Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sepideh Fallahi, Lukasz Bobak, Sebastian Opalinski
Summary: Plant feed additives, including hemp and its compounds, have shown desirable effects in improving animal health and welfare. Among them, cannabidiol has been found to effectively relieve pain and reduce inflammation in animals, making it a potential option for improving animal welfare, particularly in poultry production. Despite legal restrictions in some countries due to the presence of psychoactive THC, many countries have legalized hemp in recent years. Cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive compound, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, analgesic, and anti-depressant effects. This review explores the various aspects of cannabidiol use and its potential benefits in animals and humans.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Malgorzata Zimniewska, Mariola Pawlaczyk, Barbara Romanowska, Agnieszka Gryszczynska, Edyta Kwiatkowska, Patrycja Przybylska
Summary: The study aimed to develop biologically active functional clothing made of pure industrial hemp raw materials, where cannabidiol (CBD) extract applied on the fabric surface strengthened the fiber bioactivity. Human trials showed that wearing the developed functional hemp clothing with CBD extracts applied on the fabric surface was safe and caused improvement of skin condition.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Sarah Klatzkow, Garrett Davis, Justin Shmalberg, Aitor Gallastegui, Erin Miscioscia, Jason Tarricone, Lindsay Elam, Matthew D. Johnson, Katelyn M. Leonard, Joseph J. Wakshlag
Summary: This study aimed to assess the effect of a CBD/CBDA rich hemp product on acute post-operative pain and bone healing in dogs. The results showed no significant difference in pain levels, lameness, weight-bearing, and bone healing between the CBD/CBDA and placebo groups after a 4-week treatment. However, the treatment group exhibited elevated alkaline phosphatase levels, decreased eosinophil count, and reduced use of trazodone.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Nada Hammami, Jean-Pierre Prive, Gaetan Moreau
Summary: The study examines the impact of climate change on hemp production in terms of grain yield, fiber yield, and floral cannabidiol content. The results show that the performance of hemp cultivars varies greatly between years and is influenced by the spatial location of plants in the field. Grain yield is highest in hot and humid summers, while fiber production is highest in cold and humid summers. The study concludes that hemp performance is more sensitive to interannual and intra-field variability than to cultivar effects, although some cultivars consistently demonstrate excellent adaptation to local field conditions.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Joseph R. Vilches, Mackenzie B. Taylor, Francesca M. Filbey
Summary: The study found that co-use of CBD and marijuana is common, with differences in CBD administration and duration of use between CBD+MJ users and those using only CBD. Multiple correspondence analysis revealed that CBD+MJ users are typically female, have lower educational attainment, use CBD for medical reasons, and exhibit differences in smoking-related behaviors.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Christopher J. Grassa, George D. Weiblen, Jonathan P. Wenger, Clemon Dabney, Shane G. Poplawski, S. Timothy Motley, Todd P. Michael, C. J. Schwartz
Summary: The study found that CBD-type cannabis primarily expresses cannabidiolic acid synthase (CBDAS), while cannabis strains with a balanced THC:CBD ratio express both CBDAS and THCAS. Cannabinoid synthase genes are arranged in tandem structure and embedded within long terminal repeat retrotransposons on chromosome 7.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gabor Viczjan, Anna Szilagyi, Barbara Takacs, Ignac Ovari, Reka Szekeres, Vera Tarjanyi, Tamas Erdei, Vanda Teleki, Judit Zsuga, Zoltan Szilvassy, Bela Juhasz, Balazs Varga, Rudolf Gesztelyi
Summary: CBD has been shown to have effects on the adenosinergic system in obese type Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats, potentially enhancing adenosinergic protection through inhibition of adenosine transport.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pawel Sledzinski, Agnieszka Nowak-Terpilowska, Piotr Rzymski, Ryszard Slomski, Joanna Zeyland
Summary: Plant cannabinoids, such as CBD, have the potential to mimic endocannabinoids and exhibit anti-cancer activities. This study found that CBD-rich extracts and purified CBD reduced the viability of breast cancer and prostate cancer cells, while having no effect on non-malignant cells. Additionally, the study observed changes in gene expression related to apoptosis and cell cycle control. These findings suggest that CBD could be a promising agent for further preclinical and clinical testing.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Bohuslava Tremlova, Hana Koudelkova Mikulaskova, Klaudia Hajduchova, Simona Jancikova, Dominika Kaczorova, Sanja Cavar Zeljkovic, Dani Dordevic
Summary: The study investigated the impact of different growth stages of hemp plants on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity, revealing significant differences in samples between stages. Pre-flowering is optimal for harvesting hemp for high polyphenolic content, while flowering stage is ideal for harvesting for high cannabinoid and terpenoid levels.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Sophie Bradley, Scott Young, Anne Marie Bakke, Lucy Holcombe, Daniel Waller, Alysia Hunt, Kathleen Pinfold, Phillip Watson, Darren W. Logan
Summary: This study aimed to assess the suitability and tolerance of long-term oral exposure to a broad-spectrum CBD distillate in clinically healthy dogs. The results showed that a once-daily oral dose of 4 mg CBD/kg BW was well tolerated in dogs for a duration of 6 months.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Siyu Yao, Christopher Ball, Gonzalo Miyagusuku-Cruzado, M. Monica Giusti, Didem P. Aykas, Luis E. Rodriguez-Saona
