Article
Forestry
Brian W. Rolek, Daniel J. Harrison, Daniel W. Linden, Cynthia S. Loftin, Petra B. Wood
Summary: This study investigated the influence of forest management on 18 conifer-associated birds during breeding and post-breeding over the forest regeneration period, finding that forestry treatment categories and years-since-harvest were poor predictors of abundance. However, important associations were found between abundance and vegetation variables, suggesting that managers should target species-specific vegetation outcomes when managing for individual focal species.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Ferdoushi Rahaman, Abdul Shukor Juraimi, Mohd Y. Rafii, Kamal Uddin, Lutful Hassan, Abul Kashem Chowdhury, Sarker Mohammad Rezaul Karim, Bashir Yusuf Rini, Oladosu Yusuff, H. M. Khairul Bashar, Akbar Hossain
Summary: Rice is an important crop for global food demand and security, but it faces significant weed problems. Allelochemicals, secondary metabolites of allelopathic plants, are effective tools for eco-friendly weed management. Understanding the concepts, types, modes of action, biosynthesis, and factors influencing the production of allelochemicals in rice is crucial for developing new weed control strategies.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Joseph A. E. Stewart, Phillip J. Mantgem, Derek J. N. Young, Kristen L. Shive, Haiganoush K. Preisler, Adrian J. Das, Nathan L. Stephenson, Jon E. Keeley, Hugh D. Safford, Micah C. Wright, Kevin R. Welch, James H. Thorne
Summary: The study found that large, severe fires in western United States are leading to tree mortality and limiting conifer regeneration. Historical precipitation was identified as an important predictor of regeneration, suggesting a significant impact of climate on postfire recovery. Seed production exhibited high temporal variability and postfire conifer regeneration was found to decline most substantially during droughts in low-to-moderate elevation forests.
ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hymavathi Salava, Sravankumar Thula, Vijee Mohan, Rahul Kumar, Fatemeh Maghuly
Summary: Genome editing tools are being widely used to improve crop resistance and quality, particularly in tomatoes. Researchers have successfully manipulated many genes to enhance tomato tolerance to abiotic stresses. The genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, are considered fast and efficient for crop improvement.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Mengxia Liu, Kai Wang, Rajendra P. Ghimire, Matti Haapanen, Minna Kivimaenpaa, Fred O. Asiegbu
Summary: Root and stem rot of conifer trees caused by Heterobasidion annosum species complex leads to significant economic losses in Europe. However, the molecular and chemical basis for host resistance remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential chemical and molecular markers for resistance by analyzing needle tissues of Norway spruce clones before pathogen inoculation. Our results revealed a negative correlation between resistance and growth, with resistant clones showing higher content of certain terpenes and increased transcript abundance of genes involved in the terpenoid pathway. Furthermore, genes related to flavonoid and lignin biosynthesis were differentially expressed between resistant and susceptible clones. These findings suggest that terpene content and genes involved in terpenoid, flavonoid, and lignin biosynthesis may play a role in facilitating Norway spruce resistance against H. parviporum.
Article
Plant Sciences
Daniel J. Leybourne, Tracy A. Valentine, Kirsty Binnie, Anna Taylor, Alison J. Karley, Jorunn I. B. Bos
Summary: This study examines the relationship between drought and the plant-aphid system, finding that drought has a negative effect on both plant physiology and aphid fitness. The study also provides evidence that plant resistance influences aphid responses to drought stress. The expression of defensive compounds in plants plays an important role in determining the success of aphid populations. This study highlights the importance of plant defense mechanisms in mediating interactions between the environment, plants, and herbivorous insects.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ian R. MacLachlan, Tegan K. McDonald, Brandon M. Lind, Loren H. Rieseberg, Sam Yeaman, Sally N. Aitken
Summary: Genetic trade-offs among climate-related traits were observed in locally adapted temperate tree populations, which could be exacerbated by selective breeding. Extensive genetic overlap among traits was evident, and potential trade-offs among traits may arise as selective breeding further increases the frequencies of PEAs.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Chandan Roy, Xinyao He, Navin C. C. Gahtyari, Sunita Mahapatra, Pawan K. K. Singh
Summary: Spot blotch, caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, is a devastating disease of wheat in warm and humid areas. It can infect various parts of the plant and produce toxins. No wheat variety is immune to this disease, so an integrated management strategy is necessary. Fungicides, especially triazoles, and cultural methods such as crop rotation and early sowing have shown good effects in reducing the disease. Resistance is mostly quantitative, with only a few major QTLs identified. However, marker assisted breeding for resistance is limited, but advances in genomics may help accelerate breeding efforts.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rongrong Zhai, Shenghai Ye, Jing Ye, Mingming Wu, Guofu Zhu, Faming Yu, Xingyu Wang, Yue Feng, Xiaoming Zhang
Summary: Rice is a staple food for more than half of the global population, but it faces various stresses that result in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Rice has evolved antioxidant systems, including glutaredoxin (GRX), to protect against these stresses. This paper summarizes recent research on the roles of GRX in rice development regulation and stress response, and discusses future research perspectives related to rice production.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Entomology
Adriano E. Pereira, Ryan W. Geisert, Bruce E. Hibbard
Summary: Breeding corn lines with natural resistance to western corn rootworm larvae could be a potential strategy for managing this economically damaging pest.
JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Faith A. Bankole, Baffour Badu-Apraku, Abiodun O. Salami, Titilayo D. O. Falade, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Alejandro Ortega-Beltran
Summary: The study found morphological and genetic variation among Exserohilum turcicum isolates in maize fields in Nigeria. This suggests that breeding for resistance to Northern Corn Leaf Blight (NCLB) in Nigeria requires selection for quantitative resistance.
Review
Plant Sciences
Chiara Biselli, Lorenzo Vietto, Laura Rosso, Luigi Cattivelli, Giuseppe Nervo, Agostino Fricano
Summary: Poplar is valued for its economic importance and has been limited in genetic diversity due to monocultures of elite clones. Recent advances in genomics, marker-assisted selection, and other technologies offer powerful tools for molecular breeding to increase efficiency and reduce time and costs in poplar breeding.
Review
Plant Sciences
Julie Moyse, Sylvain Lecomte, Shirley Marcou, Gaelle Mongelard, Laurent Gutierrez, Monica Hoefte
Summary: Flax is an important crop cultivated for its seeds and fibers. It has seen an increase in cultivation areas for seed production in the past 50 years and for fiber production in the last decade. Fiber flax is the most valuable species among fiber-producing crops.
Review
Ecology
Daan Mertens, Karina Boege, Andre Kessler, Julia Koricheva, Jennifer S. Thaler, Noah K. Whiteman, Erik H. Poelman
Summary: In order to achieve ecological and reproductive success, plants need to mitigate various stressors by incorporating predictable patterns of stress in their life histories. This can help optimize plant responses to dynamic environments where stressors vary predictably.
TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2021)
Review
Horticulture
Szilvia Kisvarga, Katalin Horotan, Muneeb Ahmad Wani, Laszlo Orloci
Summary: Global warming has caused irregular precipitation patterns and various stresses, leading to unforeseen consequences for wildlife. Plant species, especially in urban environments, are struggling to adapt to these changes. However, resistance breeding approaches and environmentally friendly technologies offer hope by expanding the pool of adaptable species.