Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shuai Gao, Min Wang, Jian-long Guo, Hao Wang, Jian-guo Zhi, Yan-ping Bao
Summary: TiN-MnS complex inclusions in Al-killed titanium alloyed interstitial free steel were extracted using an electrolytic aqueous solution method. The complex inclusions were primarily concentrated in the 1/4 thickness direction from the inner and outer surfaces, with a size of approximately 8 μm in the slab center. The formation mechanism of the complex TiN-MnS was investigated under a crystal structure during solidification, with TiN precipitating in the delta phase and MnS appearing in the gamma phase.
METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Marcos Fernando de Oliveira Filho, Pierre D'Amelio Briquet Caradec, Rafael Calsaverini, Jose Eduardo Spinelli, Tomaz Toshimi Ishikawa
Summary: The influence of MnS inclusions on steel properties is significant, with higher severity levels of inclusions leading to lower mechanical properties and increased risk of failure. Manual classification methods are commonly used due to cost, while automatic methods have high operating costs. The use of a neural network model for classifying inclusions in steels is explored in this study, with the aim of achieving high accuracy.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jianhua Chu, Liqiang Zhang, Jian Yang, Yanping Bao, Naqash Ali, Chaojie Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the precipitation and evolution of MnS inclusions in medium/high manganese steel. The results show that sulfur content, manganese content, and cooling rate have significant effects on the morphology, number, and size of MnS inclusions.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhengliang Xue, Ning Li, Lu Wang, Shengqiang Song, Dongming Liu, Ao Huang
Summary: This study investigated the precipitation thermodynamics and growth kinetics of MnS inclusions in U75V high-carbon heavy rail steel during solidification. The results showed that controlling the Mn and S concentrations can effectively reduce the size of MnS inclusions, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the steel. Further research is needed to explore additional methods for controlling inclusions and enhancing the performance of the material.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jia-Jie Zhu, Li Jiang, Li-Hong Zhai, Jian-Ming Zhou, Xiang-Bin Ding, Zhi-Jun Li
Summary: The effects of TiN inclusions on the oxidation behavior of modified stainless steels were systematically investigated. It was found that the oxidation rate of steel with TiN stringers is almost seven times faster than the clean one during the homogenized treatment. The TiN stringers induce spall fracture and facilitate air permeation in the oxidation layers, while the TiN inclusions act as nucleation sites for oxides and promote internal oxidation at the oxidation interface, leading to severe oxidation of modified austenitic stainless steels.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Haseeb Ahmad, Fengqiu Tang, Zan Yao, Yingtie Xu, Zongze Huang, Baojun Zhao, Xiaodong Ma
Summary: A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the formation of complex inclusions during steel production. Proper management of inclusions is crucial to prevent nozzle clogging and maintain steel's mechanical properties and machineability. The study used thermodynamic calculations and advanced microscopy techniques to determine the optimal composition and morphology of inclusions in gear steels treated with Al-deoxidation and Ca. The findings showed that increasing Ca concentration resulted in spherical dual oxy-sulfides, reducing the amount of pure MnS sulfides.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Peishu Song, Yaoqiang Li, Tanhua Zhu, Lifeng Zhang
Summary: In this study, the evolution mechanism of inclusions in heavy rail steels with varied aluminum contents was investigated using in situ observation, scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive spectrometer detection, and lattice disregistry calculation. The results showed that the precipitation of MnS inclusions on SiO2-Al2O3-MnO occurred under specific conditions of Al2O3 content and temperature. The solubility of Mn and S was found to decrease with decreasing temperature, and the heterogeneous nucleation of MnS was favored by lower heating temperature and lower Al2O3 content in SiO2-Al2O3-MnO oxide cores.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Likun Long, Chaoyi Chen, Junqi Li, Linzhu Wang, Xiang Li
