Machine Learning in Spine Surgery: A Narrative Review

Ethics and governance of trustworthy medical artificial intelligence

(2023) Jie Zhang et al.   BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making

A decision tree analysis to predict clinical outcome of minimally invasive lumbar decompression surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis with and without coexisting spondylolisthesis and scoliosis.

(2023) Hiromitsu Toyoda et al.   Spine Journal

External validation of the SORG machine learning algorithms for predicting 90-day and 1-year survival of patients with lung cancer-derived spine metastases——a recent bi-center cohort from China

(2023) Guoqing Zhong et al.   Spine Journal

Risk stratification of patients undergoing outpatient lumbar decompression surgery

(2023) Jose A. Canseco et al.   Spine Journal

A Machine Learning-Based Online Prediction Tool for Predicting Short-Term Postoperative Outcomes Following Spinal Tumor Resections

(2023) Mert Karabacak et al.   Cancers

Development and validation of a diagnostic model for differentiating tuberculous spondylitis from brucellar spondylitis using machine learning: A retrospective cohort study

(2023) Parhat Yasin et al.   Frontiers in Surgery

Use of machine learning to model surgical decision-making in lumbar spine surgery

(2022) Nathan Xie et al.   EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL

Machine Learning Applications of Surgical Imaging for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Spine Disorders: Current State of the Art

(2022) Paramesh Karandikar et al.   NEUROSURGERY

Feasibility and Accuracy of Thoracolumbar Pedicle Screw Placement Using an Augmented Reality Head Mounted Device

(2022) Henrik Frisk et al.   SENSORS

Augmented Reality Spine Surgery Navigation

(2022) Brent Felix et al.   SPINE

A deep learning framework for vertebral morphometry and Cobb angle measurement with external validation

(2022) Danis Alukaev et al.   EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL

Natural language processing for automated surveillance of intraoperative neuromonitoring in spine surgery

(2022) Nicole D. Agaronnik et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE

Automated prediction of the Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score from CT using a novel deep learning algorithm

(2022) Sophia A. Doerr et al.   Neurosurgical Focus

A machine learning algorithm for predicting prolonged postoperative opioid prescription after lumbar disc herniation surgery. An external validation study using 1,316 patients from a Taiwanese cohort

(2022) Hung-Kuan Yen et al.   Spine Journal

Robust Prediction of Non-home Discharge After Thoracolumbar Spine Surgery with Ensemble Machine Learning and Validation on a Nationwide Cohort

(2022) Aly A. Valliani et al.   World Neurosurgery

Using Preoperative and Intraoperative Factors to Predict the Risk of Surgical Site Infections After Lumbar Spinal Surgery: A Machine Learning–Based Study

(2022) Wen-Cai Liu et al.   World Neurosurgery

Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Spinal Tuberculosis From CT Images Based on Deep Learning With Multimodal Feature Fusion

(2022) Zhaotong Li et al.   Frontiers in Microbiology

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Prediction Modeling and Decision Making in Spine Surgery Using Hybrid Machine Learning Models

(2022) Babak Saravi et al.   Journal of Personalized Medicine

External validation of the deep learning system “SpineNet” for grading radiological features of degeneration on MRIs of the lumbar spine

(2022) Alexandra Grob et al.   EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL

Pragmatic Prediction of Excessive Length of Stay After Cervical Spine Surgery With Machine Learning and Validation on a National Scale

(2022) Aly A. Valliani et al.   NEUROSURGERY

Validation of Adult Spinal Deformity Surgical Outcome Prediction Tools in Adult Symptomatic Lumbar Scoliosis

(2022) James P. Wondra et al.   SPINE

Stereotactic co-axial projection imaging for augmented reality neuronavigation: a proof-of-concept study

(2022) Bingxuan Wu et al.   Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery

AI Prediction of Neuropathic Pain after Lumbar Disc Herniation—Machine Learning Reveals Influencing Factors

(2022) André Wirries et al.   Biomedicines

The application of artificial intelligence in spine surgery

(2022) Shuai Zhou et al.   Frontiers in Surgery

Predicting 30-Day Perioperative Outcomes in Adult Spinal Deformity Patients With Baseline Paralysis or Functional Dependence

(2022) Haddy Alas et al.   International Journal of Spine Surgery

Utilizing machine learning for opportunistic screening for low BMD using CT scans of the cervical spine

(2022) Ronnie Sebro et al.   JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY

Artificial intelligence and treatment algorithms in spine surgery

(2022) Yann Philippe Charles et al.   Orthopaedics & Traumatology-Surgery & Research

Augmented reality in minimally invasive spine surgery: early efficiency and complications of percutaneous pedicle screw instrumentation

(2022) Alexander J. Butler et al.   Spine Journal

Fostering reproducibility and generalizability in machine learning for clinical prediction modeling in spine surgery

