Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sofia-Iris Bibli, Ingrid Fleming
Summary: This article discusses the impact of changes in oxidative balance on cellular physiology and adaptation, with a focus on the sensitivity of endothelial cells to reactive oxygen species and the role of oxidative modifications in regulating protein function. Persulfidation, a newly identified reversible oxidation modification, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mackenzie Moore, Nandini Avula, Seokwon Jo, Megan Beetch, Emilyn U. Alejandro
Summary: The study found that offspring with a partial reduction in placental OGT showed reduced weight gain and improved insulin tolerance under a high-fat diet challenge, possibly due to increased hepatic insulin signaling.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Chunhua Yang, Mengna Wei, Yanpu Zhao, Zhanyi Yang, Mengyao Song, Jia Mi, Xiaoyong Yang, Geng Tian
Summary: Post-translational modifications (PTMs) in pancreatic beta cells play crucial roles in insulin secretion and have significant implications for diabetes mellitus development. This article summarizes the major PTMs occurring in beta cells and their impact on insulin secretion, providing valuable insights into the understanding of insulin secretion mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for diabetes from the perspective of protein PTMs.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natsuki Osaka, Yoshihisa Hirota, Doshun Ito, Yoshiki Ikeda, Ryo Kamata, Yuki Fujii, Venkat R. Chirasani, Sharon L. Campbell, Koh Takeuchi, Toshiya Senda, Atsuo T. Sasaki
Summary: The article provides an overview of post-translational modifications in the RAS G4 and G5 motifs, highlighting their role in RAS activation and potential applications in cancer therapy.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xia-Ping Fu, Yizhi Yuan, Ajay Jha, Nikita Levin, Jack Ren, Dimitrios Mamalis, Shabaz Mohammed, Benjamin G. Davis, Andrew M. Giltrap
Summary: Chemical post-translational methods allow editing of proteins without genetic intervention. A light-mediated desulfurative method can generate site-selectively edited proteins with full retention of native stereochemistry from a natural amino acid precursor. This methodology has great potential in exploring protein side-chain diversity and function and constructing useful bioconjugates.
ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lingyan Wang, Guofang Li, Ziyu Zhou, Chang Ge, Qiushi Chen, Yajie Liu, Nana Zhang, Keren Zhang, Mingshan Niu, Wenli Li, Xiaomin Zhong, Sijin Wu, Jianing Zhang, Yubo Liu
Summary: The regulation of O-GlcNAcylation plays a crucial role in cellular processes, and dysregulation of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our study demonstrates that elevated OGT levels lead to increased HCC proliferation and metastasis by influencing the transcriptional regulation of malignancy-associated genes. We also identify the cooperation between ZNF263 and OGT as a crucial factor in activating downstream transcription in HCC cells.
Review
Cell Biology
Mingyue Zheng, Guoxiang Jin, Zhongjun Zhou
Summary: Lamins, ancient intermediate filament proteins, are functionally regulated by post-translational modifications, contributing to various biological functions. Deregulation of lamins is associated with abnormal nuclear morphology and chromatin disorganization, leading to diseases. Understanding these modifications provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying diseases and potential therapeutic strategies.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Dimitrios Tsikas
Summary: Lysine residues in proteins undergo various chemical modifications, including carbonylation by glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO). Malondialdehyde (MDA) is another carbonyl species formed enzymatically and nonenzymatically. These carbonyl species can occur in free forms or be adducted to proteins, particularly lysine residues. MDA is commonly used as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, with plasma and serum being the most frequently analyzed samples. However, preanalytical factors, such as artificial MDA formation in lipid-rich samples, can greatly affect MDA concentrations.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dan Wu, Tao Liu
Summary: Understanding post-translational modifications is crucial for manipulating physiological processes in eukaryotes. Genetic code expansion technology has been used to investigate the roles of these modifications, and can be combined with synthetic biology to create genetically modified organisms. This article discusses the applications, limitations, and future perspectives of genetic code expansion technology for studying post-translational modifications, as well as the implications for genetically modified organisms.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sharon L. Campbell, Mark R. Philips
Summary: Mutations in RAS genes are the most common driving force behind cancer development. RAS proteins, acting as binary molecular switches, control cellular growth through a complex signaling pathway. In addition to nucleotide-binding properties, RAS proteins are also regulated by numerous post-translational modifications, which are currently a high priority for drug discovery research in the field of RAS biology.
CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christopher M. Massa, Ziping Liu, Sheryse Taylor, Ashley P. Pettit, Marena N. Stakheyeva, Elena Korotkova, Valentina Popova, Elena N. Atochina-Vasserman, Andrew J. Gow
Summary: The modification of protein cysteine residues by nitric oxide is important for various biological functions. The formation of stable nitrosothiols under biologically relevant conditions is discussed in this review, with a focus on the factors influencing the selective nature of this modification. The review also explores the reaction mechanisms and the impact of sources of NO and the chemical nature of potential reaction targets.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Katsutaro Morino, Hiroshi Maegawa
Summary: Recent studies highlight the crucial role of O-GlcNAcylation in metabolic regulation of various organs, sensing changes in metabolic flux and modifying cellular metabolism for adaptation. Not only glucose, but also amino acids and fatty acids have been shown to induce O-GlcNAcylation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cellular homeostasis maintenance through O-GlcNAcylation may offer new targets for diabetes treatment and prevention.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Qibin Wu, Zhenxiang Li, Jingtao Yang, Fu Xu, Xueqin Fu, Liping Xu, Chuihuai You, Dongjiao Wang, Yachun Su, Youxiong Que
Summary: This study reports the first comprehensive analysis of protein lysine acetylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, and lysine lactylation in sugarcane. These post-translational modifications were found to be involved in energy metabolism and stress response. The results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of protein PTMs in sugarcane.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Edgar Molle, Hatice Mutlu, Patrick Theato
Summary: A straightforward synthesis of a novel class of polymers, poly(N-(4-vinylphenyl)sulfonamide)s, and their monomers is reported. The monomers with varying electron densities, polymerized by free radical polymerization, exhibit low molar masses and low dispersities. Furthermore, post-polymerization modification of the obtained polymers via aza-Michael addition with electron-deficient alkenes is demonstrated, paving the way towards the facile synthesis of novel polymeric protected beta-amino acid derivatives.
MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Ana Gonzalez-Garcia, Antonio Garrido, Ana C. Carrera
Summary: Genetic alterations in the PI3-kinase/PTEN pathway are common in cancer cells. Current efforts to treat PTEN-dependent tumors mainly focus on PI3-kinase inhibition, but modulating PTEN post-translational modifications could provide alternative therapeutic strategies.