Article
Neurosciences
Markus Meister
Summary: Animals can learn efficiently from a single experience and adapt their future behavior. Fast learning is related to genetic encoding, while slow learning is acquired through unsupervised learning from the environment.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuto Kurihara, Toru Takahashi, Rieko Osu
Summary: This study found that inter-brain synchronization significantly increased between multiple brain regions during fast tapping tasks, and synchronization between the central and left-temporal regions was positively correlated with the instability of coordination.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Segolene M. R. Guerin, Juliette Boitout, Yvonne N. Delevoye-Turrell
Summary: This study examined the role of attention in motor timing using time series analysis and a dual task paradigm. It found that different timing strategies were used for slow and fast movements, with contrasting attentional demands. The analysis also confirmed that temporal and spatial constraints impacted the attentional resources allocated to finger-tapping tasks.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Fouad Atallah, Cintia Gomes, Howard Minkoff
Summary: This article discusses the impact of cognitive biases on medical decision making and proposes 10 rules to mitigate their effects.
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zijian Song, Cristian Rodriguez-Tinoco, Allen Mathew, Simone Napolitano
Summary: This study identifies a molecular process known as Slow Mode (SAP) that is universally observed in liquid dynamics of thin films and is closely connected to high-temperature flow. The findings suggest that measurements of liquid dynamics can be used to predict the equilibration rate in the glassy state.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiao-Xiang Yu, Junsoo Han, John R. Scully, Laurence D. Marks
Summary: The typical defect reactions at the metal/oxide interface explaining the growth and breakdown of passive oxide films in corrosion include the creation of metal and oxygen vacancies. This study introduces a new mechanism of oxygen injection into the metal, with fast passivation in the NiCr alloy showing a significant oxygen injection at a fast growth rate. The addition of Mo promotes the formation of the corundum phase in the outer oxide layer for NiCrMo, changing the transport mechanism of oxygen through the oxide film and across the metal/oxide interface.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tommy Hosman, Jacqueline B. Hynes, Jad Saab, Kaitlin G. Wilcoxen, Bradley R. Buchbinder, Nicholas Schmansky, Sydney S. Cash, Emad N. Eskandar, John D. Simeral, Brian Franco, Jessica Kelemen, Carlos E. Vargas-Irwin, Leigh R. Hochberg
Summary: The study compares neuronal ensemble recordings from the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and precentral gyrus (PCG) of a tetraplegic individual using an iBCI. It found that PCG is more involved in choosing and executing intended movements, while MFG contributes to sensorimotor processing steps prior to the action plan in PCG, especially when actions are instructed using auditory cues. This highlights a novel function of neurons in the human left MFG in auditory processing for motor control.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Adriana Boettcher, Saskia Wilken, Nico Adelhoefer, Markus Raab, Sven Hoffmann, Christian Beste
Summary: Sensorimotor integration is a crucial process in daily life, involving the integration of different sensory information. The role of theta- and beta-band activities in this process and the neuroanatomical structures involved were examined. The study found that beta-band activity in parietal cortices plays a role in the initial specification of indicator dynamics. When information about the goal was not accessible, higher theta-band activity in the superior frontal cortex was observed, indicating an increased need for control. Later, theta- and beta-band activities encoded different information within the ventral processing stream. Complex sensorimotor integration is achieved through a cascade of theta- and beta-band activities in a ventral-stream-parieto-frontal network.
Article
Neurosciences
Peter P. Ujma, Orsolya Szalardy, Daniel Fabo, Lorand Eross, Robert Bodizs
Summary: Slow waves are major pacemakers of NREM sleep oscillations, mainly generated by cortical neurons. This study found that thalamic activity during slow waves is highly similar to scalp activity, with different frequency bands observed during downstates and upstates. These results suggest that thalamic activity is primarily driven by global cortical activity, while smaller thalamocortical neuron assemblies may initiate cortical oscillations.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mitchell Clough, Ichun Anderson Chen, Seong-Wook Park, Allison M. Ahrens, Jeffrey N. Stirman, Spencer L. Smith, Jerry L. Chen
Summary: Understanding brain function requires monitoring both local and global brain dynamics, with two-photon imaging presenting trade-offs between imaging area and acquisition speed. The authors introduce Quadroscope, a flexible microscope capable of simultaneously capturing four independently targetable brain regions at video rate across 5 mm field of view, demonstrating the ability to measure calcium activity in the mouse sensorimotor cortex at behaviorally relevant timescales.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Sabrina Bhangal, Shreya Sharma, Fernando Valle-Inclan, Xi Ren, Steven A. Hackley
Summary: By reexamining with a 6-second delay, it was found that the decrease in SPN was limited to the early half of the delay when participants were learning a sequence of keypress durations, suggesting that processes related to adjustment and maintenance of action-outcome expectancies may play a role in explaining the diminished SPN.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zongying Liu, Shaoxi Li, Jiangling Hao, Jingfeng Hu, Mingyang Pan
Summary: This study focuses on improving the performance of the K-nearest neighbors algorithm by introducing kernel methods and reduced kernel methods to enhance the classification accuracy, and proposes a new method to define the number of neighbors, reducing parameter dependency issues. Based on experimental results, the proposed RK-KNN model shows the best performance in human activity recognition.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yefei Bai, Chengli Liu, Thorne Lay, Kwok Fai Cheung, Yoshiki Yamazaki
Summary: Three months after a magnitude 7.8 thrust earthquake struck the Shumagin Islands, a magnitude 7.6 aftershock occurred, generating larger tsunami waves than the mainshock. Detailed analysis of seismic, geodetic, and tsunami observations revealed an unprecedented source complexity, involving weakly tsunamigenic fast rupture of two intraplate faults and strongly tsunamigenic slow thrust slip on a third fault near the shelf break.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Qinghong Liao, Kun Peng, Haiyan Qiu
Summary: We explore the tunability of magnomechanically induced transparency (MMIT) and fast-slow light effect in a hybrid cavity magnomechanical system. By adjusting the parameters, we observe magnon-induced transparency (MIT) and MMIT in the probe output spectrum. We also investigate the effect of atomic ensemble on the absorption spectrum and discuss phenomena of slow-light propagation.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Irina Bashkirtseva, Lev Ryashko
Summary: This paper considers the problem of probabilistic analysis of stochastic phenomena in slow-fast dynamical systems modeling biochemical reactions. It studies how multiplicative noise induces systematic shifts of probabilistic distributions and forms phantom attractors in nonlinear enzymatic models. The mathematical analysis of the underlying probabilistic mechanism of such stochastic transformations is performed using the freeze-and-average method. The theoretical results are supported by direct numerical simulation.
