Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Imran H. Yusuf, Peter Charbel Issa, Seong Joon Ahn
Summary: Long-term use of hydroxychloroquine can lead to retinopathy and visual loss. The prevalence of retinal toxicity in long-term users is higher than previously estimated. Early detection through retinal imaging techniques has raised public health concerns, warranting the implementation of retinopathy screening programs.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Shakoor Ba-Ali, Michael Larsen, Henrik Ullits Andersen, Henrik Lund-Andersen
Summary: The study compares retinal function in diabetes without retinopathy, diabetes with moderate NPDR, and individuals without diabetes using ffERG and mfERG. The most prominent anomaly associated with diabetes is a prolongation of the implicit time of the OP2 of the scotopic ffERG.
ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Koushik Mondal, Hunter Porter, Jerome Cole, Hemang K. Pandya, Sandip K. Basu, Sufiya Khanam, Chi-Yang Chiu, Vinay Shah, Daniel J. Stephenson, Charles E. Chalfant, Nawajes Mandal
Summary: This article investigates the toxic effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on the inner retina and its impact on visual functions. Through a clinical study and a mouse model, the researchers found that chronic HCQ toxicity results in the loss of inner retinal neurons and retinal ganglion cells, leading to compromised visual functions. They also provided insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms involving autophagy-lysosomal defects and alterations in sphingolipid metabolism.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
M. Mauget-Faysse, G. Sukkarieh, H. Jebrane, J. Lafolie, A. S. Alonso, E. Laumonier, S. Derrien, V Le Guern, F. Behar-Cohen, S. Thevenin, E. Auge, J. Guillaume, V. Vasseur, N. Costedoat-Chalumean
Summary: This study aimed to determine the concordance of en-face OCT with mfERG in screening for CQ/HCQ retinopathy. The results showed that en-face OCT and mfERG have low concordance and cannot be used interchangeably, as they evaluate different facets of CQ/HCQ retinopathy. If anomalies are detected on en-face OCT, they can be confirmed by B-scan OCT sections.
Article
Rheumatology
Jesse Y. Dabit, Mehmet Hocaoglu, Kevin G. Moder, Andrew J. Barkmeier, Wendy M. Smith, Thomas J. O'Byrne, Cynthia S. Crowson, Ali Duarte-Garcia
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the risk of HCQ retinopathy among incident users in the community. HCQ retinopathy risk at 10 years of use was found to be lower compared to previous estimations, with a significant increase in risk associated with higher doses and cumulative doses of HCQ. Aim for HCQ dose control at <5 mg/kg to reduce the risk of retinopathy.
Article
Rheumatology
John A. Reynolds, Mary Gayed, Munther A. Khamashta, Francesca Leone, Veronica Toescu, Ian N. Bruce, Ian Giles, Lee-Suan Teh, Neil McHugh, Mohammed Akil, Christopher J. Edwards, Caroline Gordon
Summary: This study investigated the outcomes of children born to mothers with SLE exposed to HCQ or AZA during pregnancy. The results showed that there were no significant negative outcomes in children exposed to HCQ during pregnancy. However, the use of AZA was associated with an increased reporting of childhood infection, which requires further study.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yoshiaki Shimada, Masayuki Shibuya, Kei Shinoda
Summary: This study observed changes in mfERGs before and after retinal photocoagulation, finding that the amplitude in the irradiated area transiently increased post-treatment and then significantly decreased, indicating dynamic alterations in retinal function following the procedure.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Boris Rosin, Jose-Alain Sahel
Summary: Ocular and specifically retinal toxicities caused by systemic medications are common and cover various disease modalities. Established follow-up protocols are in place for many of these drugs to ensure timely detection and cessation of therapy. The recent study by Kong et al (2023) in EMBO Molecular Medicine investigated the retinal toxicity induced by deferoxamine (DFO) using both in vivo and in vitro techniques. Their findings suggest a potential protective role for alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) supplementation against DFO toxicity.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Fernando de Sa Del Fiol, Cristiane de Cassia Bergamaschi, Isaltino Pereira De Andrade Jr, Luciane Cruz Lopes, Marcus Tolentino Silva, Silvio Barberato-Filho
