Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Samuel N. Heyman, Thomas Walther, Zaid Abassi
Summary: Membrane-bound angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2 acts as a receptor for the Sars-CoV-2 spike protein, allowing viral attachment to host cells. COVID-19 has shed light on the importance of ACE2 and Ang-(1-7), which may offer renoprotective effects in acute kidney injury (AKI) but could also have detrimental effects in certain conditions. Activation of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis may provide renal protection in AKI patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ke Xu, Xingyi Shi, Chris Husted, Rui Hong, Yichen Wang, Boting Ning, Travis Sullivan, Kimberly M. Rieger-Christ, Fenghai Duan, Helga Marques, Adam C. Gower, Xiaohui Xiao, Hanqiao Liu, Gang Liu, Grant Duclos, Michael Platt, Avrum Spira, Sarah A. Mazzilli, Ehab Billatos, Marc E. Lenburg, Joshua D. Campbell, Jennifer Beane
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity are influenced by viral entry gene expression patterns in the airway epithelium. The study finds that smoking status is significantly and reproducibly associated with viral entry gene expression, with higher expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in smokers in the bronchus but not in the nose. The study suggests that smoking may lead to higher viral loads and more severe disease in the bronchus, but minimal impact on SARS-CoV-2 infection in the nose.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Linh T. Bui, Nichelle I. Winters, Mei-I Chung, Chitra Joseph, Austin J. Gutierrez, Arun C. Habermann, Taylor S. Adams, Jonas C. Schupp, Sergio Poli, Lance M. Peter, Chase J. Taylor, Jessica B. Blackburn, Bradley W. Richmond, Andrew G. Nicholson, Doris Rassl, William A. Wallace, Ivan O. Rosas, R. Gisli Jenkins, Naftali Kaminski, Jonathan A. Kropski, Nicholas E. Banovich
Summary: Patients with chronic lung disease (CLD) have an increased risk for severe coronavirus disease-19 and poor outcomes. A study comparing the transcriptomes of single cells isolated from healthy and CLD lungs found differences in gene expression that may contribute to worse COVID-19 outcomes in these patients.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryan H. Nguyen, Laura B. Vater, Lava R. Timsina, Gregory A. Durm, Katelin Rupp, Keylee Wright, Miranda H. Spitznagle, Brandy Paul, Shadia Jalal, Lisa Carter-Harris, Karen S. Hudmon, Nasser H. Hanna, Patrick J. Loehrer, DuyKhanh P. Ceppa
Summary: The study found that counties with stronger smoke-free air ordinances had lower smoking rates and fewer new lung cancer cases per year. Therefore, strengthening smoke-free air ordinances is crucial for reducing lung cancer incidence.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tingting Wu, Keye Xu, Chaobo Liu, Yan Li, Mingcai Li
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of interleukin-37 (IL-37) on cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation. By administering IL-37-expressing lentivirus to mice, it was found that IL-37 can alleviate weight loss and pulmonary inflammation induced by cigarette smoke. IL-37 also significantly inhibited inflammatory cell recruitment, reduced inflammatory cell increase, and suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Marta Schiliro, Elizabeth R. Vogel, Lucia Paolini, Christina M. Pabelick
Summary: The detrimental effects of tobacco exposure on children's health are well known, and the prevalence of secondhand or direct cigarette smoke exposure in the pediatric population has not significantly decreased over time. Additionally, the rapid increase in e-cigarette use among adolescents has raised public health concerns.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Tiantian Cen, Yifeng Mai, Jie Jin, Minxuan Huang, Mingcai Li, Shanshan Wang, Hongying Ma
Summary: Our study aimed to investigate the ability of IL-41 to protect against CS-induced lung inflammation in vivo. The results showed that IL-41 pre-treatment alleviated pulmonary inflammatory infiltration and lung tissue lesions, limited CS-induced weight loss, and promoted the polarization of M2 macrophages. IL-41 also increased the levels of IL-10 and reduced the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Simon D. Pouwels, Valerie R. Wiersma, Immeke E. Fokkema, Marijn Berg, Nick H. T. Ten Hacken, Maarten Van Den Berge, Irene Heijink, Alen Faiz
