☆ 4.7 Article

Higher Dietary Acid Load Might Be a Potent Derivative Factor for Multiple Sclerosis: The Results from a Case-Control Study

NUTRIENTS (2023)

Journal

NUTRIENTS

Volume 15, Issue 15, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI

DOI: 10.3390/nu15153311

Keywords

multiple sclerosis; dietary acid load; potential renal acid load; net endogenous acid production; plant-based protein; animal-based protein; case-control study

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Abstract

This study investigated the association between dietary acid load (DAL) and multiple sclerosis (MS) using potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) scores. The findings suggest that higher PRAL and NEAP scores may be associated with increased odds of MS, while a higher intake of plant-based protein may be protective.

This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary acid load (DAL) and multiple sclerosis (MS), through the potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) scores. In a hospital-based case-control study of 109 patients with MS and 130 healthy individuals, a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and a logistic regression model were used to evaluate the association between the DAL and MS. After adjusting for age (years), gender (male/female), body mass index (Kg/m(2)), and total calories (Kcal), the MS odds were 92% lower for those in the highest tertile of total plant-based protein (OR: 0.08, 95%CI: 0.03, 0.23; p-value < 0.001) and about four times higher for those in the highest tertile of the PRAL (OR: 4.16, 95%CI: 1.94, 8.91; p-value < 0.001) and NEAP scores (OR: 3.57, 95%CI: 1.69, 7.53; p-value < 0.001), compared to those in the lowest tertile. After further adjusting for sodium, saturated fatty acid, and fiber intake, the results remained significant for total plant-based protein intake (OR: 0.07, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.38; p-value = 0.002). In conclusion, a higher NEAP or PRAL score may be associated with increased odds of MS, while a higher intake of plant-based protein instead of animal-based protein may be protective.

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The Impact of Plant-Based Diets on Dietary Acid Load Metrics in Venezuela: A Cross-Sectional Study

Jesus Enrique Ekmeiro-Salvador, Maximilian Andreas Storz

Summary: Dietary acid load (DAL) is an important factor in determining the acid-base balance in humans and is associated with chronic non-communicable diseases. Plant-based diets, such as vegetarian and vegan diets, reduce DAL, but their effect on DAL scores has not been adequately quantified in populations outside of Europe and North America. A study in Venezuela found that vegan diet has the highest alkalizing potential, followed by lacto-ovo-vegetarian and flexitarian diets. DAL scores in the Venezuelan population were lower compared to European and North American populations, possibly due to higher potassium and magnesium intake and lower protein intake in vegans and lacto-ovo-vegetarians. Further studies in non-industrialized populations are needed to establish reference ranges for DAL scores.