Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Konstantinos Kritos, Joseph Silk
Summary: Near-extremal primordial black holes stable over cosmological timescales may constitute a significant fraction of dark matter. If clusters of these black holes contain a sufficient number of members to survive up to low redshift, the high energy diffuse background can be dominated by the photons from continued evaporation. In addition, the gravitational wave background induced at the epoch of primordial black hole formation can be detected and used to study light charged primordial black holes in a certain mass range.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Muhammed M. Rasi, Ravi Kumar Pujala, Sathyanarayana Paladugu, Surajit Dhara
Summary: The study shows that charged silica microrods with homeotropic surface anchoring in chiral nematic liquid crystals form a bound state due to competing electrostatic and elastic interactions. External electrical and mechanical forces do not disrupt the robustness of the bound state, and correlated thermal fluctuations in the bound state reveal hydrodynamic interactions of the microrods. These findings uncover unexplored aspects of liquid-crystal dispersions, which are crucial for understanding the assembly and dynamics of nano- and microparticles in chiral nematic liquid crystals.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Gabriele Bozzola, Vasileios Paschalidis
Summary: The study shows that the inspiral is most efficient for detecting black hole charge through gravitational waves, and GW150914 may have a charge-to-mass ratio as high as 0.3. The results of the research are applicable to theories with black holes endowed with electric and magnetic charge as well as U(1) (hidden or dark) charges.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Patrick N. Peplowski, Zachary W. Yokley, Jack T. Wilson, Richard S. Miller
Summary: We observed significant activation of a CeBr3 gamma-ray sensor when exposed to high thermal neutron flux, resulting in a dramatic increase in the intrinsic count rates. The activated detector showed evidence of radioactive decay with different energies and half lives, indicating the presence of multiple radioisotopes. We propose the inclusion of a thermal neutron shield surrounding the sensor to adapt to high thermal neutron environments.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Archit Dani, Mohsen Yeganeh, Charles Maldarelli
Summary: The cluster formation and self-assembly of floating colloids at a fluid/fluid interface involve a delicate force balance among lateral interaction forces, viscous resistance, and thermal fluctuations. The study shows that as the colloid dimensions decrease, thermal forces become important and affect the self-assembly into ordered patterns and crystal structures. Numerical simulations are used to describe the assembly of particles at a liquid-liquid interface, considering capillary attraction, electrostatic repulsion, thermal fluctuations, and hydrodynamic interactions. The results suggest that cluster formation, fractal growth, and particle ordering are more likely to occur at larger values of the Pe numbers.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
D. Nicolo, A. M. Baldini, C. Bemporad, F. Cei, M. Chiappini, M. Francesconi, L. Galli, M. Grassi, T. Iwamoto, F. Morsani, A. Papa, R. Sawada, G. Signorelli
Summary: This study introduces a FPGA-based technique for identifying highly ionizing particles in a liquid xenon detector. The algorithm and firmware implementation are described, showing promising results in terms of efficiency and background suppression for real-time alpha-particle tagging and MEG trigger configuration limits. Future improvements are expected in MEG II to overcome main issues and enhance performance.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Crystallography
Sandeep K. Chaudhuri, Joshua W. Kleppinger, OmerFaruk Karadavut, Ritwik Nag, Krishna C. Mandal
Summary: The application of CZT single crystals as high-resolution, room-temperature gamma-ray detectors in medical imaging and homeland security has been limited by low crystal growth yield. The introduction of CZTS has shown significant improvement in crystal growth yield, electron charge transport properties, and energy resolution over CZT detectors, but hole trapping still poses a limitation in charge transport efficiency. Further studies on defects and their passivation are needed to enhance the performance of CZTS detectors.
