Journal
METHODS
Volume 104, Issue -, Pages 79-85Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.02.016
Keywords
Femtosecond vaporization; Ambient mass spectrometry; Mass spectrometry imaging; Tissue imaging; Statistical analysis
Funding
- National Science Foundation [CHE 0957694]
- Division Of Chemistry
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1362890] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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An ambient mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) source is demonstrated with both high spatial and mass resolution that enables measurement of the compositional heterogeneity within a biological tissue sample. The source is based on nonresonant, femtosecond laser electrospray mass spectrometry (LEMS) coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass analyzer. No matrix deposition and minimal sample preparation is necessary for the source. The laser, translation stage, and mass spectrometer are synchronized and controlled using a customized user interface. Single or multiple laser shots may be applied to each pixel. A scanning rate of 2.0 s per pixel is achieved. Measurement of a patterned ink film indicates the potential of LEMS for ambient imaging with a lateral resolution of similar to 60 mu m. Metabolites including sugar, anthocyanins and other small metabolites were successfully mapped from plant samples without oversampling using a spot size of 60 x 70 mu m(2). Molecular identification of the detected analytes from the tissue was enabled by accurate mass measurement in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis, non-negative matrix factorization and principle component analysis, were applied to the imaging data to extract regions with distinct and/or correlated spectral profiles. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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