Article
Genetics & Heredity
Kotone Matsuyama, Chieko Kurihara, Francis P. Crawley, Sandor Kerpel-Fronius
Summary: Advancements in genomic research have greatly contributed to modern drug development, but fair sharing of these scientific advancements has not always been achieved. This paper explores the impact of molecular biology on drug development and the challenges in ensuring equitable benefit sharing. It presents a conceptual model that describes the processes in genetic-related medicines development and their ethical implications. The focus is on population genetics, pharmacogenomics, and global health, highlighting the importance of benefit sharing as an underlying ethical value. The implementation of benefit sharing requires a paradigm shift in viewing health science outcomes not only as trade commodities but also as a global public good, making genetic science a tool to promote the fundamental human right to health for all members of the global community.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Cecile Brugere, Max Troell, Hampus Eriksson
Summary: Aquaculture development is crucial for the Blue Economy and can improve the well-being of coastal people and the wider population. However, solely focusing on increasing production is unlikely to unlock its full potential. Benefit sharing and policy coherence are essential concepts for achieving equitable aquaculture development, especially in the context of mariculture development in the Western Indian Ocean region.
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Trudie Walters, Raphaela Stadler, Allan Stewart Jepson
Summary: This study highlights the positive outcomes of power relationships at events for marginalised groups. Grounded in empowerment theory, it provides a new framework for event organisers and policymakers to understand and plan for the productive use of power in events. The research sheds new light on understanding power dynamics and empowerment in event settings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Alex D. Rogers, Amy Baco, Elva Escobar-Briones, Kristina Gjerde, Judith Gobin, Marcel Jaspars, Lisa Levin, Katrin Linse, Muriel Rabone, Eva Ramirez-Llodra, Javier Sellanes, Timothy M. Shank, Kerry Sink, Paul V. R. Snelgrove, Michelle L. Taylor, Daniel Wagner, Harriet Harden-Davies
Summary: Growing human activity in areas beyond national jurisdiction is impacting the biodiversity of the oceans, leading the United Nations General Assembly to convene intergovernmental conferences to develop a legally-binding instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity. This includes consideration of marine genetic resources and how to share benefits.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Nomfundo Sibiya, Mikateko Sithole, Lindelani Mudau, Mulala Danny Simatele
Summary: For many of the world's poor people, adaptation to climate change is not a choice but a reality. In South Africa, although good climate change initiatives and policies have been developed, there are difficulties in their implementation, particularly in terms of public awareness and participation. This study recommends the establishment of an all-inclusive system to improve public participation and address the needs of vulnerable groups.
Article
Environmental Studies
Sam Szoke-Burke, Eric Werker
Summary: This study examines the role of power, influence, and participation in driving project-level multi-stakeholder institutions, using the Ahafo gold mine case in Ghana. The findings show that despite the creation of new institutions, stakeholders' ability to influence the distribution of mining rents did not increase, highlighting the complex political dynamics at play in the formation and implementation of project-level MSIs.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Margaux Lespagnard, Waldo Galle, Niels De Temmerman
Summary: Many stakeholders are working towards equitable housing, but practitioners often lack a comprehensive understanding. This paper proposes an equitable housing framework to facilitate discussion and decision-making among stakeholders. By categorizing 418 considerations into fifteen dimensions and visualizing them in a doughnut-like framework, the proposed framework encourages user input and promotes sustainable and inclusive housing decisions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Juan J. Cuenca, Hannah E. Daly, Barry P. Hayes
Summary: Small-scale distributed generation, such as rooftop solar photovoltaics, is adopted earlier in high-income households, which can limit grid electricity export capacity for latecomers and slow down renewable energy deployment. In this study, a policy is proposed to represent grid limitations at all levels of the grid, and a method to predict interest in household distributed generation installations based on demographic and socioeconomic variables is presented. The proposed policy of sharing the grid increases participation and access to the grid without infrastructure upgrades and accelerates small-scale distributed generation rollout, benefiting households and decarbonisation targets.