Summary: This paper investigates the formation mechanism and properties of Al2O3-TiN composite inclusions, which are common in nickel-based superalloys, through experiments and first-principles calculations. The results show that Ti and N atoms can form stable structures on the Al2O3 surface and interact with Al2O3, leading to the formation of composite inclusions.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jian Wang, Jun Peng, Lixia Liu, Fang Zhang, Jihua Peng, Hao Tang, Jie Zheng, Shengli An
Summary: This study investigates the effect of rare earth Ce on the morphology and size of TiN inclusions in 20CrMnTi gear steel. By using SEM, EBSD, EDS, and OTS statistical software, the inclusions are analyzed and the formation of TiN inclusions is calculated using Thermo-Calc software. The addition of rare earth Ce results in the formation of MgAlO4-Ce and CeAlO3 inclusions, which act as nucleation cores for TiN precipitation and refine the titanium-containing inclusions, ultimately improving the fatigue performance of 20CrMnTi.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Weijian Wang, Jujin Wang, Ying Ren, Lifeng Zhang
Summary: A thermodynamic model based on the principle of minimum Gibbs free energy is utilized to predict the composition of inclusions in Al-killed steel during calcium treatment process. By using the Wagner model combined with coexistence theory, the Gibbs free energy of the steel-inclusion system is calculated. The thermodynamic model accurately predicts the evolution of inclusions and is widely applied to predict the modification process of inclusions with different contents of total oxygen (T.O), total sulfur (T.S), and total calcium (T.Ca) in the molten steel. The research also discusses the effects of T.O and T.S contents on the formation of liquid inclusions and investigates the relationship between T.S/T.O values and the composition of inclusions. Additionally, a software for precise control of inclusions is developed based on the established thermodynamic model, providing guidance for timely calcium treatment operation in the refining process.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Danbin Jia, Liangcai Zhong, Jingkun Yu, Zhaoyang Liu, Lei Yuan, Chen Tian, Wenbin Dai
Summary: Electropulsing treatment applied on SUS303 steels effectively reduces the size of globular MnS inclusions and restrains their growth during melting stage, while increasing the number of fine rodlike MnS inclusions in the nucleation and solidification stages.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yao Li, Guoguang Cheng, Jinlong Lu, Hu Long
Summary: The paper analyzes the characteristics and formation of sulfides and (Ca,Mn)S inclusions in bars made of commercial Ca-treated resulfurized steel with different deoxidation modes. The results show that Ca-Al deoxidation is the optimal mode for controlling the shape and distribution of sulfides, and for improving the castability of molten steel.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Haseeb Ahmad, Baojun Zhao, Sha Lyu, Zongze Huang, Yingtie Xu, Sixin Zhao, Xiaodong Ma
Summary: Suitable MnS inclusions can significantly improve the machinability of gear steel. High sulphur steel contains more elongated MnS precipitates, while low sulphur steel contains more oxide inclusions after calcium treatment.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Elena Sidorova, Andrey Karasev, Denis Kuznetsov, Par G. Jonsson
Summary: This study investigated the typical non-metallic inclusions in two industrial low-carbon steels using electrolytic extraction and filtration. The results showed that CaS inclusions caused the initial corrosion of the surrounding steel matrix, while CaO-Al2O3-MgO oxides and TiN inclusions did not cause corrosion.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shuai Xu, Rui Cao, Junheng Gao, Yu Zhang, Haitao Zhao, Shuize Wang, Yuhe Huang, Guilin Wu, Honghui Wu, Chaolei Zhang, Xinping Mao
Summary: In this study, the microstructures and mechanical properties of interphase precipitation strengthening micro-alloyed steels were investigated. The addition of Cr was found to increase the yield strength without significant decrease of ductility. Thermodynamics analysis revealed that the addition of Cr led to grain refinement and decrease of sheet spacing of nanoprecipitates. Calculations showed that the decrease of interphase-precipitated carbides sheet spacing and the refinement of grain size were responsible for the strength enhancement of Cr microalloyed steel.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
