Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hiroaki Shinda, Koji Ito, Toshihiro Kogure, Maki Asano, Shohei Yamashita, Yasuo Takeichi, Yoshio Takahashi, Rota Wagai
Summary: Thin sectioning of organo-mineral nanocomposites allows for the study of their intact structures, but may lead to material damage. In this study, focused ion beam (FIB) thin sectioning of artificial clay-bacteria composites had no significant impact on the carbon (C) chemistry, as evidenced by C K-edge spectra analysis using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (STXM-NEXAFS), indicating the positive applicability of this approach.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Russell S. Harmon, Daria Khashchevskaya, Michelle Morency, Lewis A. Owen, Morgan Jennings, Jeffrey R. Knott, Jason M. Dortch
Summary: The innovative use of handheld LIBS for in situ analysis of rock varnish has successfully identified emission peaks for the nine elements most abundant in the veneer. This research helps to better understand rock varnish formation and its potential utility for weathering and chronological studies.
Article
Geography, Physical
Pavel U. Martinez-Pabello, Cesar Villalobos, Sergey Sedov, Elizabeth Solleiro-Rebolledo, Jesus Sole, Teresa Pi-Puig, Bruno Chavez-Vergara, Jaime Diaz-Ortega, Alexey Gubin
Summary: The study of rock varnish at La Proveedora archaeological site in Sonora, Mexico revealed a large number of petroglyphs, with geometric, zoomorphic, and anthropomorphic designs being the most common. The varnish has a strong color contrast with the background patina, and is composed of Fe and Mn oxihydroxides and clay minerals. The formation of varnish is influenced by weathering processes and microbial activity, with a rooted configuration of the lower boundaries contributing to the durability of the dark coatings.
QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Pavel U. Martinez-Pabello, Sergey Sedov, Elizabeth Solleiro-Rebolledo, Jesus Sole, Teresa Pi-Puig, Rocio J. Alcantara-Hernandez, Marina Lebedeva, Vasily Shishkov, Cesar Villalobos
Summary: The study investigates the formation mechanism of desert varnish and the petroglyphs created in different regions. Analysis of varnish samples reveals the presence of microorganisms metabolizing Fe and Mn. Carbon-14 dating indicates a relatively young age of the varnish, possibly associated with recent microbial activity.
JOURNAL OF SOUTH AMERICAN EARTH SCIENCES
(2021)
Correction
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Laura M. Otter, Dorothea S. Macholdt, Klaus Peter Jochum, Brigitte Stoll, Ulrike Weis, Bettina Weber, Denis Scholz, Gerald H. Haug, Abdullah M. Al-Amri, Meinrat O. Andreae
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ramon C. Braga, Daniel Rosenfeld, Meinrat O. Andreae, Christopher Poehlker, Ulrich Poeschl, Christiane Voigt, Bernadett Weinzierl, Manfred Wendisch, Mira L. Poehlker, Daniel Harrison
Summary: The relationship between the number concentration of cloud droplets and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in ice-free convective clouds was investigated. The results show that CCN particles at the lateral boundaries of clouds mainly come from cloud detrainment. CCN concentrations detrainment from non-precipitating convective clouds are smaller than below cloud bases, while the detrained CCN particles from precipitating clouds have larger sizes but lower concentrations. These findings support the hypothesis that CCN particles around the cloud are cloud-processed.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geology
Evgeny Deev, Yuri Dublyansky, Svetlana Kokh, Denis Scholz, Gennady Rusanov, Ella Sokol, Pavel Khvorov, Vadim Reutsky, Andrey Panin
Summary: The Kurai Fault Zone is one of the most hazardous seismogenic structures in the Gorny Altai region of Russia. Trenching studies and dating of deposits suggest that several earthquakes have occurred, causing the formation of fault scarps with high magnitudes and shaking intensities.
INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Geology
Dana F. C. Riechelmann, Klaus Peter Jochum, Detlev K. Richter, Denis Scholz
Summary: Two stalagmites from B7-Cave in northwest Germany were re-dated using MC-ICPMS 230Th/U-dating and their element concentrations were analyzed using LA-ICPMS. The results showed the growth periods of both stalagmites and revealed correlations between certain elements and detrital content, growth rate, and past precipitation. The findings provide insights into climate reconstructions in Central Europe.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPELEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Gholamhossein Bagheri, Oliver Schlenczek, Laura Turco, Birte Thiede, Katja Stieger, Jana M. Kosub, Sigrid Clauberg, Mira L. Poehlker, Christopher Poehlker, Jan Molacek, Simone Scheithauer, Eberhard Bodenschatz
Summary: Understanding how infection is transmitted and evaluating the effectiveness of protective measures is crucial in pandemics caused by human respiratory particles. Age is found to be the most important factor affecting the concentration of small exhaled particles. Other factors such as gender, body mass index, smoking or exercise habits have no significant effect. The cumulative volume of PM5 is higher in adults compared to children, while the concentration of larger particles is independent of age.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Max Mallen-Cooper, Emilio Rodriguez-Caballero, David J. Eldridge, Bettina Weber, Burkhard Buedel, Hermann Hoehne, Will K. Cornwell
Summary: Lichens and mosses play important roles in terrestrial ecosystems, especially in tundra and drylands. To adapt to climate change, they will need to migrate. However, there are no estimates of future habitat suitability or migration rates for these groups at a global scale.
JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Philipp Porada, Maaike Y. Bader, Monica B. Berdugo, Claudia Colesie, Christopher J. Ellis, Paolo Giordani, Ulrike Herzschuh, Yunyao Ma, Samuli Launiainen, Juri Nascimbene, Imke Petersen, Jose Raggio Quilez, Emilio Rodriguez-Caballero, Kathrin Rousk, Leopoldo G. Sancho, Christoph Scheidegger, Steffen Seitz, John T. Van Stan, Maik Veste, Bettina Weber, David J. Weston
Summary: Nonvascular photoautotrophs (NVP), such as bryophytes, lichens, terrestrial algae, and cyanobacteria, play a crucial role in ecosystem functioning. However, climate change poses a significant threat to NVP, and its impact on ecosystem functions and services remains uncertain. This study proposes a research agenda to address this urgent question, focusing on physiological and ecological processes linking NVP to ecosystem functions and considering the taxonomic diversity across different ecosystems. The study highlights the need for more quantitative understanding in areas such as acclimation potential, response to elevated CO2, microbiome role, and feedback to (micro)climate, and suggests an integrative approach of laboratory and field experiments and ecophysiological modeling.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Evgeny V. Deev, Svetlana N. Kokh, Yuri Dublyansky, Ella V. Sokol, Denis Scholz, Gennady G. Rusanov, Vadim N. Reutsky
Summary: This study presents a synthesis of field, Th-230-U geochronological, mineralogical, and geochemical data on seven Quaternary travertines in the south-eastern Gorny Altai. The travertine cement, mainly composed of calcite (with minor amounts of aragonite), was deposited due to large paleoearthquakes in the last eight thousand years. The formation of these travertines is associated with warm and wet climatic phases and they serve as important tools for paleoseismological research in seismically active regions.
Article
Ecology
Lina K. K. Muehlbauer, Giorgio Zavattoni, Risto Virtanen, Martin Grube, Bettina Weber, Adam Thomas Clark
Summary: The importance of microclimate conditions in ecological research is increasingly recognized. Measuring microclimate variability requires a large number of sensors that can sample across small and large scales, which calls for cost-effective sensor networks.
ECOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS AND EVIDENCE
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Yunyao Ma, Bettina Weber, Alexandra Kratz, Jose Raggio, Claudia Colesie, Maik Veste, Maaike Y. Bader, Philipp Porada
Summary: Biocrusts are a global phenomenon that contribute significantly to ecosystem functioning. Their growth and survival are influenced by various environmental factors, including climate, and the interaction between these factors and physiological processes. However, observational data on the responses of biocrusts to individual environmental factors have not been comprehensively assembled into a framework that allows for quantitative exploration of their performance across different climatic regions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Denis Leppla, Nora Zannoni, Leslie Kremper, Jonathan Williams, Christopher Poehlker, Marta Sa, Maria Christina Solci, Thorsten Hoffmann
Summary: Chiral chemodiversity is important in biochemical processes, but most organic aerosol studies do not consider enantiomeric compounds. This study measured chiral secondary organic aerosols (SOA) at different altitudes in the Amazon using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The results showed that the chiral ratio of pinic acid varied with altitude, indicating that the chiral information of the precursor molecule is transferred to the product. The differences in atmospheric lifetimes between reactant and product explain the weaker height gradient of enantiomers in the particle phase. This suggests that analyzing chiral aerosol precursors can provide information on the contributions of different sources to biogenic secondary aerosols.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Haley M. Royer, Mira L. Poehlker, Ovid Krueger, Edmund Blades, Peter Sealy, Nurun Nahar Lata, Zezhen Cheng, Swarup China, Andrew P. Ault, Patricia K. Quinn, Paquita Zuidema, Christopher Poehlker, Ulrich Poeschl, Meinrat Andreae, Cassandra J. Gaston
Summary: By comparing multiple observational campaigns from January to February 2020, this study reveals the importance of African smoke for atmospheric processes and cloud formation over the Caribbean.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yunfan Liu, Hang Su, Siwen Wang, Chao Wei, Wei Tao, Mira L. Poehlker, Christopher Poehlker, Bruna A. Holanda, Ovid O. Krueger, Thorsten Hoffmann, Manfred Wendisch, Paulo Artaxo, Ulrich Poeschl, Meinrat O. Andreae, Yafang Cheng