Summary: A novel approach using FT-NIR was developed for rapid detection and quantification of predominant cannabinoids in hemp, with excellent correlation and low standard error of prediction. This method can be used as an alternative for in-situ assessment of hemp quality.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sandhyarani Analakkattillam, Victor K. Langsi, John P. Hanrahan, Eric Moore
Summary: A simple and validated RP-HPLC method has been developed for determining the levels of cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol in hemp oil infused products. The method meets regulatory requirements and can be used for regular quality control and assay purposes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Gabriel A. A. Garcia, Stephanie Kube, Sheila Carrera-Justiz, David Tittle, Joseph J. J. Wakshlag
Summary: The use of CBD/CBDA-rich hemp extract can effectively reduce the frequency of epileptic seizures in dogs and significantly improve the reduction of seizure activity. This treatment has no significant adverse effects on blood tests and drug concentrations, and has minimal side effects.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Obed Quaicoe, Fafanyo Asiseh, Omoanghe S. Isikhuemhen
Summary: Despite its potential economic benefits and opportunities, the North Carolina hemp industry has not achieved the projected success. The floral hemp sector, in particular, has been struggling due to overproduction and decreasing prices.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Margitta Dziwenka, Robert Coppock, Michael H. Davidson, Marc A. Weder
Summary: HempChoice & REG; Hemp Oil Extract is a non-mutagenic extract of hemp primarily composed of 55-75% CBD, 1-15% other phytocannabinoids, and 1-15% terpenes. Safety studies showed it was well tolerated at dose levels up to 96.03 mg/kg BW/day and did not cause significant adverse effects in various parameters. Hematology and clinical chemistry parameters showed reversible changes within normal range during the recovery period. The NOAEL for HempChoice & REG; Hemp Oil Extract was determined to be 185.90 mg/kg BW/day in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Marc C. Steger, Marina Rigling, Patrik Blumenthal, Valerie Segatz, Andres Quintanilla-Belucci, Julia M. Beisel, Jorg Rieke-Zapp, Steffen Schwarz, Dirk W. Lachenmeier, Yanyan Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the production of coffee leaf tea in El Salvador and the effects of processing steps on non-volatile compounds and volatile aroma-active compounds. The findings can help coffee farmers adjust the processing parameters according to consumer preferences and generate additional income from this by-product.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Eckhardt, Heike Franke, Steffen Schwarz, Dirk W. Lachenmeier
Summary: This article reviews the exposure and risk assessment of various products made from coffee cherry pulp and husk, as well as the use of dried and powdered coffee cherry as a flour substitute in bakery products. The research shows that even adolescents can safely consume coffee cherry products without adverse health effects. Additionally, using coffee cherry by-products as a partial flour substitute can help mitigate issues such as rising grain prices and disrupted supply chains.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Sabine Guth, Matthias Baum, Alexander T. Cartus, Patrick Diel, Karl-Heinz Engel, Barbara Engeli, Bernd Epe, Tilman Grune, Dirk Haller, Volker Heinz, Michael Hellwig, Jan G. Hengstler, Thomas Henle, Hans-Ulrich Humpf, Henry Jaeger, Hans-Georg Joost, Sabine E. Kulling, Dirk W. Lachenmeier, Alfonso Lampen, Marcel Leist, Angela Mally, Doris Marko, Ute Noethlings, Elke Roehrdanz, Angelika Roth, Joachim Spranger, Richard Stadler, Pablo Steinberg, Stefan Vieths, Wim Waetjen, Gerhard Eisenbrand
Summary: This opinion from the SKLM presents arguments for an updated risk assessment of acrylamide (AA) exposure in diet, based on a critical review of relevant scientific evidence. The SKLM concludes that as long as exposure limits for AA are not exceeded, genotoxic effects leading to carcinogenicity are unlikely to occur. Considering the totality of evidence, the SKLM deems it scientifically justified to establish a tolerable daily intake (TDI) as a health-based guidance value.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nick Konstantinidis, Heike Franke, Steffen Schwarz, Dirk W. Lachenmeier
Summary: Trigonelline is a bioactive pyridine alkaloid found in high concentrations in coffee and coffee by-products. The use of coffee by-products as food has gained interest due to their economic and nutritional value and environmental benefits. This review aimed to assess the risk of acute and chronic exposure to trigonelline from coffee and coffee by-products on human health. Limited toxicological knowledge and a lack of human data make it difficult to draw conclusions. However, trigonelline ingested as part of coffee and coffee by-products appears to be safe based on their traditional use.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Sydney Schorb, Katharina Gleiss, Roland Wedekind, Eero Suonio, Ann-Kathrin Kull, Marcel Kuntz, Stephan G. Walch, Dirk W. Lachenmeier
Summary: This study analyzes the presence of the artificial sweetener aspartame (E951) in German foods and beverages from 2000 to 2022. Among 53,116 samples, aspartame was detected in 14% and further evaluated in nine major food groups. Aspartame was most commonly found in powdered drink bases, flavored milk drinks, chewing gum, and diet soft drinks. The levels of aspartame detected generally comply with the legal limits set by the European Union.