Summary: Cigarette smoking leads to significant transcriptional changes in lung epithelial cells, and a novel smoking-related inducible eQTL was identified that is associated with altered expression of FPR genes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cassio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva, Harmony Matshik Dakafay, Kaitlyn Liu, David M. Ojcius
Summary: Evidence shows cigarette smoke has harmful effects on oral and systemic health. Recently, a link between smoking and susceptibility to COVID-19 was suggested. The study found cigarette smoke upregulates SARS-CoV-2 receptor expression and infection in oral cells, potentially leading to therapeutic interventions for preventing viral infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Atish Gheware, Animesh Ray, Deeksha Rana, Prashant Bajpai, Aruna Nambirajan, S. Arulselvi, Purva Mathur, Anjan Trikha, Sudheer Arava, Prasenjit Das, Asit Ranjan Mridha, Geetika Singh, Manish Soneja, Neeraj Nischal, Sanjeev Lalwani, Naveet Wig, Chitra Sarkar, Deepali Jain
Summary: This study found significantly higher ACE2 protein expression in the lung tissues of deceased COVID-19 patients, which correlated with pathological changes and disease severity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Chao Cao, Baoping Tian, Xinwei Geng, Hongbin Zhou, Zhiwei Xu, Tianwen Lai, Yanping Wu, Zhengqiang Bao, Zhihua Chen, Wen Li, Huahao Shen, Songmin Ying
Summary: Chronic inflammation has been identified as a risk factor for human cancer, and this study showed that cigarette smoke-induced genomic instability may be partially attributed to IL-17-mediated inflammation. Higher levels of IL-17 and DDR were observed in smokers' lung tissues compared to non-smokers, as well as in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. These findings suggest that IL-17 could play a crucial role in the development of lung cancer.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Taylor Morganstein, Zahraa Haidar, Joshua Trivlidis, Ilan Azuelos, Megan Jiaxin Huang, David H. Eidelman, Carolyn J. Baglole
Summary: Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic lung disease affecting 3 million people worldwide, with a potential association with the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis due to its anti-fibrotic action. COVID-19 can lead to pulmonary fibrosis and is linked to smoking. Cannabis, similar to smoking, contains cannabinoids that may reduce inflammation and ACE2 levels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Mounica Bandela, Eleftheria Letsiou, Viswanathan Natarajan, Lorraine B. Ware, Joe G. N. Garcia, Sunit Singla, Steven M. Dudek
Summary: The study suggests that cigarette smoke or e-cigarette vapor-induced apoptosis in lung endothelial cells is related to the protein Cortactin (CTTN), with reduced levels of CTTN potentially increasing the risk of vascular damage and exacerbating the development of COPD.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chin-Wei Kuo, Po-Lan Su, Tang-Hsiu Huang, Chien-Chung Lin, Chian-Wei Chen, Jeng-Shiuan Tsai, Xin-Min Liao, Tzu-Yi Chan, Chi-Chang Shieh
Summary: The expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in alveolar macrophages (AMs) was found to be positively correlated with smoking pack-year and current smoking. Experiments using human AMs showed that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) increased ACE2 expression and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (CoV-2 PsV). Furthermore, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was found to decrease ACE2 expression by suppressing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human AMs. Therefore, smoking increases susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection by increasing ROS-induced ACE2 expression in AMs.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Valeria Lallai, Letizia Manca, Christie D. Fowler
Summary: The study found that nicotine vapor inhalation leads to a significant increase in ACE2 expression in male mouse lung tissue, with no such difference found in female mice. Additionally, both vehicle and nicotine vapor inhalation led to a downregulation of alpha 5 nAChR subunits in both sexes, while expression of alpha 7 nAChR subunit did not show significant differences.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