Article
Oncology
Marco Toppi, Guido Baroni, Giuseppe Battistoni, Maria Giuseppina Bisogni, Piergiorgio Cerello, Mario Ciocca, Patrizia De Maria, Micol De Simoni, Marco Donetti, Yunsheng Dong, Alessia Embriaco, Veronica Ferrero, Elisa Fiorina, Marta Fischetti, Gaia Franciosini, Aafke Christine Kraan, Carmela Luongo, Etesam Malekzadeh, Marco Magi, Carlo Mancini-Terracciano, Michela Marafini, Ilaria Mattei, Enrico Mazzoni, Riccardo Mirabelli, Alfredo Mirandola, Matteo Morrocchi, Silvia Muraro, Vincenzo Patera, Francesco Pennazio, Angelo Schiavi, Adalberto Sciubba, Elena Solfaroli-Camillocci, Giancarlo Sportelli, Sara Tampellini, Giacomo Traini, Serena Marta Valle, Barbara Vischioni, Viviana Vitolo, Alessio Sarti
Summary: Carbon ion radiotherapy, which utilizes C-12 ions to treat deep-seated tumors, offers advantages such as high dose release consistency, high relative biological effectiveness, and low oxygen enhancement ratio. The development of an online range verification system is needed to fully utilize the precision in delivering the dose to the target volume. There is ongoing exploration of using charged secondary fragments for monitoring, which shows promise in clinical trials.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Nuclear
A. V. Shakhov, S. M. Lukyanov, T. Issatayev, K. Mendibayev, Yu. E. Penionzhkevich, S. S. Stukalov, Yu. G. Sobolev
Summary: New semiconductor detectors based on CdZnTe and CeBr3 crystals were tested for their energy resolution and detection efficiency. A spectrometer facility with these detectors, along with Si for alpha-gamma measurements, was assembled and verified for testing. Results showed that the detectors can be used for studying nuclear reactions and properties of reaction products.
PHYSICS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Shan Chang, Li Zhang, Zejun Jiang, Xiang Li
Summary: This study examines the trajectories and radiation of accelerating electrons in the pulsar magnetosphere, approximated as the electromagnetic field of the Deutsch's solutions. The results show that the pitch angle between electron trajectories and magnetic field lines is non-zero in most of the magnetosphere, and the spectral energy distribution exhibits a double peak structure, with synchrotron radiation dominant in the X-ray band and curvature radiation prevailing in the GeV band.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yacine Ali-Haimoud
Summary: This article revisits the possible interactions of dark matter with Standard Model particles through spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background. It finds that previous studies underestimated the amplitude of distortions and derives tighter upper bounds to the DM-SM elastic-scattering cross section based on non-detection of distortions. Future instruments like PIXIE may probe much smaller cross sections than initially forecasted, and current bounds on electric and magnetic dipole moments of DM are unlikely to be improved upon even with future experiments.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
H. Oshima, T. Matsuo, A. Ali, S. Aoki, L. Berns, T. Fukuda, Y. Hanaoka, Y. Hayato, A. Hiramoto, A. K. Ichikawa, H. Inamoto, A. Kasumi, H. Kawahara, T. Kikawa, R. Komatani, M. Komatsu, K. Kuretsubo, T. Marushima, H. Matsumoto, S. Mikado, A. Minamino, K. Mizuno, Y. Morimoto, K. Morishima, N. Naganawa, M. Naiki, M. Nakamura, Y. Nakamura, T. Nakano, T. Nakaya, A. Nishio, T. Odagawa, S. Ogawa, H. Rokujo, O. Sato, H. Shibuya, K. Sugimura, L. Suzui, Y. Suzuki, H. Takagi, S. Takahashi, T. Takao, Y. Tanihara, M. Watanabe, K. Yamada, K. Yasutome, M. Yokoyama, M. Yoshimoto, N. I. N. J. A. Collaboration NINJA Collaboration
Summary: This study conducted a detailed measurement and analysis of protons, muons, and charged pions emitted from nu(mu) charged-current interactions on iron using a nuclear emulsion detector. The measured data were compared to Monte Carlo predictions, revealing significant differences.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
R. Sariyal, I Mazumdar, Y. M. Sharma, S. M. Patel, P. B. Chavan, V Ranga, S. Panwar, A. K. Gourishetty, S. Dubey
Summary: CeBr3 crystal has similar energy and timing resolutions as LaBr3:Ce, but surpasses LaBr3:Ce in terms of internal activity.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2021)
Article
Crystallography
Robert Bernat, Ivana Capan, Luka Bakrac, Tomislav Brodar, Takahiro Makino, Takeshi Ohshima, Zeljko Pastuovic, Adam Sarbutt
Summary: The study showed that the newly designed 4H-SiC Schottky barrier diode detectors exhibit excellent response to alpha and gamma radiation, with a linear response to different alpha emitters and gamma sources within specific dose rates. It also demonstrated the radiation hardness of these detectors with negligible changes to their electrical properties and no creation of deep levels during testing.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hua Bian, Umar Nazir, Mohamed Ayadi, Muhammad Sohail, Kanit Mukdasai, Ahmed M. Hassan, Maria Amelia E. Damian
Summary: The study explores the use of nanoparticles to improve thermal efficiency. The results show that in the fluid phase, both thermal enhancement and particle motion are higher compared to the dusty phase, and the thermal performance of the tri-hybrid nano-structures is higher than that of hybrid nano-fluids.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)