Article
Ethics
Bridget Pratt, Susan Bull
Summary: This study highlights the importance of advancing equity through data sharing in epidemics and pandemics, alongside utility, solidarity, and reciprocity. While norms for equitable data sharing in such contexts have been identified, further development is needed especially in addressing tensions between utility and equity norms. Overcoming structural inequities in global health is crucial for achieving equitable data sharing in epidemics and pandemics.
BMC MEDICAL ETHICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Daniel Wilde, Hannah Lily, Neil Craik, Anindita Chakraborty
Summary: The development of rules for equitable sharing of economic benefits from deep-sea mining activities by the International Seabed Authority is crucial for ensuring the benefits are enjoyed by all of humanity and protecting the interests of developing countries. This paper examines proposals made at the ISA and suggests the establishment of a 'Seabed Sustainability Fund' to pool mining revenue, but raises concerns about its narrow focus and timing. It also critically analyzes the proposed governance of the fund and emphasizes the importance of a transparent and consultative decision-making process for equitable benefit-sharing arrangements.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jacob Golan, KatieLee Riddle, Maui Hudson, Jane Anderson, Natalie Kusabs, Tim Coltman
Summary: Fair and equitable benefit sharing of genetic resources is an expectation of the Nagoya Protocol. Discussions are underway to include Digital Sequence Information (DSI) through the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) negotiations. Different opinions exist among Nation States, Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLC), and other stakeholders regarding the value generated from genomic data and benefit sharing arrangements. Enhancing benefit sharing can be achieved by connecting data to proper provenance information. The use of digital labeling systems, such as the BioCultural Labels initiative, offers a practical option for ensuring appropriate disclosure of the origin of samples and maintaining Indigenous communities' authority over biocultural material and data.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Social Issues
Deniz Akin, Kine Charlotte Jakobsen, Jacqueline Floch, Emily Hoff
Summary: This paper explores the use of sharing economy platforms at the neighbourhood level through a case study of the Norwegian sharing platform "Nabohjelp". The study reveals instances where users utilize the platform in unforeseen ways, extending the platform's script. Additionally, the payment feature is identified as a barrier to user experience and participation, while the neighbourhood context contributes to strengthening trust, a core enabler for participation in sharing economy.
TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Everardus Wilhelmus (Michiel) Stapper
Summary: Residents are often excluded from contractual negotiations, limiting their influence over development projects. This study explores how residents can use agreements to bend development processes towards their goals. Different types of agreements were used in each case, involving aspects such as neighborhood benefits, planning, monitoring, flexibility, and enforceability. Residents' involvement in negotiation processes can enhance their influence over development projects, with contracts serving as accountability mechanisms.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Nai Hong Hu, Yu Feng Pei, Jiao Zhang
Summary: This paper presents a fair representation for the multiparameter quantum group associated with a symmetrizable Kac-Moody Lie algebra, which serves as a natural extension of Terwilliger's equitable representation for the one-parameter quantum group.