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in antibiotic consumption patterns in Brazil, with an increase in the use of azithromycin and a decrease in the use of amoxicillin and cefalexin.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Jennifer C. E. Lane, James Weaver, Kristin Kostka, Talita Duarte-Salles, Maria Tereza F. Abrahao, Heba Alghoul, Osaid Alser, Thamir M. Alshammari, Carlos Areia, Patricia Biedermann, Juan M. Banda, Edward Burn, Paula Casajust, Kristina Fister, Jill Hardin, Laura Hester, George Hripcsak, Benjamin Skov Kaas-Hansen, Sajan Khosla, Spyros Kolovos, Kristine E. Lynch, Rupa Makadia, Paras P. Mehta, Daniel R. Morales, Henry Morgan-Stewart, Mees Mosseveld, Danielle Newby, Fredrik Nyberg, Anna Ostropolets, Rae Woong Park, Albert Prats-Uribe, Gowtham A. Rao, Christian Reich, Peter Rijnbeek, Anthony G. Sena, Azza Shoaibi, Matthew Spotnitz, Vignesh Subbian, Marc A. Suchard, David Vizcaya, Haini Wen, Marcel de Wilde, Junqing Xie, Seng Chan You, Lin Zhang, Simon Lovestone, Patrick Ryan, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
Summary: This study found that the use of hydroxychloroquine to treat rheumatoid arthritis does not appear to increase the risk of depression, suicide/suicidal ideation, or psychosis compared to sulfasalazine. No consistent short-term or long-term effects were observed. Further investigation is needed for higher doses or different indications of use.
Article
Rheumatology
Ji-Hyoun Kang, Sung-Eun Choi, Dong-Jin Park, Shin-Seok Lee
Summary: This study investigated the effects of serum HCQ concentration on clinical manifestations, disease activity, and organ damage in SLE patients. The results showed that patients with subtherapeutic HCQ concentration had a higher incidence of newly developed LN and higher disease activity and organ damage scores over 5 years. Therefore, maintaining an appropriate HCQ concentration can improve the clinical outcomes of SLE patients.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dengren Li, Kuipeng Yu, Feng Feng, Yang Zhang, Fang Bai, Yimeng Zhang, Nan Sun, Jiahui Fan, Lei Liu, Huimin Yang, Xiangdong Yang
Summary: This study found that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) can alleviate inflammation and cell apoptosis caused by renal fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT and NF-kB pathways, improving the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in renal tubular epithelial cells. This provides theoretical evidence for the treatment of renal fibrosis with HCQ.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Spectroscopy
Hailin Wang, Pingfan Rao, Yunjie Qiu, Leiwen Xiang
Summary: In this study, the interaction mechanism between hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ) and collagen was investigated using spectroscopic and computational methods. It was found that HCQ binds to collagen through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds, leading to changes in the structure of collagen. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations further confirmed the binding mode and structural changes. The findings provide insights into the pharmacological mechanisms of HCQ in the treatment of connective tissue diseases and the application of collagen as a drug carrier.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jun-Jun Yeh, Shih-Hueh Syue, Yi-Fun Sun, Yi-Ting Yeh, Ya-Chi Zheng, Cheng-Li Lin, Chung Y. Hsu, Chia-Hung Kao
Summary: This study investigated the effects of hydroxychloroquine on the risk of pulmonary vascular disease in interstitial lung disease patients. The results showed that patients receiving hydroxychloroquine treatment, especially those using it for a medium to long-term period or young women, had a higher risk of pulmonary vascular disease.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maja Gajic, Bianca Schroeder-Heurich, Monika Horvat Mercnik, Mila Cervar-Zivkovic, Christian Wadsack, Frauke von Versen-Hoeynck, Karoline Mayer-Pickel
Summary: This study isolated arterial feto-placental endothelial cells from control and preeclamptic placentas to investigate the potential protective effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in an in vitro model of endothelial activation. The results showed that HCQ did not adversely affect wound healing and endothelial barrier integrity, and it had a slight regulatory effect on IL-8 and VCAM-1 gene expression in the presence of inflammation. These findings support the safety of HCQ and highlight the need for clinical trials to evaluate its therapeutic effects in preeclampsia.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)