Connected and automated vehicle loading system for improving operational inefficiency from human driven vehicle in roll-on/roll-off port operations

This study aims to identify the non-value-adding activities during vehicle stowage operations in automobile terminals and propose a connected automated vehicle (CAV) loading system, a self-driving-car-loading system. Furthermore, the productivity of the CAV loading system is compared with the current loading system. A simulation model of an actual loading system was developed using the software FlexSim. The simulation results showed that the walking time of workers, operation time of shuttle vans, and waiting time occupied a large part of the cycle time in the current operation system. The proposed CAV loading system has eliminated these inefficiencies, and increased productivity by 26.78%. This is the first study to (1) present a self-driving-car-loading system in a simulated automobile terminal of a real-world size, and (2) propose a CAV loading system. Results provide useful insights for the integration of self-driving technology into future automobile port operations.

Automated summary

This study aims to address non-value-adding activities in vehicle stowage operations by proposing a connected automated vehicle (CAV) loading system and comparing its productivity with the current system. The simulation results show that the walking time of workers, operation time of shuttle vans, and waiting time are major contributors to the cycle time in the current system. The proposed CAV loading system eliminates these inefficiencies and increases productivity by 26.78%. This study is the first to present a simulated self-driving-car-loading system in an actual-sized automobile terminal and propose a CAV loading system, providing valuable insights for integrating self-driving technology into future automobile port operations.