ACTA MATHEMATICA SINICA-ENGLISH SERIES
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Cybernetics
Ziyuan Li, Zhi Lin, Jinghong Nie
Summary: This study found that in OHSGs, social interaction, trust, and shared vision can promote knowledge sharing intention; trust also promotes social interaction and shared vision; individual personality traits can be categorized into interactive, trusting, and cooperative categories, all of which have an impact on knowledge sharing.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Narayan Prasad Gautam, Nirmal Kumar Raut, Bir Bahadur Khanal Chhetri, Nirjala Raut, Muhammad Haroon U. Rashid, Xiangqing Ma, Pengfei Wu
Summary: The study evaluates the interrelationship between poverty, climatic and non-climatic shocks, and the coping strategies adopted by rural households in Nepal. Findings show that different types of households face varied impacts of shocks and coping strategies, with poor households more susceptible to severe shocks.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Taimoor Hassan Farooq, Xen Xincheng, Awais Shakoor, Muhammad Haroon U. Rashid, Muhammad Farhan Bashir, Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz, Uttam Kumar, Sher Muhammad Shahzad, Wende Yan
Summary: The study focused on the forest ecosystem carbon (C) storage in the Castanopsis eyeri natural forest ecosystem (CEF) in Hunan, China. Results showed that tree layer had the highest C storage, while herb layer had the strongest nutrient enrichment capacity to the soil. C content increased with tree age increment.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Solomon Zena Walelign, Carsten Smith-Hall, Santosh Rayamajhi, Bir B. K. Chhetri
Summary: This paper presents primary household-level panel data for investigating the dynamics of rural livelihoods in Nepal. The data includes information on environmental resource use, allowing estimation of household-level environmental income. The dataset covers household demographics, assets, income, and household shock experiences. The data was collected in three main physiographic regions in Nepal in 2006, 2009, and 2012. It can be reused for analyses across various topics, data types, and temporal scales.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz, Muhammad Haroon U. Rashid, Muhammad Saeed-Ur-Rehman, Sadaf Gul, Taimoor Hassan Farooq, Muhammad Azeem Sabir, Junaid Iftikhar, Nader R. Abdelsalam, Eldessoky S. Dessoky, Saqer S. Alotaibi
Summary: This study investigated the responses of three tree species to different dust types in urban environments and found that Bombax ceiba exhibited better tolerance and efficient dust-foraging potential.
Article
Forestry
Muhammad Haroon U. Rashid, Haolan Guo, Shanshan Zheng, Linxin Li, Xiangqing Ma, Taimoor Hassan Farooq, Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz, Narayan Prasad Gautam, Pengfei Wu
Summary: In this study, the differences in morphology and growth patterns, cambial development mechanism, and secondary root growth of two Chinese fir clones under different phosphorous supply levels were investigated. The results showed that clone-061 exhibited greater stem height, root collar diameter, root average diameter, and whole-plant biomass compared to clone-020 under P-replete condition. The increase in root diameter and biomass was attributed to higher cambial activity.
Article
Forestry
Taimoor Hassan Farooq, Xiaoyong Chen, Awais Shakoor, Muhammad Haroon U. Rashid, Uttam Kumar, Majid Alhomrani, Abdulhakeem S. Alamri, Balasubramani Ravindran, Wende Yan
Summary: This study examined the effects of different forest compositions and anthropogenic activities on soil microbial properties and enzymatic activities in sub-tropical forest ecosystems in Southern China. The results showed that forest type and soil depth significantly influenced soil enzymatic activity. Soil microbial carbon and nitrogen were higher in mixed forest and natural broadleaved forest stands. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen had a strong positive relationship with soil microbial carbon.
Article
Plant Sciences
Taimoor Hassan Farooq, Muhammad Adnan Bukhari, Muhammad Shahid Irfan, Muhammad Rafay, Awais Shakoor, Muhammad Haroon U. Rashid, Yang Lin, Muhammad Saqib, Zaffar Malik, Nouman Khurshid
Summary: The study investigates the effects of nicotinic acid (NA) treatments on barley under drought conditions. The results show that foliar treatments with NA have better effects on plant growth and yield than soil treatments. Among the different concentrations tested, the foliar treatment with 2.2159 g/L NA shows the most promising results. This study contributes to enhancing the drought tolerance potential of barley through exogenous NA supply.
Article
Plant Sciences
Muhammad Asad, Rashad Rasool Khan, Ahmed B. Aljuboory, Muhammad Haroon U. Rashid, Uttam Kumar, Inzamam Ul Haq, Aqsa Hafeez, Ahmed Noureldeen, Khadiga Alharbi
Summary: The beet armyworm is a highly destructive pest of vegetables and field crops. It has developed resistance to synthetic pesticides, leading to the need for alternative, environmentally friendly pest management tactics. This study evaluated the effects of pesticidal plant extracts on the beet armyworm and found that three plant species showed promising control results.