Summary: Nucleation and condensation of BVOCs play a crucial role in aerosol formation, but their contribution to upper-tropospheric aerosols is uncertain. In this study, new schemes describing these processes are developed and implemented into the WRF-Chem model. The results show that the new schemes significantly improve the simulation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations in the upper troposphere over the Amazon Basin. The findings highlight the importance of biosphere-atmosphere coupling in regulating upper-tropospheric aerosol concentrations and its potential role in anthropogenic climate change.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marco A. Franco, Florian Ditas, Leslie A. Kremper, Luiz A. T. Machado, Meinrat O. Andreae, Alessandro Araujo, Henrique M. J. Barbosa, Joel F. de Brito, Samara Carbone, Bruna A. Holanda, Fernando G. Morais, Janaina P. Nascimento, Mira L. Poehlker, Luciana Rizzo, Marta Sa, Jorge Saturno, David Walter, Stefan Wolff, Ulrich Poeschl, Paulo Artaxo, Christopher Poehlker
Summary: In the Amazon region, classical new particle formation, which leads to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) size particles, starts in the upper troposphere instead of the planetary boundary layer. Analysis of data from the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory showed that these growth events are more frequent in the wet season and occur more frequently during the day with higher growth rates. These events may be associated with photochemistry and boundary layer evolution, but there are also events that are not related to deep convection or downdraft transport.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Sophie F. Warken, Therese Weissbach, Tobias Kluge, Hubert Vonhof, Denis Scholz, Rolf Vieten, Martina Schmidt, Amos Winter, Norbert Frank
Summary: This study presents fluid inclusion delta O-18(f) and delta H-2(f) values from Larga Cave, Puerto Rico, covering a period of 46.2 to 15.3 ka. The data set can be divided into two clusters, corresponding to cold and dry periods and warmer and wetter periods. These findings provide insights into the hydro-climate and temperature variations during the last glacial period in the western tropical Atlantic.
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Zhen-Min Ge, Xiao-Long Huang, Wei Xie, Tobias W. Hofig, Fan Yang, Yang Yu, S. Khogenkumar Singh
Summary: The mantle source composition of the nascent oceanic crust in the central part of the Gulf of California has been investigated using basaltic glass samples. These samples show trace element patterns similar to enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts, suggesting that the nascent oceanic crust in the Guaymas Basin might be generated through partial melting of a depleted mantle source metasomatized by subducted slab materials.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Jean-Michel Brazier, Katja E. Goetschl, Martin Dietzel, Vasileios Mavromatis
Summary: This study estimated the distribution coefficient of Zn2+ between calcite/aragonite and reactive fluids and found that the growth rate strongly influences D-Zn(2+) in both minerals. Additionally, a linear correlation was found between D-Zn(2+) and the saturation degree of the reactive fluid.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ming Lei, Michele Lustrino, Jifeng Xu, Zhiqiang Kang, Zhengfu Guo, Jianlin Chen
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive geochronological, mineralogical, and geochemical analysis of olivine leucitites in the Maiga area of southern Tibet, suggesting that these rocks originate from a carbonated peridotite mantle source and highlighting the possibility of carbonates being recycled deep into the mantle during continental subduction.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yuntao Ye, Xiaomei Wang, Huajian Wang, Haifeng Fan, Zhigang Chen, Qingjun Guo, Ziteng Wang, Chaodong Wu, Donald E. Canfield, Shuichang Zhang
Summary: Phosphorus is an essential element for life and its cycle in the ocean is closely connected with the carbon and oxygen cycles. The study of phosphate oxygen isotopes can provide insights into various reactions related to phosphorus. By analyzing carbonate fluorapatite samples from the Mesoproterozoic Era in North China, it was found that the oxygen isotope values were lower compared to modern samples, indicating a warmer climate during that time period and a potential reason for the scarcity of phosphorite.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Vincent Busigny, Oanez Lebeau, Didier Jezeduel, Carine Chaduteau, Sean Crowe, Magali Ader
Summary: This study conducted high-precision Mo isotope research on hydrothermal metal sulfides from a porphyry copper deposit in Southwest China and found that different stages of mineralization have distinct Mo isotope compositions, providing valuable insights into the behavior of Mo isotopes in magmatic-hydrothermal systems.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Min Ji, Xiao-Ying Gao, Yong-Fei Zheng, Bing Gong
Summary: The study examines the anatectic mechanisms in the Himalayan orogen, finding that pressure and temperature control the reaction, while water content mainly affects the solid-phase composition. Dehydration and hydration melting likely occur at different depths in the crust. This research provides important insights into the melting processes in collisional orogens.