(2022) Hung-Kuan Yen et al.   Spine Journal

Robotic and Navigated Pedicle Screws are Safer and More Accurate than Fluoroscopic Freehand Screws: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

(2022) Abhijith V. Matur et al.   Spine Journal

Feasibility of Machine Learning in the Prediction of Short-Term Outcomes Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion

(2022) Anirudh K. Gowd et al.   World Neurosurgery

Artificial Intelligence in Spinal Imaging: Current Status and Future Directions

(2022) Yangyang Cui et al.   International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Detection of Lumbar Spondylolisthesis from X-ray Images Using Deep Learning Network

(2022) Giam Minh Trinh et al.   Journal of Clinical Medicine

Augmented Reality in Spine Surgery: Current State of the Art

(2022) Augustus J. Rush et al.   International Journal of Spine Surgery

Development and internal validation of predictive models to assess risk of post-acute care facility discharge in adults undergoing multi-level instrumented fusions for lumbar degenerative pathology and spinal deformity

(2022) Ayush Arora et al.   Spine Deformity

Robot-assisted versus navigation-assisted screw placement in spinal vertebrae

(2022) Tong Yu et al.   INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS

Use of random forest machine learning algorithm to predict short term outcomes following posterior cervical decompression with instrumented fusion

(2022) Andrew Cabrera et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE

Roboterassistierte Implantation von Pedikelschrauben

(2022) Maximilian Schwendner et al.   Operative Orthopadie und Traumatologie

Predictive Models for Length of Stay and Discharge Disposition in Elective Spine Surgery: Development, Validation, and Comparison to the ACS NSQIP Risk Calculator

(2022) Ayush Arora et al.   SPINE

Detection of Imperceptible Intervertebral Disc Fissures in Conventional MRI—An AI Strategy for Improved Diagnostics

(2022) Christian Waldenberg et al.   Journal of Clinical Medicine

The Challenges of Machine Learning and Their Economic Implications

(2021) Pol Borrellas et al.   Entropy

Using artificial intelligence to diagnose fresh osteoporotic vertebral fractures on magnetic resonance images

(2021) Akito Yabu et al.   Spine Journal

Machine Vision Navigation in Spine Surgery

(2021) Iain H. Kalfas   Frontiers in Surgery

Augmented and virtual reality in spine surgery, current applications and future potentials

(2021) Hamid Ghaednia et al.   Spine Journal

Predicting Readmission After Anterior, Posterior, and Posterior Interbody Lumbar Spinal Fusion: A Neural Network Machine Learning Approach

(2021) Eren O. Kuris et al.   World Neurosurgery

Augmented reality-navigated pedicle screw placement: a cadaveric pilot study

(2021) José Miguel Spirig et al.   EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL

Real-time navigation guidance with intraoperative CT imaging for pedicle screw placement using an augmented reality head-mounted display: a proof-of-concept study

(2021) Daniel S. Yanni et al.   Neurosurgical Focus

Prediction of Major Complications and Readmission After Lumbar Spinal Fusion: A Machine Learning–Driven Approach

(2021) Akash A. Shah et al.   World Neurosurgery

Machine Learning Prediction of Length of Stay in Adult Spinal Deformity Patients Undergoing Posterior Spine Fusion Surgery

(2021) Andrew S Zhang et al.   Journal of Clinical Medicine

The Impact of Machine Learning on 2D/3D Registration for Image-Guided Interventions: A Systematic Review and Perspective

(2021) Mathias Unberath et al.   Frontiers in Robotics and AI

Radiomics and stacking regression model for measuring bone mineral density using abdominal computed tomography

(2021) Hong Dai et al.   ACTA RADIOLOGICA

Supervised Machine Learning for Predicting Length of Stay After Lumbar Arthrodesis: A Comprehensive Artificial Intelligence Approach

(2021) Christine M. Etzel et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS

Prediction of Worse Functional Status After Surgery for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: A Machine Learning Approach

(2021) Omar Khan et al.   NEUROSURGERY

Current Applications of Machine Learning in Spine: From Clinical View

(2021) GuanRui Ren et al.   Global Spine Journal

Novel prognostication of patients with spinal and pelvic chondrosarcoma using deep survival neural networks

(2020) Sung Mo Ryu et al.   BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making

An Introduction to Machine Learning

(2020) Solveig Badillo et al.   CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS

Machine vision augmented reality for pedicle screw insertion during spine surgery

(2020) Nhu Q. Nguyen et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE

Predicting prolonged opioid prescriptions in opioid-naïve lumbar spine surgery patients

(2020) Aditya V. Karhade et al.   Spine Journal

Can natural language processing provide accurate, automated reporting of wound infection requiring reoperation after lumbar discectomy?

