Review
Agronomy
Mustafa Yassin, Jurriaan Ton, Stephen A. Rolfe, Tracy A. Valentine, Matthew Cromey, Nicola Holden, Adrian C. Newton
Summary: The use of chemical induced resistance (IR) agents in plant protection products initially showed promise but fell out of favor due to low efficacy and potential negative effects on growth and yield. However, with a shift towards integrated pest management, these agents may find a place in plant protection strategies. Researchers continue to explore ways to improve the efficacy and mitigate the negative impacts of chemical IR agents.
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Economics
Ian Stafford
Summary: This paper focuses on the emergence of new institutional structures and geographies in the context of complex state rescaling processes characterized by 'hollowing out' and 'filling in'. It explores the regionalization of transport policy in Wales post-devolution and examines the potential of Haughton et al.'s concepts of 'soft' and 'hard' spaces in understanding state rescaling. The paper suggests that the case of transport policy in Wales post-devolution is a useful example of the evolution of 'soft spaces' through processes of hardening and softening, and the 'stickiness' of regional spatial imaginaries.
Article
Management
E. Richard Gold
Summary: The article discusses the decline in the innovation system's ability to create wealth and attain social benefit, attributing it to the increasing complexity of science, a mismatch of incentives, and a balkanization of knowledge. By establishing open science partnerships, efficiency of the innovation system can be improved.
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
John P. Dunne
Summary: This article suggests that the vertical migration of tiny phytoplankton provides an unrecognized resiliency to climate warming, which is critical for carbon storage and living marine resources.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marten Scheffer, Ingrid van de Leemput, Els Weinans, Johan Bollen
Summary: The research suggests that there has been a gradual increase in the use of words associated with rationality in books since 1850, while words related to human experience have decreased. In recent decades, this pattern has reversed, accompanied by a shift from collectivism to individualism and changes in the ratio between sentiment and rationality flag words. Overall, there has been a marked shift in public interest from collective to individual, and from rationality towards emotion in recent decades.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Valenti Rull
Summary: Mangrove forests are essential ecosystems for biodiversity and carbon mitigation, but they are highly threatened. The CARMA database has analyzed past environmental shifts and the response of mangroves in the Caribbean region. The diversity and composition of Caribbean mangroves were shaped by evolutionary and climate changes, and human activities have led to significant deforestation. Urgent conservation actions are needed to prevent the disappearance of these ancient ecosystems.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Dominic McAfee, Sean D. Connell
Summary: This article discusses the expansion of non-native Pacific oysters into the former distribution areas of native oyster species worldwide, and the challenges and opportunities they bring to society and ecosystems.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Guillermo Benitez, Marco Leonti, Barbara Bock, Simon Vulfsons, Amots Dafni
Summary: Mandrake, a famous medicinal plant, has a long history of medical use and is still used in popular medicine today. Although its role in popular medicine has diminished, mandrake-derived natural products such as atropine and scopolamine, as well as their semi-synthetic derivatives, continue to play an important role in medicine. This study aims to trace the historical and scientific events that led to the abandonment of mandrake as a medicine. The findings suggest a decrease in versatility and a more consolidated use pattern over time, possibly due to the reproduction of classic textual sources and reduced popularity of mandrake in medicine, while atropine gained importance in surgical interventions.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Development Studies
Douglas A. Irwin
Summary: Import substitution, once believed to be the best trade strategy to promote industrialization and economic growth in developing countries in the 1950s, faced widespread disenchantment by the mid-1960s. Early advocates of import substitution were cautious in their support and among the first to question its effectiveness based on country experiences.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
D. Wellnitz, G. Preisser, V. Alba, J. Dubail, J. Schachenmayer
Summary: The study investigates the operator entanglement of the density matrix of 1D many-body models undergoing dissipative evolution, and finds that under the dissipative mechanism of dephasing, the operator entanglement can increase logarithmically at long times.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
James S. Lawson
Summary: This review explores the decline in coronary heart disease and its relation to atherosclerosis and tobacco smoking. The prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis rose dramatically between 1900 and 1960 but fell equally dramatically between 1960 and 2010. The decline in atherosclerosis can be attributed to the reduction in tobacco smoking and the control of hypertension and high serum total cholesterol.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas J. Matthews
Summary: Islands serve as platforms for various remarkable evolutionary phenomena, such as the island rule - the tendency for animals to either shrink or enlarge in size. A recent study on insular mammals reveals that these size shifts make these evolutionary marvels more susceptible to extinction.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chakresh Kumar Singh, Emma Barme, Robert Ward, Liubov Tupikina, Marc Santolini
Summary: The rise and fall of scientific fields follow a common evolutionary pattern, with early stages characterized by interdisciplinary works and small teams, while late stages involve specialized, large teams building on previous works. This method provides a foundation for quantitatively exploring generic patterns in the evolution of research fields, with implications for innovation studies.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Xianjia Wang, Rui Ding, Jinhua Zhao, Wenman Chen
Summary: This paper investigates the prevalence of donation behaviors in real life and the factors influencing their propagation. By analyzing different strategies in simulated populations, the authors find that extreme altruists struggle to survive without adapting, and reputation plays a key role in cooperation. Furthermore, the introduction of peculiar strategies like hypocrites and realists negatively impacts the popularization of donation behaviors in various scenarios.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Johannes Mulmenstadt, Laura J. Wilcox
Summary: Global models are essential for climate projections, but conventional models have errors in both cloud physics and circulation features. Recent research shows a global model capable of accurately representing the impact of aerosols on clouds, potentially improving cloud process fidelity. Future models with km-scale resolution may enhance regional circulation and improve regional climate projection capabilities.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2021)