PHYTON-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Taimoor Hassan Farooq, Sumaira Yasmeen, Awais Shakoor, Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz, Muhammad Haroon U. Rashid, Sarir Ahmad, Majeeda Rasheed, He Li, Qian Li
Summary: This study used dendro-anatomical approach to assess the anatomical characteristics and their relation to climate variability in two coniferous tree species, Larix gmelinii and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. Results showed strong correlations between summer temperature and all chronologies, with species in the Meddagha region exhibiting inverse correlations in different growing seasons. The correlation coefficients with temperature varied significantly in the months of May to September at Mangui, Wuerqihan, and Alihe sites. These results suggest that changes in climatic conditions positively affect hydraulic efficiency and latewood width in P. sylvestris, while L. gmelinii shows a contrasting response to warm temperatures.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Melina Panta, Bijaya Dhami, Bikram Shrestha, Nishan Kc, Nirjala Raut, Yajna Prasad Timilsina, Bir Bahadur Khanal Chhetri, Sujan Khanal, Hari Adhikari, Sona Varachova, Pavel Kindlmann
Summary: The Chinese pangolin in Nepal faces threats to its survival due to habitat degradation and human activities, but lack of information hinders evidence-based conservation. Research conducted in Gorkha District revealed that pangolins prefer forest habitats at altitudes of 650-800m with moderate canopy cover, red soil, and gentle terrain. Increasing public awareness is crucial for the survival of pangolins.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz, Irfan Ahmad, Muhammad Haroon U. Rashid, Taimoor Hassan Farooq, Muhammad Kashif, Sadaf Gul, Qian Li
Summary: Soil compaction is a global problem that affects soil worldwide. The use of heavy machinery in intensive cultivation and mechanization of farmlands and plantations leads to soil compaction, which has significant effects on the growth and development of agro-forest trees. This study analyzed the impact of compacted soil on four major tree species in central Punjab, Pakistan, and found that the root and shoot length, biomass, germination, and physiological traits of the trees were significantly affected by soil compaction. The findings highlight the importance of judicious machinery use for sustainable wood production.
Article
Development Studies
Prabin Bhusal, Kavi Raj Awasthi, Matthew Low, Naresh Shrestha, Asmit Neupane, Naya Sharma Paudel, Bir Bahadur Khanal Chhetri, Rajan Parajuli
Summary: This study explores the context and factors influencing the adoption of agroforestry practices in the Terai region of southern Nepal. The results show that agroforestry practices can help mitigate conflicts between communities and their adoption is influenced by socio-demographic and economic factors. Strong cooperation between agroforestry initiatives and local institutions is critical for widespread adoption of agroforestry practices in similar conflict regions.
SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Irfan Ahmad, Benish Jabeen, Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz, Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Haroon U. Rashid, Mudassar Hussain, Taimoor Hassan Farooq, Salman Ahmed, Muhammad Rafiq
Summary: This study evaluated the growth performance of four bamboo species under salinity stress and found that increasing salinity levels resulted in a decline in morphological parameters and biomass production, along with an increase in Na+ concentration and a decrease in K+ concentration. D. giganteus showed the highest salt tolerance and is suitable for land reclamation.
FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Forestry
A. Q. Nyrud, K. M. A. Heltorp, Anders Roos, Francisco X. Aguilar, Katja Lahtinen, Noora Viholainen, Sami Berghall, Anne Toppinen, B. J. Thorsen, Matleena Kniivila, Antti Haapala, Elias Hurmekoski, T. Hujala, H. F. Hoen
Summary: This study investigated public attitudes towards multi-storey wood buildings in seven European countries and found that the level of knowledge about wood buildings was lower in countries where brick, stone, and concrete were commonly used in construction, such as the United Kingdom, Germany, and Denmark. Finland and Sweden had the most positive attitudes towards wood buildings. The study also identified factors such as fire vulnerability, material solidity, indoor environment, and moisture vulnerability that influenced people's perception of wood buildings as a nice place to live.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH
(2024)