(2020) Aditya V. Karhade et al.   Spine Journal

Machine learning algorithms for prediction of health-related quality-of-life after surgery for mild degenerative cervical myelopathy

(2020) Omar Khan et al.   Spine Journal

Using artificial intelligence (AI) to predict postoperative surgical site infection: A retrospective cohort of 4046 posterior spinal fusions

(2020) Benjamin S. Hopkins et al.   CLINICAL NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY

Machine Learning With Feature Domains Elucidates Candidate Drivers of Hospital Readmission Following Spine Surgery in a Large Single-Center Patient Cohort

(2020) Michael L Martini et al.   NEUROSURGERY

Machine Learning for Predictive Modeling of 90-Day Readmission, Major Medical Complication, and Discharge to a Facility in Patients Undergoing Long Segment Posterior Lumbar Spine Fusion

(2020) Deeptee Jain et al.   SPINE

Does the SORG algorithm generalize to a contemporary cohort of patients with spinal metastases on external validation?

(2020) Michiel E.R. Bongers et al.   Spine Journal

Feasibility and accuracy of a robotic guidance system for navigated spine surgery in a hybrid operating room: a cadaver study

(2020) Gustav Burström et al.   Scientific Reports

Development and Validation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Adverse Events After Surgery for Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis

(2020) Nida Fatima et al.   World Neurosurgery

Assessment and prediction of spine surgery invasiveness with machine learning techniques

(2020) Andrea Campagner et al.   COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

Toward automatic C-arm positioning for standard projections in orthopedic surgery

(2020) Lisa Kausch et al.   International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery

HoloYolo: A proof‐of‐concept study for marker‐less surgical navigation of spinal rod implants with augmented reality and on‐device machine learning

(2020) Marco von Atzigen et al.   International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery

Predictive Model for Selection of Upper Treated Vertebra Using a Machine Learning Approach

(2020) Renaud Lafage et al.   World Neurosurgery

Comparison of Proximal Junctional Failure and Functional Outcomes Across Varying Definitions of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis

(2020) Andy Ton et al.   World Neurosurgery

Prediction of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis After Posterior Scoliosis Surgery With Machine Learning in the Lenke 5 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patient

(2020) Li Peng et al.   Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Can Machine Learning Accurately Predict Postoperative Compensation for the Uninstrumented Thoracic Spine and Pelvis After Fusion From the Lower Thoracic Spine to the Sacrum?

(2020) Nathan J. Lee et al.   Global Spine Journal

The Role of Machine Learning in Spine Surgery: The Future Is Now

(2020) Michael Chang et al.   Frontiers in Surgery

Drivers of Prolonged Hospitalization Following Spine Surgery

(2020) Michael L. Martini et al.   JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME

Using Predictive Modeling and Machine Learning to Identify Patients Appropriate for Outpatient ACDF

(2020) Kevin Y. Wang et al.   SPINE

Applied Machine Learning for Spine Surgeons: Predicting Outcome for Patients Undergoing Treatment for Lumbar Disc Herniation Using PRO Data

(2020) Casper Friis Pedersen et al.   Global Spine Journal

A cadaveric precision and accuracy analysis of augmented reality–mediated percutaneous pedicle implant insertion

(2020) Camilo A. Molina et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY-SPINE

Predicting Postoperative Mortality After Metastatic Intraspinal Neoplasm Excision: Development of a Machine-Learning Approach

(2020) Kevin J. DiSilvestro et al.   World Neurosurgery

Artificial intelligence, bias and clinical safety

(2019) Robert Challen et al.   BMJ Quality & Safety

Optical Topographic Imaging for Spinal Intraoperative 3-Dimensional Navigation in the Cervical Spine

(2019) Daipayan Guha et al.   Clinical Spine Surgery

Optical Topographic Imaging for Spinal Intraoperative Three-Dimensional Navigation in Mini-Open Approaches: A Prospective Cohort Study of Initial Preclinical and Clinical Feasibility

(2019) Daipayan Guha et al.   World Neurosurgery

Augmented and Virtual Reality Instrument Tracking for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery

(2019) Gustav Burström et al.   SPINE

Machine learning modeling for predicting hospital readmission following lumbar laminectomy

(2019) Saisanjana Kalagara et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY-SPINE

Development of a machine learning algorithm predicting discharge placement after surgery for spondylolisthesis

(2019) Paul T. Ogink et al.   EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL

Predicting discharge placement after elective surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis using machine learning methods

(2019) Paul T. Ogink et al.   EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL

Machine learning for automated 3-dimensional segmentation of the spine and suggested placement of pedicle screws based on intraoperative cone-beam computer tomography

(2019) Gustav Burström et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY-SPINE

Augmented reality–assisted pedicle screw insertion: a cadaveric proof-of-concept study