News Item
Oncology
Elio Riboli, Frederick A. Beland, Dirk W. Lachenmeier, M. Matilde Marques, David H. Phillips, Eva Schernhammer, Abdul Afghan, Ricardo Assuncao, Giovanna Caderni, J. Christopher Corton, Gisela de Aragao Umbuzeiro, Daphne de Jong, Melanie Deschasaux- Tanguy, Allison Hodge, Junko Ishihara, Dan D. Levy, Daniele Mandrioli, Marjorie L. Mccullough, Sarah A. Mcnaughton, Takeshi Morita, Anne P. Nugent, Kumiko Ogawa, Arun R. Pandiri, Consolato M. Sergi, Mathilde Touvier, Luoping Zhang, Lamia Benbrahim- Tallaa, Shirisha Chittiboyina, Danila Cuomo, Nathan L. Debono, Charlotte Debras, Aline de Conti, Fatiha El Ghissassi, Emma Fontvieille, Rhea Harewood, John Kaldor, Heidi Mattock, Elisa Pasqual, Gabrielle Rigutto, Hannah Simba, Eero Suonio, Susana Viegas, Roland Wedekind, Mary K. Schubauer-Berigan, Federica Madia
Review
Food Science & Technology
Alexander Cartus, Dirk Lachenmeier, Sabine Guth, Angelika Roth, Matthias Baum, Patrick Diel, Gerhard Eisenbrand, Barbara Engeli, Michael Hellwig, Hans-Ulrich Humpf, Hans-Georg Joost, Sabine Kulling, Alfonso Lampen, Doris Marko, Pablo Steinberg, Wim Waetjen, Jan Hengstler, Angela Mally
Summary: The Senate Commission on Food Safety has found that the use of acetaldehyde as a flavoring substance in foods may pose health risks due to its genotoxic potential. However, there is a lack of sufficient data to determine its genotoxic effects in vivo after oral exposure. Therefore, the commission recommends reassessing the safety of using acetaldehyde as a food flavoring.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sascha Behne, Heike Franke, Steffen Schwarz, Dirk W. Lachenmeier
Summary: Chlorogenic and isochlorogenic acids, found in plants, fruits, vegetables, coffee, and coffee by-products, are natural antioxidant compounds. This review aimed to assess the potential health risks of consuming coffee by-products containing these acids. Literature research revealed the major chlorogenic acids in coffee by-products. Studies on animals and humans indicated no significant toxic effects following acute exposure, suggesting long-term consumption of chlorogenic and isochlorogenic acids from coffee by-products is not a health risk.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Patricia Fels, Dirk W. Lachenmeier, Pascal Hindelang, Stephan G. Walch, Birgit Gutsche
Summary: This literature review focuses on the analysis of organic and inorganic contaminants in tattoo inks prior to the implementation of the REACH regulation in 2022. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and primary aromatic amines (PAAs) were found to be the most common contaminants, with the presence of heavy metals such as lead and chromium(VI) detected in almost all tattoo inks. However, the limited quantitative data on contaminants in tattoo inks and the potential changes in ink composition due to the implementation of REACH pose limitations to the results of this review.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Thomas Kuballa, Katja H. Kaltenbach, Jan Teipel, Dirk W. Lachenmeier
Summary: This review assesses the current state of implementing liquid NMR in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries, highlighting its transformation from a structural elucidation tool to a widely recognized multi-analytical method that incorporates multivariate techniques.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Vera Gottstein, Dirk W. Lachenmeier, Thomas Kuballa, Mirko Bunzel
Summary: A comprehensive study utilizing NMR fingerprinting and multivariate data analysis was conducted on 603 roasted arabica coffee samples. The results showed that the coffee samples could be differentiated based on their geographical origin, but differentiation between organically and conventionally produced coffee samples was not achieved.
Meeting Abstract
Toxicology
C. Kalisch, M. Reiter, M. Krieger, L. Wuest, B. Saenger, R. Dekant, D. W. Lachenmeier, O. Scherf-Clavel, A. Mally
TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pascal Hindelang, Andreas Scharinger, Elke Richling, Stephan G. Walch, Dirk W. Lachenmeier
Summary: This study presents a toxicological risk assessment of CBD and Delta(9)-THC relevant to e-liquids using the benchmark dose (BMD) approach. Due to limited dose-response data, the estimated reference doses (RfD) may have considerable uncertainties. Therefore, further research is recommended.
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Pascal Hindelang, Andreas Scharinger, Patricia Golombek, Miriam Laible, Sandra Tamosaite, Stephan G. Walch, Dirk W. Lachenmeier
Summary: This study aims to validate a recent claim that CBD in commercial e-cigarette liquids can be converted into Delta(9)-THC. The results show that under realistic smoking conditions, such conversion does not occur.
CANNABIS AND CANNABINOID RESEARCH
(2022)
