel therapies remain rather unclear, possibly due to inaccurate patient selection.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Carrie C. Lubitz, Peter M. Sadow, Gilbert H. Daniels, Lori J. Wirth
Summary: Thyroid cancer has seen a significant increase in incidence, with high frequencies of druggable molecular alterations, especially oncogenic driver kinase fusions, and the understanding that poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma develop from more well-differentiated follicular-derived thyroid cancers. Identification of driver genomic alterations not only predicts tumor phenotype but also guides treatment approaches. Major progress in understanding the molecular underpinnings of different thyroid cancers has led to gene-specific systemic therapies and advancements in targeted therapy.
Review
Oncology
Yier Lu, Meng Wu, Yang Xu, Lili Yu
Summary: Dysfunction of p53 plays a significant role in tumor cell resistance to therapeutic agents. The major mechanisms causing p53 dysfunction are mediated by MDM2/MDMX destabilization and inactivation of wtp53, and somatic p53 mutations. Despite efforts to develop therapeutic strategies to induce wtp53-like activities, their clinical efficacy and safety remain uncertain.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Debbie W. Chen, Mousumi Banerjee, Tianyi Xu, Francis P. Worden, Megan R. Haymart
Summary: This study analyzed the trends and utilization of systemic therapies for advanced thyroid cancer among patients in the United States. The results showed a significant increase in the number of patients receiving systemic therapy in recent years, with lenvatinib being the most commonly prescribed first-line therapy. In addition, there was an increasing trend in the use of systemic therapies among non-White patients.
ENDOCRINE PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Mi Jeong Kwon
Summary: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women globally. The development of novel therapies for patients who do not respond to standard treatments is crucial. However, the identification and validation of reliable biomarkers for predicting treatment responses remain a major challenge.
ARCHIVES OF PHARMACAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Khashayar Ahmadmehrabi, Ali R. Haque, Ahmed Aleem, Elizabeth A. Griffiths, Gregory W. Roloff
Summary: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a predominantly fatal blood cancer, and treatment options remained stagnant for forty years until recently multiple new agents were approved. These new therapies mainly function as inhibitors of key cell cycle enzymatic pathways or mediators of leukemic proliferation and survival, and have been approved both as single agents and in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fanyuan Yu, Changhao Yu, Feifei Li, Yanqin Zuo, Yitian Wang, Lin Yao, Chenzhou Wu, Chenglin Wang, Ling Ye
Summary: Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a critical role in human cancers, associated with cancer progression, prognosis, and mortality. Despite the development of therapies targeting this pathway, there are challenges in translating them into clinical practice.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Junjun Jing, Zhuoxuan Wu, Jiahe Wang, Guowen Luo, Hengyi Lin, Yi Fan, Chenchen Zhou
Summary: The past decade has witnessed significant advances in understanding the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway and its implications in various biological events. The HH signaling cascade, involving the primary cilium, plays crucial roles in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of adult stem cells. Notably, the dysregulation of the HH signaling pathway has been associated with increased cancer prevalence, malignant progression, poor prognosis, and elevated mortality. The integrative nature of HH signaling has opened up new avenues for targeted therapies in cancer, including small molecule inhibitors, natural compounds, and long non-coding RNA (LncRNA)-based treatments.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kristie H. Lau, Alexandra M. Tan, Yihui Shi
Summary: This article discusses the incidence and classification of breast cancer in the United States, and explores the main treatment methods, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and targeted therapy. It also highlights the research focus on triple-negative breast cancer treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Giacomo Bregni, Benjamin Beck
Summary: Prognosis for patients with oesophageal cancer is poor and precision oncology for this disease is still lacking. Recent advances have been made in oesophageal cancer profiling and clinical trials based on targeted therapies.