(2019) Camilo A. Molina et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY-SPINE

Prognosis of cervical myelopathy based on diffusion tensor imaging with artificial intelligence methods

(2019) Richu Jin et al.   NMR IN BIOMEDICINE

Augmented reality and artificial intelligence-based navigation during percutaneous vertebroplasty: a pilot randomised clinical trial

(2019) Pierre Auloge et al.   EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL

Predicting nonroutine discharge after elective spine surgery: external validation of machine learning algorithms

(2019) Brittany M. Stopa et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY-SPINE

Can machine learning algorithms accurately predict discharge to nonhome facility and early unplanned readmissions following spinal fusion? Analysis of a national surgical registry

(2019) Anshit Goyal et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY-SPINE

Using a machine learning approach to predict outcome after surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy

(2019) Zamir G. Merali et al.   PLoS One

A machine learning approach for predictive models of adverse events following spine surgery

(2019) Summer S. Han et al.   Spine Journal

Preoperative Behavioral Health, Opioid, and Antidepressant Utilization and Two-Year Costs After Spinal Fusion—Revelations from Cluster Analysis

(2019) Jason Lerner et al.   SPINE

Development of an unsupervised machine learning algorithm for the prognostication of walking ability in spinal cord injury patients.

(2019) Zachary DeVries et al.   Spine Journal

External Validation of the SORG 90-day and One-Year Machine Learning Algorithms for Survival in Spinal Metastatic Disease

(2019) Aditya V. Karhade et al.   Spine Journal

A Novel Augmented-Reality-Based Surgical Navigation System for Spine Surgery in a Hybrid Operating Room: Design, Workflow, and Clinical Applications

(2019) Erik Edström et al.   Operative Neurosurgery

Can a machine learning model accurately predict patient resource utilization following lumbar spinal fusion?

(2019) Jaret M. Karnuta et al.   Spine Journal

Augmented reality navigation for spinal pedicle screw instrumentation using intraoperative 3D imaging

(2019) Fabio Müller et al.   Spine Journal

Accuracy of augmented reality surgical navigation for minimally invasive pedicle screw insertion in the thoracic and lumbar spine with a new tracking device

(2019) Simon Peh et al.   Spine Journal

Image guided percutaneous spine procedures using an optical see-through head mounted display: proof of concept and rationale

(2018) Gerard Deib et al.   Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery

Automated comprehensive Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis assessment using MVC-Net

(2018) Hongbo Wu et al.   MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

Implementing Machine Learning in Health Care — Addressing Ethical Challenges

(2018) Danton S. Char et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Predictive Modeling for Blood Transfusion Following Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery

(2018) Wesley M. Durand et al.   SPINE

Examining the Ability of Artificial Neural Networks Machine Learning Models to Accurately Predict Complications Following Posterior Lumbar Spine Fusion

(2018) Jun S. Kim et al.   SPINE

Feasibility and Accuracy of Thoracolumbar Minimally Invasive Pedicle Screw Placement With Augmented Reality Navigation Technology

(2018) Adrian Elmi-Terander et al.   SPINE

Head-mounted display augmented reality to guide pedicle screw placement utilizing computed tomography

(2018) Jacob T. Gibby et al.   International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery

External validation of a prediction model for surgical site infection after thoracolumbar spine surgery in a Western European cohort

(2018) Daniël M. C. Janssen et al.   Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

Artificial Intelligence Applied to Osteoporosis: A Performance Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms in Predicting Fragility Fractures From MRI Data

(2018) Uran Ferizi et al.   JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

OUP accepted manuscript

(2018)   NEUROSURGERY

Pedicle Screw Placement Using Augmented Reality Surgical Navigation with Intraoperative 3D Imaging

(2018) Adrian Elmi Terander et al.   SPINE

Development of machine learning algorithms for prediction of discharge disposition after elective inpatient surgery for lumbar degenerative disc disorders

(2018) Aditya V. Karhade et al.   Neurosurgical Focus

Deep learning-based preoperative predictive analytics for patient-reported outcomes following lumbar diskectomy: feasibility of center-specific modeling

(2018) Victor E. Staartjes et al.   Spine Journal

New Predictive Index for Survival in Symptomatic Spinal Metastases

(2018) Daniel Wei et al.   World Neurosurgery

Machine learning in medicine: Addressing ethical challenges

(2018) Effy Vayena et al.   PLOS MEDICINE

Real-time ultrasound image classification for spine anesthesia using local directional Hadamard features

(2015) Mehran Pesteie et al.   International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery

VolHOG: A volumetric object recognition approach based on bivariate histograms of oriented gradients for vertebra detection in cervical spine MRI

(2014) Stefan Daenzer et al.   MEDICAL PHYSICS