Article
Neurosciences
Florent Barthas, Melody Y. Hu, Michael J. Siniscalchi, Farhan Ali, Yann S. Mineur, Marina R. Picciotto, Alex C. Kwan
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Farhan Ali, Danielle M. Gerhard, Katherine Sweasy, Santosh Pothula, Christopher Pittenger, Ronald S. Duman, Alex C. Kwan
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Farhan Ali, Ling-Xiao Shao, Danielle M. Gerhard, Katherine Sweasy, Santosh Pothula, Christopher Pittenger, Ronald S. Duman, Alex C. Kwan
Summary: Mutation in the SHANK3 gene can result in synaptic calcium dysregulation, which affects learning and cognitive abilities. Upregulation of specific subunits can correct this abnormal signal and improve learning deficits.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Neil K. Savalia, Ling-Xiao Shao, Alex C. Kwan
Summary: Studies have shown that serotonergic psychedelics like psilocybin and ketamine may relieve depression by promoting neural plasticity. Despite targeting distinct molecular receptors in the brain, the behavioral and neural effects of these compounds are similar, possibly by enhancing and suppressing membrane excitability at dendrites.
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
(2021)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Farhan Ali, Danielle M. Gerhard, Katherine Sweasy, Santosh Pothula, Christopher Pittenger, Ronald S. Duman, Alex C. Kwan
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Hao Wu, Neil K. Savalia, Alex C. Kwan
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Heather K. Ortega, Alex C. Kwan
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Peter Rupprecht, Stefano Carta, Adrian Hoffmann, Mayumi Echizen, Antonin Blot, Alex C. Kwan, Yang Dan, Sonja B. Hofer, Kazuo Kitamura, Fritjof Helmchen, Rainer W. Friedrich
Summary: Researchers developed an algorithm for spike inference (CASCADE) based on supervised deep networks, utilizing a large ground truth database to infer absolute spike rates and outperforming existing model-based algorithms. CASCADE optimizes performance for unseen data by resampling ground truth data, matching the respective sampling rate and noise level, without the need for user adjustment of any parameters.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Hongli Wang, Heather K. Ortega, Huriye Atilgan, Cayla E. Murphy, Alex C. Kwan
Summary: In this study, we trained head-fixed male mice to play a competitive game against a virtual computer opponent. The mice's performance was well described by a hybrid computational model that includes Q-learning and choice kernels. Comparing the competitive game with a non-competitive task, we found that they encourage different regimes of reinforcement learning. Additionally, we measured pupil size fluctuations and found that pupil responses were modulated by observable and latent variables.
Review
Neurosciences
Alex C. Kwan, David E. Olson, Katrin H. Preller, Bryan L. Roth
Summary: This review focuses on the basic neurobiology of the action of psychedelic drugs. It covers the chemistry and potency of psychoactive molecules, the role of serotonin receptors and their signaling pathways, the impact on neuronal spiking dynamics, transcriptional changes, and structural plasticity. This review also summarizes neuroimaging results that highlight the effects on association cortices and thalamocortical functional connectivity, providing insights into the neural mechanisms responsible for the acute and enduring effects of psychedelics on behavior.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wen-Liang Zhou, Kristen Kim, Farhan Ali, Steven T. Pittenger, Cali A. Calarco, Yann S. Mineur, Charu Ramakrishnan, Karl Deisseroth, Alex C. Kwan, Marina R. Picciotto
Summary: Dopamine signaling from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is important for reward-related behaviors. This study reveals that neighboring VTA GABAergic neurons project to the ventral pallidum (VP) and their activity correlates with reward size and palatability. Stimulation of this GABA projection enhances the activity of VP neurons involved in seeking reward and improves performance in a cue-reward task.
Article
Neurosciences
Steven F. Grieco, Eero Castren, Gitte M. Knudsen, Alex C. Kwan, David E. Olson, Yi Zuo, Todd C. Holmes, Xiangmin Xu
Summary: Psychedelic drugs have regained attention as tools for treating brain disorders. Recent research suggests that they may exert therapeutic effects by influencing neural plasticity. This article showcases basic and clinical research on the mechanisms of psychedelic drugs, covering topics such as receptor binding, gene expression, and their effects on brain circuits.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samuel C. Woodburn, Alex C. Kwan
Article
Neurosciences
Lieselot L. G. Carrette, Adam Kimbrough, Pasha A. Davoudian, Alex C. Kwan, Andres Collazo, Olivier George
Summary: Chronic nicotine use leads to dependence and withdrawal symptoms, which are caused by desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and altered cholinergic neurotransmission. This study identifies the contribution of cholinergic regions and nicotinic receptors to changes in the brain's functional network during withdrawal, and identifies novel cellular pathways that may be critical for nicotine dependence.
